Barbaris Amur: inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo nezithombe

IBhabarbar i-Amur iyintsika yentsapho yaseBarberry, enye yeentlobo ze-genre Barberry. Akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo oko esi sityalo. Inkcazelo kunye neefoto ze-Amur barberry ziqulethwe kule nqaku.

Indawo yokuhambisa

Endle, iBhabarbaris Amur ikhula ePhermorsky Krai nakwindawo esezantsi yeKhabarovsk Territory, kwimimandla esempuma yeChina, eKorea, kunye neYapan. Igama lavela kwingcaciso yomlambo woMlambo wase-Amur.

Ukukhetha i-broadleaf, imisedare evulekile kunye nemithi yamisedare, iindawo zomthi, iibhanki zemilambo yeentaba, imilambo yomlambo, amahlathi, i-stony eyomileyo kunye neentaba. Uthanda inhlabathi eyityebi kwi-humus. Iibherebhe ezinamandla azikhuli.

Isityalo ngokwawo sinobuhle busika, ukusilela ukusilela komlambo kunye nokushisa ukushisa, ngoko ke abalimi bawuhlakulela ngempumelelo kwiRashiya.

Barbaris Amur: inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo

I-Barberry i-thorny shrub ephantsi. Ukuphakama kwayo kufikelela kwi-3,5 mitha. I-Shrub enezinqamle, ezincinci, ezinamagatsha, ezimileyo kunye namagqabi, okwakubonakala ngekwindla ukusuka kumbala ophuzi ukuya kwi-grey.

Iifom ze-Amur barberry zibomvu okanye zibomvu, zize zibe zi-1.5 mm ubude, zibukhali. Amagqabi ahlelwe ngenye indlela, umlo weqabunga li-elliptical okanye i-obovate, ubude beqabunga buyi-12 cm, kwaye ububanzi buyi-5 cm. Amaqabunga ayawunqumla, iindawo ezisemagqabini zincinci. Umbala weeqabunga uyahluka: ukusuka eluhlaza obumhlophe obumhlophe ukuya kumbala obomvu, obomvu obomvu. Ukukhupha amaqabunga ngokukodwa kukugxilwe kwiifutshane ezimfutshane.

Iibarks ze-Amur barberry yellowj, njengomthetho, zi-tripartite, zifikelela ubude buka-3 cm. Izihluma ezineminyaka elilodwa zihlala zineentsimbi ezine-4-5 okanye ezi-7 ezihlukeneyo zecyindrical okanye ezixubileyo kunye nesimo esicatyiweyo.

I-Inflorescences ehlathini i-racemose, ubude - ukuya kwi-10 cm, kwi-inflorescence ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-25 iintyatyambo. Iintyatyambo ngokwazo zidibanisa kwi-pedicels ende (malunga ne-1 cm), umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhluke kwiqholi eliqinileyo. Amanqatha ayisithupha a-obovate. IiPetal kunye nezigulane zithandathu. I-Blooms shrub Barbaris Amur ngo-Meyi-Juni, i-flowering period - ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-20.

I-barberry berries iyomile, i-ellipsoidal ifom, malunga ne-1 cm ubude, umbala ubomvu obomvu, i-taste is acidic. Imbewu i-ovoid ifom, i-4-5 mm ubude. Kwi-1 kg, kukho iziqhamo ezi-6200. Ixesha lokuvelisa u-Agasti-Oktobha.

Ukuqukumbela inkcazo ye-barberry ye-Amur, sinokuthi namhlanje esi sityalo sithandwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yobume obuhle behlathi, amaqabunga amakhulu, iindidi ezininzi kunye nokuvelisa iziqhamo, zombini kunye kunye nokuhlaliswa kweqela, kunye neendonga ezicetywayo.

Ngomsebenzi

IBhabarbaris Amur idla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinjongo zokwelapha. Lungisa amaqabunga, iziqhamo, i-bark kunye nezityalo zityalo.

Amaqabunga alungiselelwa ngo-Meyi-Juni, xa iibrabhu ze-barberry ziya. Iiflethi zinokunqunyulwa ngeesisi okanye zipheliswe kuphela. Emva koko zomile, zivela ephepheni okanye kwindwangu kwindawo yomoya (kwi-attic okanye phantsi kombhobho). Emva kokuba amaqabunga asomile, aphendulele obumnyama ngokuphezulu kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza ukusuka ngaphantsi. Bona ngokwabo baya kuba banqabile, brittle, bhinqa, bevumba elikhethekileyo kunye ne-taste acidic. Ukulungele ukugcina izomileyo, amagumbi afanelekileyo. Amahlamvu agcinwa, njengomthetho, iminyaka eyi-1-1.5.

