Mortars Second World War - eSoviet Union kunye nesiJamani. Ukusebenzisa udaka ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. "Katyusha" - World War II ibumba

Mortars kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II baba zokudubula isixhobo ezinkulu ekwaziyo ukubabulala imigama emide emifutshane, naziphi na iindawo utshaba badubula. Ngenxa yokugcina yalo ufakelo ezahlukeneyo bodidi udaka, amaqela alwayo unokuyiphelisa nayiphi na imisebenzi yokulwa ngempumelelo.

Imbali yezixhobo zomkhosi

Emva ngo 1904 e wawalwela ePort Arthur amagosa Russian S. kunye L. Vlasevym Gotyabo wadalwa umpu zokudubula engaqhelekanga kunye ndiyindla elifutshane ngokohlobo ityhubhu. 47-mm gun yomkhosi wamanzi ibiya ezingena umlilo phezu kwiithagethi yotshaba. Range yokubaleka kwesibonelelo enjalo encinane, 400-500 kuphela mitha.

mortars Kamva iMfazwe Yehlabathi lokuQala yayisetyenziswa njengendlela eyiyo empini. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, yinto elikuvumela phambili waba isixhobo ukuloyisa. Mortars kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yazisa kwiinkathazo amajoni German.

Modern imilo ngodaka ngenxa yokuba kwisampula yokuqala Stokes designs. Le pipe-baphuma kwi ngenkxaso buyo bipedal ebambe kwipleyiti yesinyithi flat leyo damps phandle shot kungena emhlabeni.

Kwiminyaka nje embalwa ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe eJamani, urhulumente waseSoviet iye ngamandla kuqaliswa ngobuninzi imipu yesondlo zokudubula azibizi kwaye elula, ekholelwa ukuba oko kuya indawo inani lezixhobo zokudubula. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuye emsebenzini imveliso sokuqhumisa oluzenzekelayo umndululi Taubina ukuba xa uvavanyo Committe ngowe-1937 uye ngokwaso njengento lupwa obalaseleyo kwakuxhomekeke type izixhobo.

Nodaka-Umhlakulo ukuvuleka 37mm

Ngowe-1938, ingakumbi ngenxa iiyunithi nomkhosi kuphuhliswa ayisindi udaka 37mm abanjalo. Umbhali yeyunithi yokulwa waba M. G. Dyakonov, ukuba umyili odumileyo neziqhushumbisi kunye ezakhiwe zokudubula. Ngaphezu koko, baye phambili: isiqhushumbisi ngesandla RGD-33 umpu sokuqhumisa.

Xa iimeko endle, 37-mm nodaka unako kuthelekiswa nezi ziqhelekileyo nefolokhwe eqhelekileyo. Sokudubula olu hlobo isixhobo wenziwa Claymore zam. Ubhaptizo of udaka lomlilo Dyakonova wafumana kwiphulo eFinland.

Ngelishwa, ukuchaneka yezi zixhobo ngoluhlu eyashiya ukuba ezinqwenelekayo. Ngenxa nokusebenza eliphantsi 37-bodidi nodaka, kwagqitywa ekubeni ikhutshwe kwaye lisuswe Red Army. Kodwa ke ubomi wagqiba ngenye indlela. Ukusetyenziswa mortars kwesesibini World War 37 mm ukuvuleka wafumana isicelo sayo. Ubusika ka-1942, ngenxa inkxaso mortars umlilo Dyakonova, paratroopers ye-4 Air Corps parachuted e Vyazma kwindawo yesixeko ngempumelelo.

Ezona mpawu zokusebenza mortars ukuvuleka 37:

• Ukuvuleka guns - 37 mm.
• Weight - 2.4 kg.
• ezimayini Airspeed - 65-70 m / s.
• Ubuncinane Range - 60 m.
• Uluhlu lweentlobo moya wam ubuninzi - 250 m.
• ubunzima Projectile (imigodi) - 0.5 kg.

inkampani umba alimwi ngodaka 1938 no 1940. (Ukuvuleka 50 mm)

Imveliso lothotho inani le zokudubula yasungulwa kushishino wokhuselo yiSoviet ngo-1939. Umphuhlisi yi-credit bureau yoyilo yokulinga, elikhokelwa B. I. Shavyrinym. Ngokwalo, ibumba yomveleli kwi unxantathu. Umgqomo-pipe esweni umlilo bipod kunye nendlela ukunyusa ezibe kwelinye icala eli unxantathu, kwaye iqela wesithathu komgca wentelekelelo phakathi inkxaso kunye nompu buyo.

