Abelard Pierre. Ifilosofi yaseFransi ephakathi, umlobi nomculi

UAbelard Pierre (1079 - 1142) - isazi sefilosofi esidumileyo seMinyaka Ephakathi - wehla kwimbali njengomfundisi kunye nomcebisi owamkelekileyo obenemibono yakhe kwifilosofi eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kwabanye. Ubomi bakhe babunzima nje ngenxa yokungahambelani kweengcamango kunye neemfundiso ezivunyelwe ngokubanzi; Ubunzima obukhulu bempilo buzisa uthando lukaPetros : lokwenene, ngokuvisisana, ngokunyanisekileyo. Ngolwimi oluphilileyo kunye negama eliqondayo, ifilosofi ichaza ubomi bakhe obunzima emsebenzini womntu wendalo, Imbali yeeNtlekele zam.

Ukuqala kohambo olulukhuni

Evakalelwa kuye kwasekuqaleni ukuba unqwenela ukungafuni ulwazi, uPeter akazange anqabile ilifa ngenxa yezihlobo zakhe, akazange akhohliswe ngumsebenzi othembisayo wempi, ezinikele ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo.

Emva koqeqesho, u-Abelard Pierre wahlala eParis, apho waqala ukufundisa kwintsimi yefilosofi kunye nefilosofi, eyamenza ukuba ahlonishwe yonke indawo kunye nobuqaqawuli bezobuchwephesha. Kwiintetho zakhe, ezichazwe ngolwimi oluhle ngokucacileyo, abantu abavela kwiYurophu yonke ihlangene.

U-Abelard wayefundela kakhulu kwaye wayefunda kakuhle umntu, eyaziwayo ngemisebenzi ka-Aristotle, uPlato, uCicero.

Ukufumana iingcamango zabafundisi bakhe - abalandeli beendlela ezahlukeneyo zeengcamango - uPeter wavelisa inkqubo yakhe - ukuchithwa kwezinto (into ethile phakathi kokuphakanyiswa kunye nokuqiniswa), ngokuhluke ngokupheleleyo kwimibono yeS Shampo - isazi sefilosofi-i-mystic yesiFrentshi. Izichaso ze-Abelard ngokumelene noSamspo zazikholisa ngokucacileyo ukuba lo mva waguqula iimbono zakhe, kwaye emva koko waqala ukukhwelela uzuko lukaPeter waza waba intshaba yakhe.

Pierre Abelard: ukufundisa

UPetros kwimisebenzi yakhe ulungelelanisa ubudlelwane bokholo kunye nokuqiqa, ukukhetha okokugqibela. Ngokwefilosofi, umntu akafanele akholwe ngempembelelo, kuphela ngenxa yokuba yamukelwa kuluntu. Imfundiso kaPeter Abelard kukuba ukholo kufuneka lufaneleke kwaye lufezeke kuyo. Umntu-umntu ofanelekileyo-uyakwazi, kuphela ukuphoqa ulwazi olukhoyo nge dialectics. Ukholo kuphela ukucinga ngezinto ezingenakufikelela kwimvakalelo yabantu. Emsebenzini othi "Ewe no-No" uPeet Abelard, ngokuthelekisa ngokufutshane amacatshulwa eBhayibhile kunye neengcaphuno ezivela kwiincwadi zabafundisi, uhlalutya izimvo zale mihla kwaye akafumani ukungqinelani kwiingxelo ezinikezayo. Kwaye oku kusenza singaqiniseki ngeengcali ezithile zecawa kunye nenkolo yobuKristu. Nangona kunjalo, uAbelard Pierre akazange aqiniseke ngemigaqo-siseko yobuKristu; Wayecetyisa kuphela ukuqonda kwabo. Emva koko, ukungaqondi kakuhle iZibhalo ezingcwele, kunye nokukholwa okuyimfama, kuyafana nokuziphatha kweesile, ongayiqondi into emculo, kodwa uzama ukukhupha kwi sixhobo.