Ukuvunwa kweengcambu kwenzeka ekwindla (Oktobha-Novemba) okanye entwasahlobo (ngo-Apreli). Kufuneka bahlonywe ngefosholo, bhuqa umhlaba, banqunyulwe iingcambu ezincinci baze bawususe emoyeni. Awudingi ukuwahlamba ukugcina iimpawu zabo zonyango. Iingcambu ezomileyo kufuneka zinqunywe i-1,5-2 cm kwaye zomiswe kakuhle. Oku kulungele i-hoop okanye i-attic, kunye nesomisi okanye i-oven. Izimpande ezomileyo zineembimbi zangexesha elide, ngaphakathi kombala obomvu,

Isistim esisisigxina sehlathi asisetyenziswanga, njengomthetho, ushiye isiqu 10-15 cm. Kwiingcambu ezinqamle (ububanzi obungaphezulu kwe-6 cm), kuphela umongo kunye nenani elincinci lomxholo lisetyenzisiweyo.

Iingcambu ezomileyo zipakishwe kwiingxowa kwaye zigcinwe ukufikelela kwiminyaka emithathu.

Ukuvunwa kwe-bark kwenzeka entwasahlobo (ngo-Apreli-Meyi), xa kuvela ukuhamba kwe-sap. Kule nto, amasebe amancinane kuphela afanelekileyo anqunywe ububanzi obubanzi kwi-10-15 cm, kwaye unqumle kunye kwaye ususe i-bark. Kumele kumiswe kunye neengcambu. Ngohlobo olomileyo, i-bark ibonakala njengemibhobho okanye i-groove kunye neentsi zezinto ezisemgangathweni. Umbala wecala elomileyo liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwaye luphuzi okanye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle, kunye nephunga elincinci elincinci nelinambitheka. Iyakwazi ukugcinwa ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu.

Ukuqokelela kweziqhamo kwenzeka emva kokuvuthwa kwabo ngokugcwele ekwindla, emva kweqabunga lokuqala. Ungayomisa elangeni, phantsi kombhobho okanye kwi-oven.

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye neeprophysical properties

IBhabarbaris Amur inotye kwi-alkaloids, i-berberine, i-palmitin, njl. Ingxolo kunye neengcambu zizityebi kwi-berberine, i-hydroxyacanthine, i-alkaloids, i-tanins, imibala kunye nezinto ezinobuthi.

Iziqhamo ze-barberry zinezityalo zitshukela, i-carotene, i-vitamin K, i-ascorbic acid, i-citric acid, i-tartaric acid, i-malic acid, i-alkaloids, i-tannic, i-pectin, i-coloring substances, i-salin yamaminerali. Amaqabunga azityebi kwi-tannic, izinto ezinobuthi, ioli, i-vitamin C, i-malic acid, i-carotene kunye ne-phyloquinone.

Amalungiselelo e-Barberry ane-anti-inflammatory, choleretic, diuretic, i-antimicrobial, astringent, i-hemostatic kunye ne-antiseptic properties. Ngomncedisi we-barberis, i-berberine incitshiswa ngumxinzelelo woxinzelelo, iyanciphisa i-pulse nge-tachycardia, kwaye ikhulise ukuphuma kwe-bile.

Ibharbaris ye-Amur isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza. Baphatha izifo ezingapheliyo zesibindi kunye ne-gallbladder, isilonda sesisu sesisu ne-duodenum, ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula kunye nesifo sofuba. I-Barberry ithatha isifo sohudo, isifo segazi, isifo se-asthma. I-tincture ye-barberry igxeka i-utéine yokuphuma kwintsholongwane ngexesha lokugqibela.

Ukutyala nokunyamekela

Barbaris Amur ayikhethi malunga nomhlaba, akesabi ngumoya oqinileyo, ukunyamezela kakuhle isomiso, ayithandi kuphela amanzi. Isityalo si-photophilous, kodwa siya kukhula kakuhle kwi-penumbra. Kule meko, kukho enye into ebalulekileyo: ukuba ukhula izihlahla eziphantsi kwelanga, ngoko umbala weqabunga uya kuba ngumfusa obomvu; Kwizihlahla ezikhula kwi-penumbra, amaqabunga aya kuba luhlaza.

Ngendlela yokutshala enye, umgama phakathi kwezityalo kufuneka ube malunga no-1.5-2 wamitha. Ukwenza uhlaselo olukhululekile, sityalo ezimbini i-barberry kwi-1 imitha yokuhamba. Ukuba ufuna idonga elincinci, ke isiqithi 4 nge-1 imitha.

