Apake "Hermitage". "Hermitage" - igadi. park eMoscow "Hermitage"

Garden "Hermitage" (bona ngezantsi ifoto) na ilitye lesikhumbuzo landscape art. Sikhoyo intliziyo eMoscow. Abahlali kwengqukuva baqonde le siqithi indalo eluhlaza, eyamisa emijelweni iintendelezo enengxolo kunye nezitalato bangcolile. Kukho ukuhamba oomama abatsha strollers, abathandi kumkhawulela benze izibini ococek.

Ukhethe park lakho kuyo iholide "Hermitage"? Indlela ukufikelela kuyo? Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba ibekwe kude kwisitrato series ivili-ezine kunye izitishi metro "yaseChekhov" yaye "Pushkinskaya".

Indaba

"Hermitage" Park imiyezo yokuqala zokuzonwabisa eMoscow. Kuye kwavulwa 1830 ngemihla yamandulo yokulifumana umyezo ayikho indawo yangoku, kunye Bozhedomka. Park "Hermitage" Ndathi iinkonzo iindwendwe zazo ikofu kunye pergolas, bayiminquba kunye yeqonga. Kwincopho ukuthandwa kwakhe abe ukufezekisile ngaloo minyaka xa obulawulwa umrhwebi ezaziwayo-kakuhle uMikhail Lentovsky.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo yena omdlali le Maly Theatre. Igadi ihlelwe skating kwi ichibi izikhephe, kweenkantsi amanzi, kuluhlu zomkhosi kunye nezinye iziganeko zokuzonwabisa. Ipaki "Hermitage" weza kuphumla kuphela bonke abemi Moscow, kodwa basemzini abatyelela ingqukuva.

Emva Lentovsky zonakale kule ndawo ngokuthe angene emaxongo kakhulu. Thile kamva, indawo myezo kwakhiwa izindlu.

Park "Hermitage" got ukuzalwa yayo wesibini ngo-1894 xa Moscow merchant YV Shchukin eyathengwa sendawo, ibekwe inombolo umqeqeshi. Nje ngaphezu konyaka laqalisa le ndawo yaba igadi liqhuma. A lot esingenamntu yaxhuzulwa iibhedi, neendledlana eligangathiweyo watyala kunye amatyholo kunye nemithi. Igadi wabonakala ukwakha yeqonga.

imicimbi yenkcubeko

Ipaki "Hermitage" 5/26/1896, kwabakho isiganeko ebalulekileyo. Ngale mini, liba intlanganiso kawonke cinema abazalwana Lumiere. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, le nkundla yavulwa epakini, apho kweenkokeli V. Nemirovich-Danchenko ne KS Stanislavsky. 26.10.1898 of the iphambili kwango ngakuwo phantsi kwegama "uKumkani Fyodor Ivanovich." Ngelo linye nqanaba le Moscow Art Theatre zase wadlala nemidlalo ezifana esidlangalaleni njenge "Malume Vanya" yaye "I Inqina" AP YaseChekhov.

abadumileyo abaninzi kwindawo yokubonela "Hermitage" ipaki. Phakathi kwabo, FI Chaliapin and SV Rachmaninoff, Anna Pavlova noSara Bernar, uErnesto Rossi kunye nabanye.

"Hermitage" - igadi apho isakhiwo ehlotyeni Shchukin eyakhiwe, Mirror Theatre. Kwixesha elizayo izicwangciso kwakhiwe isakhiwo esitsha. Baye waba yemiboniso zasebusika, ixesha eliya kuma eziliwaka ababukeli. Noko ke, ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso kuthintele leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Ngexesha leSoviet

Emva 1917 Revolution, "Hermitage" Park uhulumeni. Thile emva koko, ngexesha nep, wegqitha waya ezirentwayo zabucala.