Ifilosofi ka-Abelard ezintliziyweni zabantu abaninzi

U-Pierre Abelard, ongufilosofi efumene indawo ezintliziyweni zabantu abaninzi, akazange ahlupheke ngokuthobeka ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye wazibiza ngokusobala ukuba yiyo kuphela ifilosofi, into emiyo emhlabeni. Ngethuba lakhe wayeyindoda enkulu; wayethandwa ngabasetyhini, bahlonishwa ngabantu. Uzuko olufumene u-Abelard utyhilwa ngokupheleleyo.

Imisebenzi ephambili yefilosofi yaseFransi ithi "Ewe no-Hayi", "Ingxoxo phakathi komYuda nomYuda", "Ziyazi Wena", "Inkolo yamaKristu".

Pierre no Eloise

Nangona kunjalo, ubuqaqawuli obukhulu bukaPeople Abelard abuzange abuyiswe yizifundo, kodwa ngebali elithandanayo elenza uthando lobomi bakhe kwaye luba yimbangela yentlekele elandelayo kwixesha elizayo. Ubuhle obukhethiweyo befilosofi kwakungumhlekazi uEloise, owayeneminyaka engama-20 engaphantsi kukaPetros. Intombazana eneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ubudala yayingumntwana oyintandane kwaye yanyuswa endlwini kayisekazi uFulbert, owayengathandi umphefumlo.

Ngaloo mfana, u-Eloise wayengakwazi ukufunda nokufunda ngeminyaka kwaye wakwazi ukuthetha iilwimi eziliqela (isiLatini, isiGrike, isiHebhere). UPeter, wamenywa nguFulber ukuba afundise u-Eloise, wathandana naye ekuqaleni. Ewe, kwaye umfundi wakhe wayemthanda umcinga omkhulu kunye nososayensi, umphefumlo awuboni kwakhethiweyo kwaye wayekulungele nantoni na kulo mntu ohlakaniphileyo nonomdla.

U-Pierre Abelard: i-biography yothando olubuhlungu

Ifilosofi engumhlakani kule nkwenkwe yothando yazibonakalisa ngokwakhe njengombongi kunye nomqambi kwaye wabhala iingoma ezintle ngothando lomntu omncinci owaziwayo ngokukhawuleza.

Wonke umntu wayesazi malunga nokuthandana kwabathandekayo, kodwa u-Eloise, owazibiza ngokuzibiza ngokuthi inkosikazi kaPeter, akazange ahlaziye; Ngokuchasene noko, wayeziqhenyce ngendima ayinikezwe yona, kuba nguye, intandane ejikelezileyo, u-Abelard wayekhethele kubafazi abancinci nabanomdla ababevela kuye. Othandekayo wathatha u-Eloise waya eBrittany, apho wazala khona unyana, lowo lowo mbhangqwana waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe ukuze afundise abantu abangabazi. Abazange babone umntwana wabo kwakhona.

Kamva, uPeter Abelard no-Eloise batshata ngasese; Ukuba umtshato wenziwa esidlangalaleni, uPeter wayengenakuzihlonipha ngokomoya kwaye wakha umsebenzi njengomfilosofi. Eloise, ukhetha ukukhula ngokomoya komyeni wakhe nokukhula kwakhe komsebenzi (endaweni yokunyamekela ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye neengqwembe zezingane kunye nemigodi engapheliyo), wafihla umtshato wakhe waza wabuyela kwindoda kamalume wakhe wathi wayengumthandi kaPetros.

UFulber owayengenakukwazi ukuzidibanisa nokuwa kokuziphatha komntwana wakhe kunye nobusuku obunye, kunye nabancedisi bakhe, bangena endlwini ka-Abelard, apho wayeboshwe khona kwaye elele, elele. Emva kokuxhatshazwa kakubi ngokomzimba, uPetros washiya umhlala-phantsi eSt. Denis Abbey, kwaye u-Eloise wanqunyulwa ukuba abe ngumntu kwi-Monastery yase-Argentina. Kubonakala ngathi uthando lomhlaba, olufutshane kunye noluntu, luhlala iminyaka emibili, luphelile. Enyanisweni, yanda nje ibe yinqanaba elihlukileyo - ukulwa nolwalamano olungokomoya, okungaqondakaliyo kwaye kungenakwenzeka kubantu abaninzi.