Features inkampani umphathi udaka 50mm ukuvuleka ku-1938:

• Ukuvuleka - 50 mm.
• Weight - 17 kg.
• ezimayini Airspeed - 95 m / s.
• Uluhlu liphezulu obethe - 800 m.
• Rate - ipali-32 ngomzuzu.
• ubunzima Projectile (imigodi) - 0.85 kg.

Kwixesha elizayo, uyilo kuye kwaphuculwa e KB VN Shamarina. Kwaye ngo-1940, kwakhululwa inguqulelo entsha ye-mm 50 udaka setting. Njengoko ka June 22, 1941-mm 50 guns nodaka zithandwa kwi Red Army, inani wabo wafika iiyunithi malunga nama-24 ezigidi. Ngakumbi zithandwa ezi mortars iMfazwe Yehlabathi Second akazange ukuyisebenzisa.

Ekupheleni kuka-1943 zinamacandelo encinane zomkhosi kusetyenziswa olu hlobo izixhobo. Isizathu kukuba uluhlu encinane lomlilo lafikelela eemitha 800 kuphela kude, nto leyo yenza izibalo nodaka kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kwizikhundla yotshaba. Ngenxa oku, iiyunithi zomkhosi wancipha ezininzi. Ezithandwa kakhulu olu hlobo ngodaka asetyenziswe ukufakelwa luqalile, lowo de ekupheleni kwemfazwe oko kusetyenziswa isixhobo yayo.

Ibutho 82 mm ibumba

Ngowe-1936 kuye kwamkelwa Red Army setup udaka kuphuhliswa iLeningrad SKB-4, phantsi kolwalathiso di Shavyrina. ubhaptizo kwakhe lomlilo 82-ezinga- nodaka kwabanjwa ngexesha iimfazwe kwi Khalkhin-, izibonakalise njengolona isixhobo ethembekileyo zomkhosi ekwaziyo ukubetha ekujoliswe utshaba ngomgama elide. Kwixa elizayo, ezi zahlulo zokudubula zaye yala maxesha.

Ngokomzekelo, iinguqulelo ezintsha ze-82 mm udaka wabonakala qho ngonyaka yonke imisebenzi zomkhosi. Le mortars angels Wakhonza ngokuthembeka iminyaka emininzi ezayo. Nam usebenze kanzima amajoni eSoviet ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo.

ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo mortars kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi eli bodidi kwakuthetha ukuba babe ngere- kukho inguqulelo okulula nodaka "Itreyi" ye kwisampula 1981.

izikhali Wehrmacht

kwimigodi German iMfazwe Yehlabathi II for mortars owenziwe calibres ezahlukeneyo, njengoko ukulwa yokugcina njengodaka izityalo Wehrmacht waba kokulungiswa - mm-50 ze-mm 81 iisampulu-1936 no-1932 ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngokuba ezinye iinkcukacha mortars Wehrmacht njengabongamileyo noogxa babo eSoviet. Ayizange kunceda imikhosi yaseJamani ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ophambili - ukuze aphumelele emfazweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba mortars iMfazwe German Yehlabathi II wayithimba ukuvuleka 81 zasetyenziswa yi nomkhosi, yaye emva uloyiso. Hi ndlela leyi, ukuya ku-1955.

Irula mortars angels

Into yokuba i-Red Army, bekukho amandla nanto izixhobo, amaJamani bafunda ekuqaleni imfazwe.

ukulwa unit jet mortars yokuqala phantsi Captain Flerov kubethwa elikhulu ukuya kwisikhululo Orsha ezingundoqo July 14, 1941. Ngokutsho ubungqina amaxhoba amaNazi, kwisiphambuka kaloliwe wawa a firestorm ngokwenene. mortars pack jet wambetha oonokrwece nje, kwaye wafaka kunye sigade. Amagosa German namajoni watshisa emhlabeni phantsi kweenyawo zabo.

Udaba kwi "Katyusha" odumileyo nangoko asasazwe kuzo ngaphambili. Sasisazi ngayo kwaye ngasemva. Mines for mortars iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesibini wenza lonke elo lizwe. Isaci esinye abantu ababehlala: "Yonke into kuba ngaphambili, yonke into uloyiso."

