Apho wayehlala ekhaya Ermak? Apho ke uqhoqhoqho Ermak?

Kokoyiswa eSiberia ngu Yermak - yinto isenzo ngokobubanzi bawo ukuba kuthelekiswa kuphela kokoyiswa Melika ngu Hernan Cortes. Noko ke, ukuba umnqobi odumileyo iSpanish, unako ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi buqu malunga nobomi isikhulu Russian awuyazi iinyaniso ezimbalwa, yaye oko kakhulu impikiswano.

kwazalelwa Ermak

Njengoko yaziwa, ekoyiswa eSiberia waye ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ngelishwa, ngexesha sisiganeko efana usana kwintsapho umlimi, ngokuqhelekileyo andifumananga naluphi uxwebhu vangama. Ayimangalisi into yokuba namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba uza kuphendula ngqo umbuzo othi: "Uphi umkhaya Ermak ngexesha lokuzalwa?" Ezinye iinkcukacha kule mpikiswano kwi Cherepanovsky irekhodi, echaza indlela isikhulu uyisemkhulu yamnceda "Abantu angamaqhawe" Murom, apho wafakwa entolongweni, yaye intsapho yakhe kuhlala ngamafa Stroganoff. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi badla ngokuba madolw 'ukuze uthembe oku ngqangi, ingakumbi ekubeni kubonakala ukuba abalobi coachman abanobuchule ukusuka Tobolsk iikulya Cherepanov. Olunye uxwebhu - "The Tale of the YaseSiberia Land" - njengendawo apho wawuhlala Ermak kudala ngaphambi kokuba azalwe, ibonisa Suzdal. Ngaphezu koko, ngo yemihla etha ukuba utatomkhulu wakhe noonyana bakhe, omnye wabo igama uTimoti, wafudukela Yuryevets-Povolsky, apho waba abazukulwana ezintlanu, kuquka Basil. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi "Legend", oko kamva lo mfana ukuba umnqobi eSiberia.

version Pomeranian ngemvelaphi Ataman

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba umbuzo apho behlala Ermak, kufuneka iphendulwe: "Kwidolophana Borok Arkhangelsk Region". Kuba olu guqulelo lwe igama lokwenyani isikhulu yaba Ermolai okanye Yermil, yaye ufanele iVolga, ezama ukubaleka indlala ukuba obujikeleze ilizwe xa North Russian. Kukho umfana bengangenanga i "chury" (umkhonzi-sasebukhosini) ukuya Cossack abadala, yaye ukususela 1563 baqalisa ukuya imi.

Ubomi phambi uhambo Ermak Siberia

Ulwazi kuphela nenokuthenjwa malunga biography isikhulu phambi imbonakalo yakhe emazweni Stroganov - ziinkumbulo abasebenzisana Cossacks. Ngokukodwa, amagqala ababini baye babonisa ukuba bachitha ebutsheni babo kwinkonzo iVolga kwiilali phantsi umnqobi eSiberia. Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo yendawo awayehlala apho Ermak malunga 1565, unokuphendulwa, ukuba kummandla iVolga yaye sele yinkokeli. Oku kuthetha ukuba lo gama nje kungekho ngaphantsi kwe engama-20. Ulwazi oluninzi malunga sezakhiwo iingalo ezigcinwe Ermak. Umzekelo, ileta evela kwingqwayi-ngqwayi isixeko Lithuanian ka Mogilev uKumkani Stefan Batory ungabona ukuba inxaxheba kwi Livonian War njengoko Lieutenant Cossack kwaye wahlukile xa singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba Mogilev. Kamva, iyunithi wakhe wanceda Khvorostinin bawavale phambi kokuba balwa. Ke ukuba umfazi nabantwana Ermak eyayikho, ngoko akukho kukhankanywa kubo ayifumaneki kwi nawuphi na umthombo.

Ermak Stroganoff

Ngowe-1582, abarhwebi odumileyo Stroganov wamenyelwa yenkonzo Cossack zokucima, eziquka 540 Cossacks. Inkokheli yabo yaba isikhulu Ermak, leyo nokuba xesha udumo njengegorha nokuthembeka kunye nomphathi obalaseleyo. Injongo yale Stroganoff wayeza ukukhusela kumazwe babo ekuhlaseleni yi nabaphumi-Siberian Khan Kuchum. Amajoni bafika kwiidolophu Chusovskye ehlotyeni 1582 waza wahlala apho de ngoSeptemba, waza ke waya kulwa ukuze ibhanti yamatye, ngaloo mihla wabizwa i phambene kwiiNtaba. Kukho iingxelo Stroganoff "wazivulela ucango amadoda omkhosi oovimba babo," kwaye kuzo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze uhambo.