Ngowe-1924, isakhiwo, ibekwe i "Hermitage" ipaki yanikwa yeqonga le Moscow City Council of Trade Unions. Kamva, oko uqambe eMoscow Soviet Theatre.

sempi

Ngexesha ipaki leSoviet "Hermitage" naye wayengomnye athandwa kakhulu apho ukuze bakhululeke abahlali ikomkhulu likaThixo. Xa ekwindla ka 1941 oko lavalwa. Umsebenzi Park yaqalwa ngo-Apreli kunyaka ozayo. Ngowe-1943 waba apha kuthwalelwa zokusingatha ngomdlalo. Ukuze wenze oku, ukususela ngobungxamo eMoscow wabuyela nabadlali. ayizange liyavutha igumbi Theatre. Noko ke, ababukeli okanye abadlali ukuba akayeki.

ngemva kwempi

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1945, lo ngokutsha yomyezo wenziwa "Hermitage". Ngowe-1948, le park kwakhiwa holo yekonsathi zasehlotyeni. Eqongeni wayo, ngezenzo ka KI Shulzhenko, AI Raikin, Li Ruslanova. Apha uyakwazi ukumamela iokhestra LO Utesov.

Xa amahlanu kunye gqira ye Muscovites kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ukudlala itshesi, funda, thatha nje uhambe uze umamele imidlalo ozithandayo, weza umyezo "Hermitage". uhlobo ehlotyeni Cinema yavulwa epakini ngo-1953 Ngokukhawuleza yaba yindawo ethandwayo phakathi Muscovites. Inani elikhulu labantu beza kubona imifanekiso bengaphandle.

Malunga ukuthandwa leyo ulonwabele park-umyezo "Hermitage", bathi izibalo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1957, le kwikona eluhlaza kwikomkhulu watyelela ngabantu 1.5 million. Ezazilapho park wenza R. Karcev and VS Vysotsky, amaqela angaphandle kumabala emidlalo kunye zomculo. Garden Mirror Theatre "Hermitage" wakhethwa njengendawo apho ukudubula kwenzeka ngomhla wokuqala umdlalo "Yintoni? Phi? Xa? ". Ngowe-1980, loo nkundla wegqitha Theatre Ukunakekelwa, intloko apho i AI Raikin.

impilo garden Modern

Kwi-1980 - 1990, epakini "Hermitage" yasinda ixesha senkangala. Ngethamsanqa, kuba sele kudlule. theatre "Novaya Opera" kuvulwa ngo-1991 ngenxa ziindwendwe epakini. ukusebenza apha theatre "Hermitage" yaye "Sphere". Ngu engama 850th of park eMoscow lalungiswa. umsebenzi Ukubuyiselwa wachukumisa izakhiwo ezininzi zembali.

Garden "Hermitage" ngoku indawo ezintle ukuphumla. Emini ungathanda ukuhamba oomama abatsha kunye neentsana zabo. Ekubeni kumakhaya angabamelwane maxa wambi nasekulweni besikolo. On iintsuku zasehlotyeni efudumeleyo ngqo kwi umendo egadini okanye eqongeni isenzo nabadanisi ngaphandle mgaqweni, ndifunde ubugcisa zomdaniso yamandulo.

Njengoko ipaki ngokuhlwa i "Hermitage" uba indawo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Ehlotyeni, oko loo ntetho kunye nemiboniso, iikonsathi beenkwenkwezi ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kwakunye ne-Jazz Festival. Ebusika, irola enkulu isebenza epakini.

Apho iklabhu egadini kunye Tea neNkcubeko Club, kwakunye zokutyela eziliqela.

Theatre "Novaya Opera"

Kwi ipaki kwinkulungwane yama-21 "Hermitage" lifumanise mothuko mkhulu. On nommandla wayo kwabakho umlilo. Ngenxa yoko, umlilo Iyitshabalalisile yinxalenye izakhiwo zembali, leyo waqeshisa kwiklabhu "Diaghilev". Ezinye ubomi esifumileyo iqhubeka egadini, yena phambi uhlala enye yeendawo ozithandayo of Muscovites. Apha uyakwazi tsakela ku tirhisa lonke ixesha lam. Okokuqala, thatha nje hamba, babethwe intyatyambo show okanye dance with abadanisi non-yobungcali kwi emoyeni ehlotyeni evulekileyo, yaye kamva kancinane lesidlo sasemini, ndibuvelela yokutyela kwaye ubukele intlekisa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i "Hermitage" egadi yokusebenza amaqonga ezintathu. Omnye wabo - "New Opera" - kuvulwa kwigumbi kuguquka. Ngaphambili, kwakukho indawo njengesipili yeqonga. Ngowe-1997, ngokuba i "New Opera" isakhiwo esitsha kwakhiwa.