Secret "Katyusha" - World War II ibumba

Umthetho olusisiseko Guards mortars - yomsebenzi efihlakeleyo yezikhundla yokulwa. Movement kuphela ngemini enamafu okanye ebusuku, ukuze utshaba ayikwazanga ukubona. Kwi imeko bume njengoko kwakucingwa. imoto nganye yayiveliswa, ekhalime incinane zezityalo capture kufuneka zisenokuqhushumba. Kwaba phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, umthetheli wafa Flyorova ibhetri kunye mkhosi yawo.

Ngowe-1942, amaJamani wakwazi ukuba ingaxuthi ngumatshini wokulwa, kodwa isixhobo, njenge "Katyusha", kodwa abakhange baphumelele. kushishino zomkhosi Soviet esoloko ukwandisa imveliso mortars izidubuli.

Allied Help

Ukususela nge-1943 mortars ngexabiso eSoviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wabekwa kuphela ngelori zasekhaya ZIS-6 qha itrekta STZ-5, kodwa wafumana ngaphantsi Faka-zengqeshiso-kwendlela izithuthi "Ford", "Austin" yaye "Studebaker." Lenzelwe ukuba 'Katyusha "kunye iimbumbulu entsha.

Ngokukodwa, ezi izindululi rocket ufumene enkulu oonokrwece-300 nawethu. Baye Wayefuna ukuba izakhiwo sokuzikhusela kakuhle enqatyisiweyo. Njengomgaqo, "Katyusha" hit the izikwere. Noko ke, kwakukho amatyala xa izindululi kwakufuneka kusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo.

Imfazwe beziko ezidolophini

Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni Vistula-ekhubekisayo ukuba atyhudise iindonga kwimitha-8 Poznanskaya kwinqaba iShushan ityala projectiles amandla eliphezulu izindululi ezityikitywe phezu komlilo ngqo. Beqhumisa ibanga "Katyusha" yaba iikhilomitha ezine ezinesiqingatha, kwaye ngaxa-ungenanto uluhlu - omnye kuphela. Sokudubula kumgama ezincinane nje akunakwenzeka.

Noko ke, abalindi-minomotchiki likwazile ukuqhelana isixhobo esinamandla ukulwa esitalatweni. Ukusuka eMoscow ku Berlin Guards "Katyusha" - ngesingqusho kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II - iye yathath 'inxaxheba yonke imisebenzi zomkhosi.

Ekupheleni imfazwe yaba BM-13 nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi. I salute lokuqala lwaseburhulumenteni kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kwaba ngoAgasti 1943, emva kokuba ukukhululwa Orel kunye Belgorod. Waba intlokoma le volleys zokuqala "Katyusha" ngoJulayi 1941.

anika umdla

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba mortars ukususela Second World War nje kuphela kutshatyalaliswa ekujoliswe emhlabeni.

Ngowe-1942, ebudeni wawalwela Sevastopol Junior uLieutenant Vladimir Simonok hit ngqo ukusuka ngesingqusho 82 mm shot phantsi a isiJamani "Junkers" flying phezu indawo amabutho Soviet. Yaba isiganeko kuphela IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, xa udaka wabetha ukubalwa kumatshini yotshaba umoya. Ngeli abulale uLieutenant fantastic Vladimir Polikarpovich Simonku imbasa isihloko Hero eSoviet Union. Ngelishwa, elinye wabulawa elifanayo 1942, akhusela Sevastopol.

Statistics ukulwa

Kunika umdla ukuthelekisa, xa kukho umyinge mortars zakhutshwa Soviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. Ngoko ke amanani:

• United States yakhupha kwixesha ukususela ngoJulayi 1940 ukuya Julayi 1945 malunga 111 lamawaka iiyunithi izixhobo zomkhosi.
• kushishino British ukukhusela lonke ixesha, kwaye oku GG 1939-1944., Sikhutshwa 97 amawaka izixhobo zokudubula kule klasi.
• Germany ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1941 kwaye kude kube phakathi ku-1944 ephethwe ukuxhobisa umkhosi wayo izityalo nodaka phantse 70 amawaka.
• ESoviet Union kwi-1 Julayi 1941 ukuya kowama-30 Juni 1945 wenze 348 000 imipu nodaka calibers ezahlukeneyo.

La manani zibonisa ukuba mortars Soviet kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, baba zithandwa kakhulu waza wenza igalelo elikhulu kuloyiso phezu ku Germany.