Ekoyiswa eSiberia

Njengokuba host isithuthi Ermak Struga kusetyenziswa. Zonke Cossacks ke iinqanawa 80 ukuba bahamba uhambo abantu 840 beentlanga ezahlukeneyo. Emva ekuphumeni emanzini Kwathi Tagil, Ermak wanyanzeleka ukuba tsala ngapha emhlabeni Struga Zheravlya uyarhuqeka emlanjeni andule ukufumana ukuba le Tobol, ngasechwebeni apho edabini kwenzeka ngewaxa Siberian Khan Kuchum. Emva kokuba ndiphumelele edabini, i Cossacks wasithimba isixeko Kashlyk. Emva koko avume Ermak baqalisa ukufika abameli abantu bomthonyama, leyo Ataman "wadibana ngobubele" kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafunge ukuwugqalela le tsar Russian. Ngowe-1582 wathunyelwa Ivanu Groznomu enye oogxa babo ngeendaba ezilungileyo ekoyiswa eSiberia. Ukumkani yavuya iindaba waza wathumela Yermak izipho etyebileyo 300 namadoda omkhosi sindisa. Empi bafika eSiberia ekwindla ka-1583. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha ithamsanqa wemka isikhulu, abaninzi yeenjengele yayo babulawa kusiliwa naye imfazwe, nangezinto.

Apho batshoniswe Ermak: batshelwa Cossacks

Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, isikhulu yodumo sele umntu ngokufanelekileyo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ngoko kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba imfazwe yokugqibela umkhosi Cossacks Kuchum ngokomyalelo uBhishophu Tobolsk Kipriyano wancinwa waza yambuza lokusinda okwelo Ermak. Ukongeza, ukuba anike ubungqina kunye AmaTatar wayesilwa izintlu khan.

Ukuba hlanganisa zonke izibakala enikezelwa okuzibonela, lo mfanekiso ulandelayo kuvela: imfazwe yokugqibela kwenzeka pommel Vagayskoy apho Cossacks bamisa. Benza "kwamalengalenga" palatki- kwi elunxwemeni Irtysh River, musa ukuba kude namakhuba zabo, apho igorha ngamnye indawo yayo kwaye ingaya yayo. Ngobo busuku, isaqhwithi kwavuka, ngoko kwecala Kuchum ikwazile abamangali. Ngaphandle koku uninzi Cossacks abanokuba iinqanawa zabo iseyile. ubambene Further ziqale imithombo ebhaliweyo. Ngokukodwa, ngendlela uxwebhu ngaphambili, ebhaliweyo evela amazwi amaxhoba amagqala imikhosi Ermak, lubonise ukuba ziyandingcikiva ngokwakhe isikhulu, yaphosa kangangesandla elincinane abahlobo, yaye ngokwabo ahamba yomlo kwi Strugi. Noko enye ingcaciso equlathwe kwiirekhodi sinodialnoy ukuba amadikoni kade, kwaye apho unokufunda ngazo ukuba onke Cossacks wathabatha ekufeni kunye Ermak, waza wabaleka omnye kuphela kwabo, wathetha malunga ekubulaleni kwecala.

ukufa Ermak kunye namazwi nangezinto

Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba ulwazi malunga isikhulu wafa ngamaza kwi Irtysh Vagayskoy izaphetha ifumaneka kuphela ukurekhodwa eyenziwe amazwi nangezinto. In, amajoni amaninzi ethile yangaphambili Khan Kuchum wayesithi ukuba Ermak nangoku woyisa abahlaseli ezama ukufumana ukuhamba iinqanawa Cossack yazika. Kulo mzekelo, akukho ngxelo ibonisa ukuba ngelo mzuzu kwi Ataman isikrweqe.

Kumabali umnqobi eSiberia

Njengoko ubomi kunye nokufa isikhulu omkhulu kwinkulungwane edluleyo ifumene oluninzi iintsomi. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ntsomi echazwe ngasentla erhoxisiweyo umfazi Ermak. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngokwesithethe Cossack, xa Tatar Murza Sargachskoy kumarhamente, abanqwenela ukucweya Ermak, wamsa inkampu intombi yakhe entle, waza wacela ukuba abe ngumfazi wakhe. Nangona kunjalo Ataman bazitshitshisela iyanikela kwaye wathumela ekhayeni lakhe. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ibali imeyile chain, kuthiwa wanikela Ermaku Ivan i esibi waza waba ngunobangela wokufa hero. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali-mbali, kwanokuba isikhulu waba emazantsi Irtysh River ngenxa isikrweqe enzima, babengakwazi kuba isipho sokumkani.

Imbali - incwadi obungayi konakala esibhaliweyo ekupheleni. Ngaphezu koko, it has a lot of kumaphepha amhlophe angenza i yeziphanda ngocoselelo izinto. Ukuba ngeny 'imini babe nako ukufumanisa apho wawuhlala Ermak, okanye enoba ziya kukwazi ukuba usixelele ukuba naziphi na izinto ezinomdla kakhulu ngokuphathelele ukuba ungubani hero yesizwe Russia, owaphumelela ngenxa izwe lakhe babeziindleko ezinkulu eSiberia.