Assembly wabavoti woluntu (1917). INdibano neqela luka

Emva kokuba February Revolution kunye ukubhukuqwa monarchical Russia ukumkani iye safudukela imo "republic". Government lwethutyana (i-bazibize abasemagunyeni abatsha) ukuze athwale wonke umthwalo webhodi ngokwayo. Ngelo xesha, nentaphane amaqela ogama abalandeli kunye nokubeka phambili iprogram ngakumbi hlengiso ngurhulumente apparatus. Ukuze senze ukhetho onesidima, uRhulumente Provisional Ihlela kwiNdibano neqela. Ngowe-1917, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yaba waduma ehlabathini ephithizelayo enkulu amalungiselelo esi siganeko. Ke kaloku kulo nyaka yabamba ivoti layo lokuqala. Uninzi party ihloniphekile:

- mbuso;

- kwiBolsheviks;

- the Mensheviks;

- kabini.

Unyulo ukuya kwiNdibano neqela ngo-1917 kwaqala amalungiselelo.

Amalungiselelo ukhetho

Ekulungiseleleni abameli zonke ezikhoyo ngexesha amaqela kunye yonke imibutho. Umatshini wokushicilela ukuvelisa ushicilelo runs ezinkulu iincwadi, amaphetshana, iipowusta iphulo kunye nezinye izinto. Ezitalatweni lwenziwa uphando abemi-based. Kwakhona yabamba imiboniso ezahlukeneyo ukuqhelanisa abantu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yalo okanye qela.

Lo msitho ithembisa ukuba lwentando yesininzi. Nguwuphi na kwaba ngoku kuBukhosi Russian. Okubhalisa abe ngummi engama-20 okanye umntu ukukhonza nomkhosi xa eneminyaka engama-18. Kwakhona, kunyulo ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini. Sasiyintoni ezintsha singafani eRashiya, kodwa kumazwe amaninzi. Ezi nketho baba Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, yaye ezinye States of America, apho abafazi baye bazibiza amalungelo alinganayo kunye namadoda.

ivoti

INdibano neqela unyulo 1917 zaye zabanjwa kulo abangabavoti eziliqela, ezo ilizwe leyo. quota palamente lwabelwe ngomlinganiselo omnye kubantu elinamanci mabini amawaka. Ngaphandle Mhlawumbi ukuba eSiberia. Apho ubalo kuthwalelwa phandle umntu ngenxa yezizathu omnye-on-, anekhulu elinamanci asixhenxe-anesithoba amawaka abantu.

Umgaqo ukulingana, nto leyo luphawu ukuba ukukhethwa leNdibano neqela ngowe-1917, sele abolekwe ukusuka lithanda. Kwaye ke iphambili phawu sale nkqubo, oko kwakucingwa ukuba, ngaphandle kwinkoliso, nkqu okuvunyelwe igcuntswana labantu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga elinambini izithili kunye Uphawu ukuba kwahlelwa kwizithili ezincinane kwinkqubo majoritarian unyulo.

I neqela INdibano unyulo ngo-1917 ezazibanjwe ngoNovemba. Esi siganeko yathatha kungekho ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu.

iziphumo zonyulo

Ekupheleni zonyulo kwiNdibano neqela ngowe-1917 iziphumo yabonisa ukuba le SRs phambili abafumana malunga ne-50% ye-kuvotwe. E yesibini indawo zazibhalwe kwiBolsheviks. ipesenti yawo kwivoti yaye ingadluli 25 Ngomhla emhlabeni asezantsi le Mensheviks kunye kabini.

Iivoti Iyonke malunga 44.5 yezigidi zabantu.

Ukungabikho yeCadet Party

I iiBolsheviks, phantsi koxinzelelo uluntu aluthinteli ukuhlalwa unyulo kwiNdibano neqela ngowe-1917, kodwa lahluleka apho. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa kanti inani sikhuphisana zabo, ukuba bayikhuphe umthetho, kamva siphunyeziwe yi-CPC kwaye isixelela ukuba yeCadet Party - iqela iintshaba zabantu. Emva koko, lo kabini zabandezwa amagunya abo.

Emva koko, ke phantsi ekubanjweni nokubulawa. Ukubanceda ukuba bafune ukuza Ekhohlo SRs, kodwa CPC lenqaba wamalela ukuba benze njalo, wayebhekisela abamisa efanayo. emva kokuba ebulewe Kokoshkin - inkokeli yeCadet Party. Assembly abamelwe (1917) kwenzeka ngaphandle ebusweni kabini. Ngaphandle Kokoshkin, ngobo wadutyulwa Shingaryov nosekela - inkokeli siseko Democratic Party.

Chithwa ngolunya yeNdibano neqela, okanye "Unogada edinwe"

Emva uthotho impindezelo nxamnye iinkokeli namanye amaqela, kwiBolsheviks wenza ingxelo ngokuvakalayo kwiphephandaba. Iphephandaba "PRAVDA" ngexesha byela nathi iinkcukacha malunga nemisebenzi namasekela, amalungu eNdibano neqela (1917). Ngo-Russia, kweli phephandaba uyavuya kakhulu ukuthandwa. Ndamangaliswa xa isicelo iinkokeli yamaBolshevik yapapashwa kulo, basabisa ukubethelela amandla akhe amanyathelo olululo, ukuba ikhona, akayi kwamkelwa kule ntlanganiso.

Kodwa kwabanjwa intlanganiso. isibhengezo uLenin kaThixo "Abasebenzi" kwaye asikazifumani ingqalelo ekhokelele ekubeni kwiBolsheviks umkile ngelixa lesithathu lobusuku i Tauride Palace, apho intlanganiso yaso yabanjwa kanye. Emva kweyure, ilandelwe yi-umhlala kunye Left SRs. Esiseleyo Usihlalo emcimbini Chernov, ekhethiweyo ngevoti yesininzi, wathabatha amaxwebhu anxulumene:

- kumhlaba njengoko ngomthetho kwipropati yoluntu;

- thethwano kunye namandla alwayo;

- kwamiselwa naseRussia njengohlobo republic lwentando yesininzi.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi maxwebhu khange zamkelwe iiBolsheviks. Ngaphezu koko, ngosuku olulandelayo, akukho namnye namabamba; ke walawula zange ungeniswe kwi Tauride Palace. Lenza lonke ibandla saa yi nomatiloshe-anarchist Zheleznyakov ngala mazwi: "Ndiza kufuneka ayeke yokuhlangana, unogada uyadinwa kwaye ufuna ndilale." Eli binzana waba imbali.

imiphumela

Nam unyulo ngenxa amasekela okanye kokubizwa INdibano neqela ngowe-1917 weza ilothe nto. Yonke into sele kugqitywe kwiBolsheviks. Intlanganiso enye kakhulu wamkelwa kubo iinjongo umboniso.

izenzo ngakumbi nxaxheba ntlanganiso kangaka idale imeko ye revolution kweli lizwe.

Ngaphandle kokuba amaqela lasekunene-iphiko kwiNdibano neqela ziye zavalwa, injongo yesicwangciso-intshukumo White yaba kokubizwa entsha ukuhlalwa yeNdibano neqela, kodwa asinguye lowo wayeka nomatiloshe Zhelezniak. Ukusukela lokuqala (ukuba nayo yokugqibela), iNdibano neqela ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo iiBolsheviks.