Ngubani, nini kwaye njani na ukwakha iiphiramidi? Igama kaFaro owakha iphiramidi eliphezulu

Ngokoqobo akukho onjalo umntu kwakungayi weva malunga iiphiramidi laseYiputa. Kakade ke, asingabo bonke baye basinda ixesha lethu, kodwa abo ingabonwa ngoku, uninzi amarhe nizihlabe ubunzima uqikelelo malunga nendlela iiphiramidi zakhiwa, owenza nokuba kutheni. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukuqonda imiba ubuncinane ezithile.

Kutheni iphiramidi?

bezakhiwo Contemporary babhidekile kutheni, ukuba ube nomnqweno ukwakha into engaqhelekanga, ukhetho wawa phezu imilo yephiramidi? Kwaye ke impendulo mhlawumbi ilula kakhulu. Ngelo xesha naziphi bezakhiwo abanobuchule kunye nabayili wayengekho lo mbuzo, ingakumbi phakathi koozintlango entlabathini.

Ngamnye kuthi ukhumbula yena umntwana edlala kwi yesanti okanye elunxwemeni ngexesha leeholide usapho. Emva koko ayengekho nemiqathango efanayo njengoko abakhi waseYiputa yamandulo, kwaye uzama nje ukwakha into ephuma entlabathini. Kwaye cishe njalo aphumelele? Injalo loo nto - Isanti iphiramidi.

Kakade ke, kwesanti eYiputa nabo amatye ezahlukeneyo iimilo shapeless okanye engaqhelekanga, kwaye sebenzisa zona ngokukodwa ukongeza esantini ukwakhiwa iye yaba sisixhobo esihle kakhulu ekomelezeni isakhiwo.

Ngoko ke kuvela, akukho kubalulekile ukwakha indlela iiphiramidi, kodwa siya kuthathwa ngokuthi le fomu wakhethwa ngenxa ukwakha enye into nje ukuba akwenzeki, izixhobo kunye nolwazi.

Injongo iiphiramidi

Uyakwazi mhlawumbi ekhuselekileyo ukuze kuthi ukuba iiphiramidi eYiputa de kube namhla kufihla ezinye zimfihlo awunako ukusombulula aluyi sisazinzulu okanye clairvoyant. Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi kunye nantoni na awayefike sele malunga owakha iiphiramidi baseYiputa, yaye kwenziwa njani, kodwa impendulo ngqo kwezi iingxaki ziqala apho beziyeke khona.

Kodwa ke ukuba uphendule umbuzo malunga ngenjongo yokwakha lula kancinci, ungenza nkqu kwisigqibo lentelekelelo.

Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, iiphiramidi kwakukho amangcwaba koFaro. Njengokuba ubungqina enikiweyo mummies of ngoofaro, awafunyanwa phakathi kwezinye iiphiramidi kunye nezincedisi zomngcwabo. Iingxelo midala, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ilungelo lokufikelela kwi zokwakha kwafuneka ababingeleli bodwa, yonke komnyango yavalwa.

Kodwa kule version, unako ukufumana amadlala. Iiphiramidi eYiputa asingabo bonke ziyafana, ayehlukile kubume, ubukho ngentla-komhlaba kunye namalungu komhlaba, ukwakha eziphathekayo wasisebenzisa ncam.

Iphiramidi kaFaro KHUFU yakhiwa malunga 2560 BC, eyenziwe ngamatye. Abo bafika kamva, zazakhiwe ngezitena zodaka, engabhalwanga phantsi kaJohn. Ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo kwaba nempembelelo yabantu, ixesha kuphela ukwakhiwa loo kuya kufuneka kakhulu eninzi. Hi ndlela leyi, ezi iiphiramidi zezona bachatshazelwa ziimeko zokusingqongileyo, umoya, imvula na imbubhiso lwabo ngcembe. Abanye babo baye phantse yaba imfumba zentlabathi lezitena niya kulirhola.

