Xa cars yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya?

Xa cars yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya? Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka siqonde imbono yintoni imoto.

Yintoni na le imoto

Igama elithi "ngemoto" iquka iinxalenye ezimbini. "Auto" - ke imvelaphi lesiGrike, lithetha "self" yaye "ukuhamba" kusho Latin "iintshukumo".

Kubonakala ukuba le moto - kuba sisixhobo elinokushukuma ngokuzimeleyo. Oko kukuthi, esi sakhiwo kufuneka ube uyakwazi motor eyakhe - umphunga, igesi, yombane, ipetroli, idizili - enoba oko, nje ukuba bayisebenzise ukuguqula ivili. Ngoko ke, imoto yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya ngexesha xa ceba isakhiwo zomkroli, nako ukuhamba ngaphandle koncedo horse ibambelele kunye neenzame umntu dystrophy yakhe.

Ukanti izinyanya zoshishino lweemoto yasekhaya kufuneka ozakuthathwa "lefties 'Russian ngubani kunyanzeleka ukuba yoyilo zabo ngaphandle inxaxheba amahashe, hayi ngabo kungaba okungalungile.

Ngemvelaphi Ushishino lweemoto yasekhaya

Imbali imoto yokuqala Russian waqala November 1, 1752 eSt Petersburg. Kukho waboniswa kuqala buyo ezine-ezinamavili, nto leyo wakwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle koncedo ngamahashe kunye nezinye izilwanyana uyilo. Yaba indlela yentsimbi a bunikwa kwisenzeko ngoncedo amasango enzelwe ngokukodwa kunye nemizamo dystrophy womntu omnye. Le buyo ntli, ukongeza kumqhubi, abanye abakhweli ababini yaye ngaloo ndlela bafudukela ngesantya-15 km / h. Umenzi kumatshini yaba serf-wafundisa eziqhelekileyo, babehlala kummandla Nizhny Novgorod - Shamshurenkov Leonty Lukyanovich. Wadala indlela, Kakade, mayingabi sakhululwa ingqalelo imoto, kodwa loo nto akubanga inqwelo.

sikufutshane eziqhelekileyo kuthi umbono imoto yaba umyili Russian Ivan Petrovich Kulibin.

crew Kulibina

Isakhiwo, wasungula Kulibin kwakuba isisu semoto amathathu enamavili apho isihlalo umkhweli kabini sele ifakiwe. Umqhubi ngokwakhe, eyamisa emva Hlala waba koxinzelelo ithuba nimambathe iiphedali ezimbini, ezinxulumene ujikelezo balo matshinana yevili. Crew Kulibina ngakumbi ephawuleka equlathe phantse zonke izinto ebalulekileyo yoyilo isithuthi elizayo, yaye nguye kuqala kusetyenziswa ekutshintsheni buyo amagiya bakhe, elekhtrons isixhobo, i iibheringi kunye kwevili.

Ukuvela imoto yokuqala eRashiya

Ngowe-1830, K. Yankevich yayingubani inkosi esivunyiweyo leMicimbi liso, kunye abancedisi bakhe ndawonye "Bystrokat" - a self-ngokwaso umatshini ohlatyiweyo nge injini. I-injini waba isixhobo isekelwe loyilo leeyunithi amandla umphunga I. I. Polzunova, ME Cherepanov and P. K. Frolova. Njengoba kubaswa, ngokutsho umsunguli, oko kwenziwa wamalahle pine.

Uyilo yaba ivili enophahla nqwelo, elibonelela, ukongeza isithuba ukuba umqhubi, yaye kwelinye igumbi zabakhweli.

Nangona kunjalo, lo mshini ngumsina kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuyisebenzisa. Ngoko ke, uyilo kumatshini kwaba bangazinzi. Noko ke, yaba imoto zazingenela eRashiya, nto leyo ngokwenene kungathathwa umatshini ngokwenene esingazihambeliyo nge injini.

Yimbonakalo injini ukuba ingasebenza ku zepetroli, ngaphandle umfutho uphuhliso oluqhubekayo izithuthi, njengoko yena lowo, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo compact kakhulu, inokuba ngumthombo ukuzisa izithuthi elizayo.

Iimoto yokuqala kunye iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi eRashiya

Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali-mbali nabaphandi, imoto kuqala nge injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi yakhiwa ngo-1882 kwidolophu encinane iVolga. Ababhali imishini iinjineli kunye Putilov Hlobil. Noko ke, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, ngokuthembekileyo ukuqinisekisa oku, ngoko yafunyanwa kwaye kwakungenjalo. Ngoko ke, kukholelwa ukuba iimoto kakhulu yokuqala eRashiya, mayixhotyiswe iinjini lulwelo-fuel uvela kwamanye amazwe aphesheya.

Ngowe-1891 Vasily Navorotskim, ndandisebenza ngumhleli enye ndaba Odessa eRashiya amazwe imoto French "Panhard Levassor." Kubonakala ukuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala emotweni lethu kwilizwe ipetroli wabona abahlali Odessa.