Omnye ngokuchasene nabafundisi

Emva kokuhlala ixesha elithile ekuxhaseni, u-Abelard Pierre waphinde waqala ukunyulwa, ukunika indlela yezicelo ezininzi zabafundi. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, izazi zesonto-mfundiso zezobugcisa zithatha izikhali ngokumelene naye, owazifumana kwiphatha "Intshayelelo yezobufundisi" inkcazo yemfundiso yoBathathu Emnye iyaphikisana nemfundiso yecawa. Le yeso sizathu sokumangalela ifilosofi yehlazo; Ukutshatyalaliswa kwakhe kwatshiswa, kwaye uAbhelard ngokwakhe uvalelwa entolongweni yaseSt. Medard. Esi sigwebo esinzima sabangela ukwaneliseka okukhulu ngabafundisi baseFransi, abaninzi abahloniphekileyo babengabafundi baka-Abelard. Ngoko ke, uPetros wanikwa imvume yokubuyela eSt. Denis Abbey. Kodwa nakhona wabonisa ukuba wayezimele, ebonisa ingcamango yakhe, kunokubangela ingqumbo yamonona. Ingundoqo yokwaneliseka kwabo kukufumanisa inyaniso malunga nomsunguli oyinyaniso we-abbey. Ngokombono kaPeter Abelard, bebengewona uDiyonsius waseAreopagite, umfundi wompostile uPawulos, kodwa wayengumnye oyingcwele ohlala kwixesha elide. Ukusuka kwiimonki ezigwenxa, ifilosofi kwafuneka ukuba ibalekele; Wayebalekela kwindawo yenkangala eSeine kufuphi neNogent, apho amakhulu yabafundi beza kuye, umthuthuzeli okhokelela enyanisweni.

KuPeople Abelard, ushutshiso olutsha lwaqala, ngenxa yoko wayefuna ukushiya iFransi. Nangona kunjalo, ngethuba elikhethiweyo wakhethwa ngu-abbot wase-Saint-Gilda, apho wachitha iminyaka eyi-10. U-Eloise naye wanika i-monastery yasePacaclete; Wahlala kunye namantombazana akhe, kwaye uPetros wamnceda ekuphatheni imicimbi.

Isimangalo sobuxoki

Ngo-1136, uPilbert wabuyela eParis, apho waphinda waqala ukunika iintetho esikolweni saseSt. Genevieve. Iimfundiso zikaPeet Abelard kunye nempumelelo eyaziwayo yonke indawo ayifuni ukuphumla kwiintshaba zakhe, ingakumbi kuBernard waseClairvaux. Ifilosofi yaqala ukutshutshiswa. Ukususela kwimibhalo kaPetros bekhethiweyo bacatshulwa ngeengcinga, ngokuphambene noluvo lwentlalo, eyona sizathu sokuhlaziya isityholo sobuxoki. Kwi-Sanssa Cathedral eyayibuthene, uBernard wenza njengomtshutshisi, kwaye nangona iingxabano zakhe zazingekho buthathaka, iimpembelelo, kuquka nopapa, wadlala indima enkulu; Ibhunga lazisa u-Abelar ukuba uhlasele.

Abelard no-Eloise: kunye kunye ezulwini

U-Abelard wanikelwa indawo yokukhusela yi-Petit Venerable, u-abbot waseKlyuinsky, kuqala kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala, emva koko kwi-monastery yaseSt. Markella. Kulapho, umntu ogulayo ngenkululeko yokucinga wayegqityile ubomi bakhe bunzima ; Wafa ngo-Ephreli 21, 1142 eneminyaka engama-63. U-Eloise wakhe wafa ngo-1164; Wayeneminyaka engama-63 ubudala. Esi sibini sasihlanganiswa ndawonye kwi-Abacac Paraclete. Xa yachithwa, umlotha kaPeople Abelard no-Eloise bathunyelwa eParis kwiindawo zamangcwaba ePere Lachaise. Kuze kube yimini, isikhumbuzo se-funeralary sithandwa sihlale sihlotshiswe ngamehlo.