Umxube wokugawula izindonga. Yiyiphi ipaliti engcono? I-Mortar yokumisa

Mhlawumbi enye yeyona ndlela ininzi yokugqiba umsebenzi kukugqitywa kweendonga, ingakumbi xa uvelisa ezi zinto ngaphandle kokwenza uncedo olungaphandle. Kuya kuba nemfesane ukuchitha imali kunye nomgudu ukuba, emva kokumisa, iindonga zihlanganiswe ngophahla okanye izinto eziphathekayo kwaye zihoxisa ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni, okwenzeka rhoqo xa inkosi ingenawo amava okwenza umsebenzi wokwakha. Kodwa, ke, akukho nendima ebalulekileyo idlalwe yiindidi kunye nomgangatho womxube we- plaster, oya kuwusebenzisa emsebenzini. Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kobunjwa kufuneka kuhanjiswe ngokungathí sina, kuba kwakhona impumelelo yokubetha iindonga iya kuxhomekeka kulo.

Ukubhekisela

I-plaster enhle ingenziwa nguwe kunye nawe. Ukwenza oku, thatha izithako, uhlambe isanti, udibanise yonke into kwiimfuno ezifunekayo uze ungeze amanzi. Kodwa konke oku kuya kuthatha ixesha elininzi, kwaye umxube unokuthi ungabikho. Ngako oko, kukulungele ukuthenga ukulungiswa okwenziwe ngokulungelelanisa oku sele kunomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuxube omile ofuna kuphela ukongezwa kwamanzi.

Iimpawu zokukhethwa kweplasta kwiindonga

Unokukhetha isisombululo se-plaster ngokuxhomekeke kummandla wodonga obelwe umsebenzi wexesha, kwakunye neendleko eziqikelelwayo zokubumba. Ukuze ungaphumeleli, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba ziphi iiplayiti ezikhoyo namhlanje. Ukuba ufuna ukuphucula umzobo, ngoko kufuneka ukhethe i-sement-lime okanye i-plaster yamasheya. Iindonga zangaphakathi zigqityiwe ngokuxutywa nge-samente okanye i-samente, kunye ne-gypsum compounds. Kuxhomekeke kwiifom, i-plaster ingaba neempawu ezahlukileyo zekhwalithi. Ngokomzekelo, ukumisa njenge-binder inomxholo ofanayo, kwaye i-filler isanti. Phakathi kwezibonelelo zolu mbululo zingabonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokupheka, ubuso obomeleleyo emva kokuma, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwaye iguquguquke, kuba loo maqumrhu afanelekileyo kumsebenzi womsebenzi wangaphakathi kunye nomzobo.

Ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwenza umsebenzi ube lula, kuba unokudibanisa iibhegi eziliqela ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa umxube wekhonkrithi kwaye ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuba umdaka uya kubamba ngaphambi kokuba ube nexesha lokuwusebenza. Imixube enjalo ifanelekile kumatitshala abanamava. Kwaye emva kokumisa umphezulu kuya kubakho ukuxhatshazwa kumandla.

Ukuba ukhetha umxube owomileyo wokudibanisa izindonga, kufuneka ulungele ezinye izinto ezingalunganga. Phakathi kwabo - ukunyanzeliswa kwehlwempu kunye neendawo eziphathekayo kunye nokukhawuleza, ukungakwazi ukwenza umthamo omkhulu wemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokuzikhandla komzimba, kunye nokubunjwa kwemveliso enkulu yokungcola. I-Cement iya kunyanga ixesha elide, ngoko umsebenzi wokulungisa uza kululeka, kwaye ukugqitywa kokugqitywa kunokuqalisa kwakhona emva kweveki ezimbini. Imisebenzi inikezela ukubaluleka kokufakwa kokuqala kweendonga. Ngexesha lokumisa, igumbi liza kugcina umswakama ophezulu, ukudibanisa iinqununu zifuna amanzi, ngoko ngexesha lokumisa, kufuneka uhlambele amanzi ngamanzi, okucwangcisa inkqubo. Ukuba igumbi linezakhiwo zokhuni, ukuphakama kwamanzi kungabangela ukuba baqhekeke.

Ekubeni isisombululo kuya kufuneka siphonswe eludongeni, inxalenye enkulu iya kuwela phantsi, ukudala ukungcola okukhulu, ngaphezu koko, oku kungakhokelela ekusebenziseni komxube. Kodwa oku akusiyo kuphela umthombo wothuli, kuba xa uxolela isisombululo, ama-particle samente aya kunyuka emoyeni, angene kwindawo yokuphefumula, eyaziwa ngokuba yingozi kwimpilo.

I-Cement-lime plaster

Ukuba ucamngca ngombuzo othi iplasta ilungile, unako ukuhlawula ingxube ye-al-lime, equkwayo nesihlabathi. Iingeniso ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa ulwakhiwo lwemisebenzi yangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye namagumbi, iimeko apho ziphezulu. Emva kokufaka isicelo kwiindonga, ukubunjwa kwe-samente-lime kubanika ipropati-antibacterial, ngaphandle kokuveliswa kwefungus.

