Inkcubeko kwenkulungwane ye-19

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, eRashiya waqalisa lag ngasemva kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso kwezopolitiko of Europe. Kodwa aba zincitshiswe ngokuvuka ngokukhawuleza osemva sphere yenkcubeko. inkcubeko Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19 va identity yesizwe. Oku kuchatshazelwa ngamandla kakhulu ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi neFransi ngo-1812.

Urhulumente Russian kuye kwabakho ukunqongophala yayiyazi, abantu abafundileyo kakuhle elirhangqiweyo. Nokufika capitalism eRashiya, le ngxaki iye bajokisayo, yena waba negalelo kuphuhliso inkcubeko. rhoqo urhulumente uza nangona kushishino ekhulayo. iingcamango Advanced of ababhali, publicists, amagcisa zange zitshitshiswe ngqalelo abalawuli-babebambelele. Le meko litshintsha ngokukhawuleza yaye kungekudala waba ngenkulungwane nazovat 19 "Golden Age." Yeqonga, uncwadi kunye umculo Russia waba kakhulu abaphulaphuli eyaziwayo Western.

inkcubeko Artistic kwinkulungwane ye-19 phantsi kweempembelelo iingcamango yamandulo washiya inani enkulu kwimizobo. Paintings umzobi awawubhalayo uninzi amatyala kwimixholo yeBhayibhile. Kwakhona kusoloko kufunyanwa imifanekiso wentsomi okanye eni. inkcubeko lethu kwinkulungwane ye-19 wanika imbali portraitists ababini abadumileyo - Oresta Kiprenskogo kunye Vasily Tropinin. Ngabo, endleleni, wasishiya ezinye eni ngendlela esaphila emangalisayo AS Pushkin. Enye igcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngenkulungwane ye-19 - uKarl Bryullov. Ngowe-1803 yena watyelela bemba kwisixeko samandulo ePompeii, leyo yatshatyalaliswa yi ukujaduka mlilo. Bryullov wapeyinta umfanekiso ebizwa ngokuba 'yimihla yokugqibela sePompeii, "nto leyo yamenza eyaziwa kakuhle kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kungekudala emva koko, waza waba ngomzobi odumileyo Alexander ivanov. Malunga 20 neminyaka yobomi bakhe wayitshabalalisa ukusebenza womzobo "imbonakalo kaKristu ebantwini."

Kuye aguqulwe kwenkulungwane ye-19 kunye yeqonga. Kwi nqanaba ungabona indlela nokusindlekwa abalobi angaphandle ezifana Schiller okanye Shakespeare, kunye zasekhaya. Ezithandwa kakhulu kunye noluntu kwakumnandi NV Woonopopi. Uye ekubhaleni nemidlalo ezahlukeneyo zembali. Emva kwabo, abaphulaphuli wayethanda comedy satirical Krylov kunye Fonvizin. Mayela phakathi yeqonga ngenkulungwane ye-19 iya kuchatshazelwa yi uncwadi. Emva kokuba imvume of uNicholas I oliliso yathabatha iphambili enkulu "The Umhloli Jikelele" (umbhali N. V. Gogol). Sesona sisombululo lokwenene ngokuba Glinka kaThixo opera "Ubomi kakumkani."

inkcubeko Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19 yi ephawulekayo ingakumbi uncwadi. Classicism ebegqwese indawo ziimvakalelo, uze romanticism. Romanticism yahlukana zibe inkqubela ngendeb '. manani eziphambili uncwadi yangoku: Kiichelbecker Rileyev Davydov, Bestuzhev-Marly, Baratynsky, Zhukovsky. Kwakhona, ababhali Russian omkhulu Lermontov, Pushkin, maxa wambi Gogol babhala imisebenzi yabo isithethe Romantic. Okulandelayo, entsha ibakala uncwadi - ngokoqobo. Ithatyathwa ukuba ngunozala Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Ngenxa ukukhululwa kwalo "evgeniya Onegina", loo nto ithathwa lubalaseleyo phezu uncwadi. "Ntombi I Yomphathi", "Boris Godunov", "I Bronze abamahashe" - imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu ocacileyo wokuba Pushkin. Ebuncwaneni yokwenene i "Golden Age" ingabizwa "Yeha ukusuka Wit" Griboyedov, "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" yi Gogol kunye "uHero Ixesha yethu" Lermontov. Ngemisebenzi yababhali ezinkulu iimbongi, ezifana Nekrasov N. A. Turgenev I. S., Dostoevsky FM, Tolstoy L. N. ukho kwinxalenye yesibini kwenkulungwane ye-19, ukususela ngoko iqala uphuhliso imifuziselo, omnye lweentsingiselo ezininzi iphawulekayo uncwadi.

inkcubeko yaseYurophu kwinkulungwane ye-19 nawo namava ngeli xesha lokutshintsha. Eyona ndima ephambili ngoku udlalwa nge-nkqubo. Kodwa ke isiko kwenkulungwane ye-19 eYurophu yahluke kakhulu ukusuka ekhaya. Ama impiriyali Europe ndamgqibela iimfuno zabo. Ngeli xesha, uphuhliso yeqonga kunye noncwadi zehlile, kodwa waqala ixesha elitsha bulumko yaseYurophu.