I sityalo sikhula kakuhle kwimihlaba yomibini engahambelaniyo kunye nengathathi hlangothi, nangona ikhetha ukungathathi hlangothi.

Umxube womhlaba wokutyala ulungiselelwe ukusuka kumyezo wase-garden, humus kunye nesihlabathi ngokulinganayo. Ukuba umhlaba usacacile, ulungiso luyakhuthazwa.

Unokondla isityalo unyaka wesibini emva kokutyala. Ngentwasahlobo, oku kwenziwa nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Emva koko, umntu kufuneka adle ukutya kanye emva kweminyaka emi-3 kunye nezichumisi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamacilisi. Amanzi i-barberry ngesinye ngeveki. Kwakhona, isityalo siyakuthandana kwaye sihlala sikhulula.

Unyaka ngamnye ukusika i-barberry - ukususa ubuthathaka, ukuhluma kakubi. Ngentwasahlobo, kuyinqweneleka ukunqanda iintlobo ezindala. Ukuqulunqa iinqonga, ukusika izicathulo kuqhutyelwa unyaka wesibini emva kokutyala, ukusika isahlulo sendawo engentla. Emva koko, ukusika izicathulo zenziwa ngamaxesha amabini ngonyaka: ngoJuni no-Agasti.

Izifo kunye nezinambuzane

Ibharbaris Amur ichaphazeleka yizi ntwanyana ezilandelayo:

1. Barberry alder - ngelixa amaqabunga ehluma aze ame. Isisombululo seseva yokuhlamba (300 grams yesepha kunye nebhakethi yamanzi) sinceda ukulahla. Phulaza entwasahlobo.
2. Iimbumba zeentyantyambo - ezi zivumba zidla iziqhamo. Ukulahla kunceda "iDisis" (0.05-0.01%) okanye "iClorophos" (0.1-0.3%).

Kwizifo, i-powdery mildew ingaqatshelwa. Kubonakala njengengubo ye-mealy kumaqabunga, amahlumela kunye neziqhamo.

Isisombululo se-sulfur colloidal (0.5%), umxube we-sulphur-lime okanye umhluzi-sulfur-lime umnceda ukunqumla. Isihlandlo sokuqala sihlanjululwa xa amaqabunga eqaqambileyo, emva kweeveki 2-3. Iimpembelelo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zisuswe kwaye zishiswe.

I-barberry yokugqithisa kule mibala ingancinci ngaphantsi kwezinye iintlobo ze-barberry.

Ukuzaliswa nokulima kweAmur barberry

Isityalo sanda ngokuhlula isiqithi, izimpande, ukusika kunye nembewu. Ngokuqala konke kucacile, siya kuqwalasela ukulima kwe-barberry e-Amur ukusuka kwimbewu.

Imbewu ihlwayelwa, njengomthetho, ekwindla. Amajikijolo athathwe ngokutsha kufuneka afakwe, ahlanjwe ngesihlunu, ahlanjwe aze amiswe kancane.

Imbewu ngokwalo iveliswa kwiindawo zokuqala ezilungiselelwe ukufikelela ubunzulu obungaphezu kwe-1 cm. Umhlaba wokukhula u-Amur barberry kufuneka ukhululeke kwaye uvelise, kwaye isayithi ivulekile kwaye ilungile. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo imbewu ihlangene. Xa kuvela amaqabunga angama-2, iimbewu kufuneka zikhuliswe ngaphandle, zishiye umgama malunga no-3 cm phakathi kwazo. Emva koko, izityalo akufanele zitshintshwe, ukutshintshwa kunokwenzeka emva kweminyaka emibini.

Benzisa i barberry

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Amur barbaris kuninzi. Ukongeza kwiipropati zalo zonyango, i- barbaris ebusika ifana neendonga zokuhlala. Ezi zihlahla zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko zomda we-Russia. Iingcingo zazo zingenakwenzeka. Zingakunqunyulwa kalula, zinike iinqabileyo naluphi na uhlobo. I-Barberry ifanelekile kokubili ukuzimela kunye neqela, ukukhula kwimiyezo yeerandi kunye nesityalo somhlaba.

Iintlobo

Iintlobo ezidumileyo ze-Amur barberry zi-Orpheus neJapan.

I-Orpheus ihambelana nezihlahla ezincinci. Unamaqabunga aqaqambileyo kwaye akayiqhakaza.

IJapan ineziqabana ezinkulu kunye ne-yellow inflorescences, i-drooping ngendlela yebhashi. Siyabulela kule sityalo sihle kakhulu.