Le nkundla kwaduma ngoko nangoko emva lokuvula. Amawaka ababukeli bazama ukufumana ukuba andibekele imisebenzi classical phakathi kweemveliso ezintsha. Eyona idumileyo - "Eugene Onegin", "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila", "La Traviata" kunye nabanye. Productions, umlawuli wokuqala bezobugcisa yeqonga Evgeniem Kolobovym, kusekho zithengiselwa phandle.

Bayazi kwaye ndiyamthanda yeqonga kude ngaphaya capital Russian. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yena wawongwa ezinye mabhaso axabiseke kakhulu. Xa uluhlu yabo idiploma "Star yeVeki", eyasekwa yi iphephandaba isiJamani "Abendzeitung", Russian opera ibhaso «Casta Diva» kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, le nkundla waba lilungu «Opera Europa» yaseYurophu Opera ekuhlaleni.

"Hermitage"

Le yenye yeqonga egadini. Yasekwa uMikhail Levitin, iye khona ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. "Hermitage" kubalulekile ukuba theatre-labahamba ukuba ngemise- benzi yakhe sigaba zemidlalo adalwe ababhali 1920.

Phakathi kwabo, uNikolay Oleynikov kunye uYuri Olesha, uIsake iBhabheli Alexander Vvedensky.
Kutshanje, eqongeni kule nkundla ibonisa imidlalo ngababhali Latin American.

"Sphere"

Oku encinane, kodwa ngaxeshanye engaqhelekanga kunye umdla kakhulu yeqonga "Hermitage" ipaki zenzelwe ukuba abaphulaphuli abaninzi. Kuye kwaqulunqwa 1981 ukuze uluntu nomtsalane phandle kwayo, kuba abaphulaphuli kwigumbi elincinane, nto leyo ibekwe phakathi umboniso kaninzi baba nxaxheba udlala ndidlulayo.

club tea

EMoscow park "Hermitage" inikeza abatyeleli i yokuchitha engaqhelekanga. Xa Igadi iklabhu ekhethekileyo, ebonelela yonke ingqokelela elite iintlobo tea Chinese, kwakunye impahla olugqibeleleyo mbi iti.

Kufunyenwe kule club kunokuba kunye noncwadi ezikhethekileyo. ezithuba Iindwendwe akhulule iimbadada zabo nezambatho, elele ngqo kwi iikhaphethi ezithambileyo emagumbini ezincinane mavoko. Kuphela koko iqala umsitho iti, nto leyo ethatha indawo phantsi ukhokelo kwiingcali, leyo anike iimbono ezintsha zibe isiselo njengesiqhelo.

Ukuhamba nge egadini

kwikona Green entliziyweni Moscow - ipaka "Hermitage" - wamkela iindwendwe yayo kwintsimi ezimnandi kunye kakuhle abanembeko. Ehlotyeni imithombo abasebenza apha. Ngaphesheya yemingcunube epakini kunye emiterebhintini, maples kunye lindens. Phakathi kwemithi indlela zama zifakwa kunye ne izitulo zabo. Ezikholekileyo emehlweni watyala wavuka ematyholweni, lilacs kunye Weeks.

Ngo-2000, kwakukho imifanekiso emibini phezu iindlela epakini. Omnye wabo kwakunikelwa yi isixeko Paris. Le umhlola of Viktora Gyugo. Umbhali walo - L. Laurent Marqueste. Le Umfanekiso yesibini - isipho kaRhulumente ka-Italy. Eli nani wabe Alighieri. Umbhali - R. Piras. Ngo-2004, emva kokuba ngokubuyiselwa nasemyezweni wazilumeka yokuqala zombane izibane e Moscow, eyayifumaneka ngo-1880 kwi-mveliso St. Catherine kaThixo.