Ulwakhiwo lukulungele ukusetyenziswa, kuba luququzelele kwaye luhambelana kakuhle nomhlaba. Kodwa isisombululo se-plaster siyakuma malunga neenyanga ezi-4, ngaphezu koko, umxube ufuna ukuthobela iteknoloji. Ukuba ukulungiswa komhlaba kungenziwa ngokuchanekileyo okanye iingcebiso zokumisa azilandelwa, udonga luya kupheka kwaye lube lukhululekile. Ukuthunga kwinqwelo ye-lime akuyona into engeyona ingozi kunokuba kuluhlu oluchazwe ngasentla. Ukuba isisombululo sifike esikhumbeni, sinokubangela ukucasuka kunye nesilonda.

Gypsum plaster

Umxube we- Gypsum plaster uzalise iifom yefom ye-additives. Umbala wokwakheka ungaba mhlophe, umhlophe okanye ukhilimu. Ikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, okukuvumela ukuba unciphise ixesha lokugqiba imisebenzi. Ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa kweendonga, akufuneki ukuba kubekwe i-putty, umxube we-ductile, awuyi kukhwela emgangathweni ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye ungasetyenziselwa kwiziqendu ezimbini, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha malunga ne-40 m ² ngosuku. Umdaka kunye nothuli luya kubalwa ngaphantsi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukubunjwa akusiyo-shrinkable kwaye akuyi kuhlanganiswa neentluko emva kokuma.

Iingxaki ze-gypsum plaster

Ukuba ujongene nombuzo othi iplasta ibhetele, mhlawumbi kufanelekile ukuba ucinge ukuba ufumane ukubunjwa kwamacwecwe, njengoko kunemiphumo emininzi. Phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ukukhupha: ubuncinane, ukungazinzi kwimpembelelo, kunye nokunyumba. Umxube olungiselelwe uza kusebenza ngaphandle kwemizuzu engama-40, efuna ubukho bobuchule kunye nezakhono ezizodwa zekosi. Iimveliso ze-Gypsum azizisetyenziselwa imisebenzi yangaphandle, kuba zizinzile kwiimpembelelo zomoya.

I-plaster plaster

Umxube weendonga ze-plaster unakho. Iquka izongezo zepolymeric, isanti, iintambo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesamente. Njengomgaqo, lo mxube usetyenziselwa ukufakela i-heater, kodwa ungasetyenziselwa ukubetha izindonga usebenzisa i-mesh. Ngenxa yokuba i-adhesive plaster inexabiso eliphezulu, indawo yesicelo sayo iyancipha.

Ukulungiselela u-plaster ngokwakho

Emva kokuba ufunde umyinge wezithako, unokwenza isisombululo sokwelusa udonga ngokwakho. Ubuninzi be-playpta yilezi zilandelayo: 1 inxalenye yentlama yokubala, izingxenye ezintathu zesanti. Ubungakanani bunokutshintshwa kancinci ukuba umxholo weoli utywala okanye ungabalulekanga. Ngaloo ndlela, kwicandelo elinye leqhekeza, iindawo ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-5 zentlabathi zingafuneka. Emva kokuba izithako zidibaniswe, ukubunjwa kufuneka kuxutywe, kwandiswe kancane kancane isanti kunye nesihlabathi.

Isilityambo sesanti se-sement: ukulungiselela

Izinto eziphathekayo zokupaka kwisiseko se-sement nazo zidibaniswe ngokuhambelana nenani. Ukufezekisa umsebenzi oya kuwufuna usimende, isanti, i-lime kunye namanzi. Okokuqala, inxalenye yesimente kunye neengxenye ezine zesanti zixutywe, emva koko i-0.1 yecyme iyakongezwa. Kancinci, i-liquid iyongezwa kwisisombululo kude kube lula ukufumana umxube wezinto ezifunwayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-brand ye-samente, ubungakanani bunokuhluka. Ukuba ufuna ukulungiselela umxube weendonga zee-grade ze-M200, isanti kunye nesamente kufuneka zidibaniswe kumlinganiselo we-1 ukuya ku-1. Xa usebenzisa i-M500 yamanzi, lungiselela isanti kwisixa semali engama-5 kunye ne-samente kwi-volume ye-1 inxenye.