Kukho uguqulelo wesibini, leyo ezazakhiwe iiphiramidi. Baba nezihlanganisi amandla ingxilimbela. Kakade ukuba abaninzi babo baba nengxenye enkulu komhlaba, nto leyo engaphuhliswanga ngokuhambelana ngqongqo imephu nesibhakabhaka esimnyama. Inxalenye eliphezulu ephakamileyo zepiramidi yaba uhlobo umjelo kuphuma amandla.

Inguqulelo wesithathu, iphiramidi yokuqala yayakhelwe ukugcina ubuncwane pharaonic. Ngokufanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi, kodwa kunokubangela ezinye iingxoxo wakhetha yalo mbono:

1. Zonke iiphiramidi na izakhiwo ezisisigxina ukuba zikwazile basinde Ukuhlasela okusingqongileyo kwaye phantse akukho tshintsho. Ngoko ke, siya kuthathwa ngokuthi wazakhela ukuba uphumelele. Umzekelo, iphiramidi Cheops yakhiwa malunga nonyaka 2560 BC. Akukho mntu uthandabuzayo ukuba ngexesha naziphi iibhanki ukuba ugcine imali nezacholo wayengekho umbuzo, kwaye ukugcina ubuncwane zabo ethile kwaba kuyimfuneko. Emva koko yenza kwaba nzima kwesanti yaye iindunduma ngalo naliphi na ixesha sandstorm ukuze uyokutsho ukufumana ubuncwane zabo efihliweyo kwakuya akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke iphiramidi lisakheka, lihamba liyoyika phezulu kangangokuba na babesoyika iindunduma zentlabathi Sands.
2. Yobungakanani ukwakhiwa iqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufihla ngobutyebi obukhulu, abanini kuzo ooFaro. Kulo mzekelo, enoba kangakanani kwiminyaka ethile eyadlulayo bakha Pyramid Omkhulu. uhlobo lwangaphandle akuthethi akhuphe dimensions zangaphakathi, ngoko ke kunzima ukucinga ukuba ubutyebi kangakanani na ukungena ngaphakathi kweendonga zayo.

Konke oku, Kakade ke, iinguqulelo, ngokuchanileyo ukuphendula umbuzo owakha iiphiramidi yintoni na phantse akunakwenzeka.

Izinto zokwakhiwa iiphiramidi

Eziphathekayo ukuze kwakhiwe iiphiramidi enkulu kwakufuneka imali enkulu. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba geni iikwari. Abembi bezinto zakudala kufuphi Aswan (indawo ekufuphi iiphiramidi Giza) wafumana slab zelitye lenyengane, alondolozwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ubunzima kwawo kwafikelela malunga 1,300 neetoni. Yintoni ayimangalisi kukuba wayelihomba propylene kukuqiniswa neentanda. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngenxa abakhi zabo yamandulo iiphiramidi ingqalelo ukuba angakulungeli yeprojekthi yabo yebhongo.

Kukho kwakhona isiqinisekiso abanye abaphandi bafumane imizila ngaphakathi iiphiramidi formwork ngamaplanga.

Eziphathekayo, nto leyo yenziwa abakhi yamandulo nakhandiweyo lekalika, iye moldability elungileyo kwaye athatha imilo efunekayo ngexesha okupholisa kunye Ukuqinisa. Wavele, imifanekiso ezahlukileyo iindonga yakhona, ndazikhamela kwi eziphathekayo kodwa asinyangeki, hayi ke eqingqiweyo.

Abanye abembi bade kucingwa ukuba wenza engontsini ekwakheni ineebloko eziphathekayo basebenzisa nentwana ngobhedu. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uziphumeze eneneni, ingakumbi xa sicinga ngendlela kwiminyaka ethile eyadlulayo bakha Pyramid Omkhulu? Sicingela ukuba izazinzulu bayazi kakuhle.