Phambi uBukhosi Russian, ikomkhulu ngenkqubela ngohlobo iimoto ipetroli wayeneminyaka-4 kuphela kamva. August 9, 1895 St. Petersburg wabona petrol wokuqala umatshini self-ngokwaso. Kamva, ezimbalwa lezi zimoto zasiwa ingqukuva.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukuvela imifuziselo elizweni kurhwebo lwehlabathi wamtyhala ngenxa amanyathelo kunye iinjineli design zasekhaya.

imoto Russia kuqala nge injini yokutsha

Ngo-1896 kwi-Nizhny Novgorod zomboniso zokubukela yaqaliswa imoto ngokupheleleyo ibandla zasekhaya, mayixhotyiswe injini ipetroli. Le moto igama "Car Frese and Yakovlev, 'imbeko abathungi zabo - E. A. Yakovleva and P. A. Freze. Yakovlev Isityalo ivelisa kugqithiso injini ukuze imoto. Semoto, amavili kunye umzimba ngokwawo eziveliswa kule mveliso Frese. Noko ke, asimele sinokuthi imbonakalo imoto Russian yaba wobuchule kuphela lenjineli zezixhobo Russian.

imodeli Western ukuba imoto Russian

Kungenzeka, Frese kunye Yakovlev ukuvelisa kumatshini bakhe basebenzise amava German umyili Benz, kwaye umgangatho wasiwa ngemoto yakhe "Benz Victoria", nto andifumana ngokundwendwela lo Mboniso ka-1893 e Chicago, apho wabonisa, njengoko eyakhayo yayo yimbonakalo imoto zasekhaya sifana kakhulu kwisampula waseJamani.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka ahlawule irhafu ukuya iinjineli Russian, imoto ayikho ikopi ngokupheleleyo-owned le umfuziselo langaphandle. Semoto, umzimba kunye imoto zasekhaya powertrain ziye ngcono kakhulu, leyo accentuated koonondaba ixesha, ngokusondeleyo ngomkhondo zamvanje eziqhubekayo ezifunyaniswe entsimini nezi.

Ibhalwe parameters oomatshini zasekhaya, kwakunye imizobo, akukho nto zombini. Zonke izigwebo wemoto ngokusekelwe osele ukususela ngelo xesha, iinkcazelo kunye namafoto. Enyanisweni, wona akwaziwa ukuba bangaphi zaveliswa kuzo zonke koomatshini kolu ngcelele. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, aba iimoto yokuqala eRashiya, ukusuka apho ukuveliswa lothotho yeemoto Russian.

Le entanjeni ngenxa yokuqala zimoto petrol

Imbali emotweni, ziqokelelwe Frese kunye neqabane lakhe, ngokukhawuleza yaphela. Ngowe-1898, zenjneli usomashishini Yakovlev wafa, ukuba, enyanisweni, yaba ekuqaleni ngokugqibeleleyo kumazibulo Ushishino lweemoto yasekhaya. Ukufa umngane Frese kunyanzeleka ukuba bathenge iinjini iimoto kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo, Kakade ke, disadvantageous kakhulu kuye. Ngowe-1910, wathengisa yonke imveliso esekwe Russian-Baltic zalapho.

Noko ke, into yokuba iimoto yokuqala imveliso yasekhaya Russian zaye bebulela Yakovlev kunye Frese, ngonaphakade ebhaliwe kwimbali Ushishino lweemoto yasekhaya, ngokunjalo RBVZ yaba inyathelo elilandelayo kuphuhliso kwemveliso imoto Russian.

Russian-lweBaltic imoto mveliso (RBVZ)

I brand lokuqala Russian imoto ogama ngokusesikweni "Russo-Balt". Phantsi kwalo, unyaka phambi kokuba uthenge mveliso Frese, ngehlobo lika-1909, inkampani wavelisa imoto yokuqala imveliso yayo.

Cars sale brand zingqineke ngokwabo ngokuba bomelele yaye oluthembekileyo kakhulu, engqina impumelelo iimoto abathatha inxaxheba runs-elide umgama, ukhuphiswano imoto kunye nkqu awanalo ngamazwe. Apho-zabhala yokuba omnye iimoto, wakhululwa ngowe-1910 phantsi kophawu "C-24", sele idlule 80 lamawaka. Km ngaphandle breakdowns ezinkulu nolungiso iminyaka 4 msebenzi. Nditsho egaraji komlawuli wabeka umyalelo imifuziselo emibini iimoto 1913, "K-12," yaye "C-24".

60% lwezithuthi yomkhosi Russian bezibandakanya koomatshini "Russo-Balt". Ngaphezu koko, isityalo ezithengiweyo iimoto nje kuphela, kodwa chassis ukusetyenziswa iimoto vehicles.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba phantse iindawo zonke, amacandelo kunye neendlela zesityalo awayeyenza wayo. Amazwe kuthengwa amavili emoto kuphela, iibheringi ibhola, yaye eqhutywa oyile.

RBVZ uvelise iimoto ezininzi, yaye ngaphakathi ngamnye kubo kwakukho interchangeability phantse epheleleyo kweeyunithi kunye ezithile.

Ngowe-1918 le nkampani uhulumeni yaye waqhubeka imbali yayo zombini isityalo vehicles.