Eminye imigaqo

Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana umxube ochanekileyo wokugawula izindonga, izinto ezisekelwe kuwo mazifanele zikhokelwe. Ekubeni kwintsimbi yomnatha wekhonkrithi enesakhiwo esiqhenqileyo, kukulungele ukuthenga umxube we-gypsum. Ungathengela umquba wesamente. Kodwa ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba ikhonkrithi ye-foam ine-absorbency enhle, kunye nomhlaba odibeneyo uya kufuna ukuba amanzi ahlambe. Ukuba ufanele usebenze ngeendonga zokhuni, ngoko zifaneleke kakhulu ngeplita kwisiseko se-samente kunye ne-lime, esetyenziselwa i-shavings kwi-shingles. Ngexabiso, i-gypsum plasters ixabisa ngakumbi xa ifaniswa nama-plaster ensimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sinokuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwe-gypsum plaster, i-plaster ipensi iya kuba neendleko ezininzi. Emva kwakho konke, ukuba ubeka kuqala ukhetho kwisentimitha sesentimitha nganye kwikhilomitha yesi-square, kuya kuthatha i-10 kg, ngelixa ukubunjwa kwe-samente kuya kusetyenziswa kwisixa sama-16 kg.

Xa ukhetha umxube wokugawula izindonga, ungayithengi ngokubanzi. Okokuqala kufuneka uthabathe amaphakheji amabini, uze uvavanye emsebenzini. Ukuba ixesha lokumisela lihambelana nemiyalelo, ungathenga inani elifanelekileyo lomxube. Kubalulekile ukuba ungabandakanyi ukugcinwa okungafanelekanga kwe-gypsum plasters, kuba kule meko iya kuzinza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10 emva kokungeza kwamanzi. Kodwa ukuba ubuninzi bentente abuchazwa kwi-plaster yamasheya, iya kuhamba ngodonga ngexesha lenkqubo yesicelo.

Ukukhetha i-plaster engcono kakhulu ngabavelisi

Njengoko iingcali zincoma, akufanele uthenge iimxube ezenziwe ngabakhiqizi abancinane. Imveliso ethandwa kakhulu kwiimarike namhlanje yiyo yanikezelwa yinkampani yaseJamani uKnauf. Ivelisa ukuhlanganiswa komgangatho, kwaye intengo yalo mveliso iphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso yasekhaya. Phakathi kwale mihla, iinkampani ze-Starateli, ezisekwayo, i-Eunice, i-Volma kunye ne-Kreps ziye zazingqina. Umgangatho we "Starateli" awukho ngaphantsi kweN Knauf. Kodwa ukuba uthengela ininzi enkulu, ngoko umlinganiselo wepakethi ye-30 kg ungabonwa.

Iimpawu ze-gypsum plaster yegama elithi "Knauf Rothband"

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuba ukhethe ukuphakamisa iindonga ngomxube we "Knauf Rothband", kufuneka uziqhelise ngeempawu zayo. Kujoliswe ekumgangatho ophezulu weendonga kunye nezilwanyana ezinesiseko esomeleleyo. Apha ungabandakanya i-cement plaster, ikhonkrithi, izitena kunye neendawo ezenziwe nge-polystyrne eyandisiweyo. Izixhobo eziphathekayo ezinokwakheka ngokukhethekileyo zifanelekile ukucubungula. Ungasebenzisa olu lwakhiwo lokugqiba amagumbi kunye nomswakama oqhelekileyo kunye namagumbi okuhlambela, kunye neekhikhini.

I-plaster ye-gypsum "I-Knauf Rotband" (30 kg) isetyenziswe ngumgca, ubunzima bayo buyahlukahluka ukuya kuma-5 ukuya kuma-50 mm. Ngomqolo ongama-10 mm, uya kufuna i-8.5 kg nganye ngomitha wesikwere. Xa kudibaniswa, malunga nama-lititha ezingama-20 ngamanzi ngeekhegi ezingama-30 ziya kuthathwa. Umgangatho uya kusoma iintsuku ezi-7, kodwa isisombululo esilungileyo kufuneka sisetyenziswe kwimizuzu engama-25. Amandla aqinekileyo aya kudlula i-index ye-2.5 MPa, ngelixa amandla e-flexural i-1.0 MPa. I-Plaster gypsum "I-Knauf Rotband" (30 kg) ngumxube wendawo yonke onika ukunyanzelwa kokunyuka kuwo onke amacebo. Ukupakishwa komthamo okhankanywe ngasentla kuya kubiza umthengi ama-ruble angu-370. Ukuba ufanele usebenze kunye neendawo ezixakekayo, ngoko ke ziyakuthandwa nge-primer.

Iimpawu ze-gypsum plaster "I-volma-layer"

Plasta "Volma", ixabiso eliyi-ruble ezingama-280., Alufunanga ukubeka i-preyminary and can be applied by hand. Kwimitha engamaritha kunye nobubanzi obuyi-10 mm kuya kuthatha malunga ne-9 kg yokwakheka komile. Uluhlu olunjalo luya kumisa kwiiyure ezingama-24, kwaye njengendawo yokugqithisa, izitena, i-gypsum okanye i-stere plaster, ikhonkrithi okanye i-block yegesi ingasetyenziswa. Kubalulekile ukwenza isisombululo emva kokupheka imizuzu engama-45. Kuba i-facade isebenza nge-plaster "Volma", ixabiso elithandekayo, alilisebenzisi. Ukufaka isicelo singenza uluhlu oluvela kwi-5 ukuya kuma-60 mm.