Ezibonakalayo ukuze iphiramidi ephezulu

Okwangoku eyaziwa uFaro owakha iphiramidi inkulu. It Cheops. Bakholelwa ukuba imiyalelo yakhe ukuqalisa ekwakhiweni kwayo. Kodwa nkqubo ilawulwa yi-uFaro kunye nomtshana wakhe - Vizier Hemion. Kude kube ngoku izazinzulu kuhlala mfihlelo, leyo ke ngeteknoloji entsha, wayedla ukufumana ngenxa enye ezisixhenxe ezimangalisayo ehlabathini. Ziziphi nyaka yaba nePiramidi Cheops yakhiwa ayaziwa ncam, kodwa wavele ke phambi xesha lethu, malunga 2560. Leyo ubuchwepheshe sikwazi ukuthetha?

Ngokutsho ulwazi kwimithombo yamandulo, kanye ukulungiselela ukwakha iminyaka engaphezu konyaka, yaye abangaphezu kwe-4 amawaka abasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo. Ekubeni kuzakuthathwa ukwakhiwa kwisikali omkhulu sokwakha, kuye kwagqitywa njengeqonga ukukhetha ummandla onamatye kufuphi eCairo.

Alinganayo amaYiputa ehlabathini Cham shaft sakhiwe imilo isikwere, nto leyo ingenwe emanzini. Ngaphakathi kuyo bahlabeka imijelo amanzi sele liqalile ukuqinisekisa izinga layo. Emva koko yenza a notch, ulwelo kwehliswa, yaye onke amatye ezibe ngaphezu kweli nqanaba kwasuswa, kwaye umsele wabeka. Yiloo ndlela wavuka isiseko iphiramidi leyo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo wakha Pyramid Enkulu, kusekho akukho mathandabuzo ukuba izinto ezisisiseko ukuze kwakhiwe zayo kuvuleke ukuba geni iikwari. Nge scabbling ke, zanyangwa ukuya kubukhulu, badla elimiswe ukusuka 0.8 m ukuya kwisi-1.5 m. Ezinye iisampulu baba ubungakanani ochukumisa ngakumbi, umzekelo, ikwanjalo nentlama ekungeneni "igumbi kuFaro" waba ezinobunzima 35 neetoni.

Kuthathwa ukuba amaqhuma uzilungiselele usebenzisa iintsontelo lalingqingqwa kwaye zokuxhathisa babarhuqela ngasemlanjeni ukuya kwindawo yokwakha. Kule nkqubo, Ngubani na ongaphunyelwayo lo mbuzo, kodwa njani yaye oko nobuchwepheshe ezi iibhloko ezibe zisemantloko izakhiwo, kodwa zonke izazinzulu kuhlala akanakwaziwa engekasonjululwa.

Iphiramidi kaFaro KHUFU yakhiwa iminyaka ezimalunga nama-40, nangona abanye bakholelwa ukuba wathabatha akukho ngaphezulu kwe mabini. Ngelishwa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezinye kuvuleke azikhange zigcinwe, ukusukela (ngokutsho kuguqulelo enye) zasetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kubahlali Cairo ngayo emakhayeni abo emva kokuba ayihlasela-Arabhu xa ikomkhulu labo.

Umbuzo ongunaphakade - owadala iiphiramidi?

Umbuzo owakha iiphiramidi, kuseyinto ngaphandle iimpendulo ezicacileyo. Around ezi zakhiwo omkhulu mpikiswano eladlulayo kunye nencoko, kunye neenguqulelo asolwa abakhi ngokuya ibonakala.

Lo mbuzo uza kusoloko useza iingqondo izazinzulu; ngokuba yonke loo nto nkqu lowo ndibakhe, yaye le nkqubo yonke kuthwalelwa phandle ngayo. Ziziphi technologies asetyenziswa kuphela ukufumana imilo echanekileyo zejometri, kodwa isakhiwo ukuba phantse olude impembelelo iintlekele zemvelo, iimfazwe ayehlasela abonakalisi beprophathi? Iinguqulelo kule nkalo baninzi, kodwa kuphela ukuba aqhelane ezinye zazo.

Akuzange log

Ngokutsho kwinguqulelo yokuqala, ulwakhiwo iphiramidi nekuhlala amaYiputa ngokwabo. Iizilebhu Huge neebhloko zirhuqwe ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi encediswa ngeentsontelo, ezo underlay phantsi iinkuni kunye nokufaka.

UHerodotus bathi abakhi waba formwork ngomthi, nto leyo zezikhali kwaye igqithiselwe, kunye wazithwala phandle ulwakhiwo kwinqanaba elilandelayo.

Yiyiphi nyaka njani iiphiramidi zakhiwa, kunzima ukuba bathi kanye, kodwa hayi uziqwalasele Cheops yokuqala kuFaro, banyusa ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo. ukwakhiwa era Discoverer le iiphiramidi eYiputa uFaro Djoser ingqalelo enkulu. Ngomhla tshe amaxesha akhe uyakwazi ukufumana imiyalelo kokwenza ludaka.

It wadalwa le kaFaro Inyathelo Oomasinyusane e Saqqara. Waye izigaba 6, iyileyo kwathetha kwisigaba esilandelayo sokwakha. Ngaphakathi kwakukho 11 iikhamera ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela amalungu entsapho kaFaro. Emva koko, kukho Ma kunye nabafazi nabantwana kwafunyanwa. Oku kakhulu kamva, iphiramidi ngasinye senzelwe zokulahla ukumkani enye kuphela okanye uFaro.

Izilo-abakhi

Ngokutsho uguqulelo yesibini, ulwakhiwo iiphiramidi wawungapheleli amaYiputa, kunye nempucuko mandulo Russia. Kukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokukhula walo omkhulu waba ithuba lokungenela wokwakha. Atlanta waba nje ukwanda kweemitha ezili-12, kodwa abe oovimba kakhulu amandla, ngoko lunamahlwili amhlophe anobunzima eziliqela, abazange bakwazi kakhulu lula ukuthwala.

Kodwa ke, ngokutsho kwezinye amavo, iingxilimbela musa ukuthembela amakhono abo omzimba, kwaye sebenzisa amandla ingcamango, ngalo ungasa izinto emoyeni.

Ezi zimvo kuqinisekiswa zizazinzulu ezininzi. Umzekelo, HP Blavatsky - le esotericist kunye theosophist kunye clairvoyant Edgar Keysi, owathi ukuba iphiramidi uFaro Cheops yakhiwa malunga 10 490 BC. Yiyo le imboni igama ndawo ngqo apho Atlanteans wazifihla amaxwebhu ebalulekileyo kunye nezinto - phakathi ezihamba ngamathupha azo ye SPHINX. Ezi ezenziwe ziquka ulwazi malunga Atlantis kunye intshabalalo yayo.

Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba inguqulelo ukwakhiwa iiphiramidi Atlanta. Ezi superhumans bamandulo bangathanda ukuba adlulisele kwisizukulwana esilandelayo kwimbali yawo engaqhelekanga, yaye kwakungekho ithuba ulahleke yonke, uze ukuza kunye nezakhiwo engaqhelekanga kunye elikhulu enjalo.

An imvelaphi komhlaba of iiphiramidi

Kukho kwakhona olu guqulelo, ngokutsho kuyo, mhlawumbi, kukho uFaro owakha iphiramidi sikhulu, kodwa sele emva kokuba Akunakwenzeka zazizakhele uninzi lwezi yobuciko.

Abaphengululi ababambe lo mbono, wakhetha kolu guqulelo ingxelo uhlalutyo iphiramidi. Ngelo xesha nje akazange ayisekho iteknoloji eyahlukileyo enjalo ukuhluzwa nelitye ezihambayo neebhloko enkulu indawo. Kukholelwa ukuba njengabaphambukeli kuphela ukuba supertehnikoy ethile ukuba abanyamezela ngayo lo msebenzi. Etempileni Abu Simbel mfanekiso ekhoyo ngoofaro phantsi, oya kufikelela eziphakamileyo yeemitha kwama-20. Ngaba ngokwenene enjalo ikhulise ngaloo mihla abantu abaqhelekileyo ngaphandle nezixhobo ezizodwa kunye nobuchwepheshe, kodwa zazenziwe ngobhedu? Kuba izazinzulu ezininzi kakhulu kuyathandabuzeka.

Yiyiphi imibuzo abanayo iimpendulo?

Nokuba sicingela ukuba amaYiputa amandulo baba ngokubukekayo kakhulu kunokuba thina kwimibandela kokwakhiwa izakhiwo ezizodwa kwaye njani zakhiwa iiphiramidi, bagqiba ukugcina imfihlelo, akukho mpendulo kule mibuzo ilandelayo:

• Xa siqwalasela ukuba eYiputa yamandulo zazifumaneka amasuntswana zamatye kunye nobhedu, ngoko ngoncedo lwabo kwaba kuyenzeka lokuchophela ibhloko zelitye lenyengane kangangokuba akukho izikhewu phakathi iibhloko?
• Yintoni ekufanele ukuba isetyenziswe ukulawula phantse 100 eemitha nzulu isiseko iphiramidi?
• Zoqhankqalazo, nokuba kwiminyaka nje amabini amaYiputa akwazi ukubeka kwimigca kazibuthe izitena ubunzima iyonke iitoni ezingama-3, yaye ukuze egqibeleleyo. Izitena enye ngokubekwa wathabatha malunga 5 imizuzu. Kwaye ukuba Ucinga ukuba ukuphakama iphiramidi esikhulu, ngoko loo ukuholwa.

Ungafumana nokuba imibuzo emininzi ezivelayo ngokunxulumene kwinguqulelo nganye imbonakalo iiphiramidi, kodwa kuhlala kungekho naziphi na iimpendulo obucacileyo nobuyinyaniso.

umlingo ezenziwe

Igama kaFaro owakha iphiramidi iphezulu - KHUFU, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba Cheops, yaye igama efanayo isakhiwo. Iphiramidi iyabamangalisa ngokobukhulu bayo, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba zokwakha wayo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Yohluka kwabanye iiphiramidi layout ngayo yayo engaqhelekanga, kodwa eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba emnyango yomzimba wakhe kaFaro kwafunyanwa khona. Oku kuvela lo mbuzo: ngokuba kubani kwaye yintoni injongo yayakhiwe?

Ngoku phantse Akukhathaliseki xa kwakhiwa Pyramid Great, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo iqukiwe kuluhlu imisebenzi ezisixhenxe ehlabathini.

Kuphela imilinganiso sele onomtsalane ukuyila umntu namhlanje, yaye oku xa ucinga ukuba kule minyaka amawaka idlulileyo iye yaba ngaphantsi. izazinzulu Modern kuthathwa kuphela olinganise yephiramidi, njengoko emancamini kuyo sachithwa yi amaYiputa iimfuno zabo.

Nazi iinkcukacha malunga nale iphiramidi:

• Ngoku ke ukuphakama malunga 138 eemitha, kodwa ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ekupheleni kokwakhiwa kwale nani yaba amanqaku-11 ngaphezulu.
• Fundam imilo rhoqo square, ubude ngalinye icala kweemitha 230.
• Le ndawo iyonke yile iphiramidi, 5.4 hectares, okt oko ibekwe ngokukhululekileyo ngaphezu ezintlanu ezinkulu iitempile mihla.
• Ubude lilonke kujikelezo isiseko kweemitha 922.

Kukho nenye into umdla: umzimba ngaphandle yi vee rough ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo. Ukuba ujonga nabo kwinkalo ethile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwahlula umfanekiso lomntu liphuma malunga 150 eemitha. Ngokutsho kwezinye uqikelelo, ngoko ke amaYiputa ezotywe omnye oothixo bamandulo. imizobo ezinjalo, kukho ezininzi. Ngelasentla icala kukho umfanekiso bomfazi nendoda, ngubani iintloko zawo omnye komnye.

Izazinzulu uthambekele bakholelwa ukuba la manani abakhi isicelo phambi ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa, kodwa akukacaci ukuba, nokuba kutheni, ukuba kwipleyiti engaphandle, nto leyo ihonjiswe iphiramidi ukufihla kuzo?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zininzi kangakanani kwiminyaka eyadlulayo wakha Pyramid Enkulu, kodwa ngaphakathi yahluke kakhulu ukusuka abanye. Kukho iivesi, okunokuba zombini phezulu phantsi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo lokuqala uya ezantsi, uze emva koko Wazityanda zibe imigudu ezimbini - enye leyo ekhokelela emngcwabeni camera engagqitywanga phantsi, kwaye eyesibini - Gallery elikhulu neliphezulu. Ukususela kule galari uyakwazi ukuya kwigumbi engundoqo kunye Lingcwaba Queen.

Xa kanye ezantsi iphiramidi zifumaneka izakhiwo eziliqela komhlaba. Kwelinye izazinzulu bakwazi ukufumana umkhombe yakudala, leyo ibe liqhuma kwi inxalenye 1224 ye rook yomsedare. Ubude malunga 43 m. Mhlawumbi, kule sakhiwo uFaro wayezimisele ukuya kungena ebukumkanini kwabafileyo.

A iphiramidi of Cheops?

Iphiramidi kaFaro KHUFU yakhiwa malunga 2560 BC, kodwa kaninzi umbuzo othi: ingaba oko kwakhiwa kuye? Icala uyolo bathandabuze ukuba emva kokuvulwa umzimba kaFaro kwafunyanwa khona, kwakungekho imihombiso egumbini yokungcwaba.

umzimba Sarcophagus yaba kwimo engagqitywanga: amatye, ndoxelelwa ngubani ophindwe, isiciko engekhoyo.

Ezi data ukunika kuphela amarhamente ezinye imvelaphi komhlaba of iiphiramidi ukuqinisekisa ukuba bemeko- kwezi zakhiwo enkulu kunye unique babengabameli impucuko komhlaba, yaye yiloo nto kanye into endiyenzileyo engacacanga.

Ngemfumba ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo

Igama kaFaro owakha iphiramidi liphezulu, uyazi, kodwa, izakhiwo ezinkulu ezo encinane kakhulu. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukongeza ukusetyenziswa yephiramidi njengokuba engcwabeni, kwaba sekunjalo: indawo owayeze izithethe ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo. Ngokutsho kwezinye izimvo, amaYiputa nje ezinganqweneli ukuba inkcubeko yabo iye zitshone wathi shwaka, efana nabanye abaninzi, yaye ngoncedo izibonelelo ezilolu wanika ingcaciso engabo inzala.

Pyramids ugqibelele kanye le njongo, njengoko waziwa nje kuphela ifomu yayo, kodwa amandla eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu. Hi ndlela leyi, malunga ubungakanani izazinzulu iiphiramidi nabo iingcamango zabo.

Bakholelwa ukuba izibonelelo zincinane kakhulu ngobukhulu musa imbeko uFaro, kodwa isakhiwo omkhulu usuke nje imali ngokwaneleyo. Ivela lo mbono ukuxoxa ulwakhiwo ubungakanani yephiramidi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zemali umthamo yobuncwane.

Kodwa kukho abo bathi kuphela ifomu kodwa ubukhulu wayengekho ngengozi. Oku kuyinxalenye nokwazi ukuqonda ukuba sinako ukuqonda ubucukubhede wendalo iphela neplanethi yethu enkulukazi.

Akukhathaliseki nokuba umba zibonakaliswe ukwakha indlela iiphiramidi, kodwa la maziko umdla inani elikhulu labakhenkethi ngonyaka ngamnye ukuya eYiputa. Ishishini babakhenkethi ngomnye wemimandla engundoqo, kuwuzalisileyo mali karhulumente.

Kwaye umntu kuthathwa kuphela ukuba nkqu iimpendulo ezichanileyo kwimibuzo efana xa kwakhiwa Pyramid Enkulu, ziza kugcinwa kuyimfihlo kakhulu ngabasemagunyeni ukuze kuphulukana isibheno kunye imfihlelo abakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke.

Sinako ayilungise kuphela phezulu oko kuye wathi: Nabani na Wakhela yobuciko giant imilo ekhethekileyo, oko ngokwenene umdali lenene, umsebenzi wakhe wenza iingqondo yabantu kucola kwi ekucombululeni le mfihlakalo.