Basics yezolawulo womnatha. Yintoni i IP-idilesi

Ngakumbi nangakumbi abantu kwi-Internet izama ukufumana oko IP-idilesi ukusebenzisa ulwazi iinjongo zabo ezithile. Umntu zavalwa iwebhusayithi ozithandayo IP, umntu ufuna ukuhlola umnatha ngokuyimfihlo, okanye nyenyisa lwangaphakathi Intra-net. Ngokuba le misebenzi, kufuneka uqonde umgaqo yokusebenza yamacebo enxulumene phezu TCP | IP.

Eneneni, networking kwenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi le protocol, ikhompyutha nganye ziboniswe idilesi ekhethekileyo yamanani ukuba ngokuchonga nxaxheba womnatha. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na IP-idilesi, masifumanise intsingiselo kule kota. Kwakhona, uluhlu IP-iidilesi ziya kuqwalaselwa (ingqiqo banikwa) kunye ukufuna isiza kwi isikhangeli igama layo domain.

Yintoni na ke idilesi yamanani ye computer

Le eyodwa olwahlula ID umkhosi, apho ikhompyutha ufumana naziphi na iinkcukacha (network) okanye ukusuka apho ikhompyutha iya idatha ethile network. Leligama ingafakwa kuphela iikhompyutha kodwa naziphi na ezinye izixhobo ezixhasa unxibelelwano nge umqhubi TCP | IP.

E web resource kwakhona kuchongwa indawo yayo wejografi phantsi kummandla ethile.

Yintoni i IP-idilesi kwi lumelo olubonakalayo. yangaphakathi IP

Nanku umzekelo iidilesi lwangaphakathi lwamanani kumnatha womsebenzi wobulali (LAN): 198.169.1.1. Kulo mzekelo, imivo zokuqala 3 kwesishumi amele TCP | womnatha IP (njengeempawu zidityanisiwe iikhompyutha womnatha lwangaphakathi). Inani lokugqibela "ukuthumelele" host ekhethekileyo kweli yenye.

Ngokungafaniyo ekhombayo jikelele (WAN) iidilesi yangaphakathi ayikwazi ukusebenza kwisithuba Internet kwaye abonakalisa kuphela subnet yasekuhlaleni. ukufikelela Internet kule meko ikhutshwa phandle nge a umzila okanye iseva proxy.

Ngamanye amazwi, idilesi host 10.12.2.254 ezifana 198.169.1.1 okanye ngaphakathi. Kukho iindidi ezithile IP-iidilesi (subnets) ongasoze kuba yinxalenye yommandla Internet le. Ncokola yinyaniso: akukho ikhompyutha subnet lwehlabathi asinako ukuqinisekiswa 192.169.1.H uhlobo isazisi, apho X - IP-idilesi isixhobo esithile.

Umkhangeli "ekhangela 'Web site ngokutayipha idilesi igama bar

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni i-IP-idilesi ngokwembono isikhangeli, yaye kutheni ubukho bayinxalenye yalo, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga resource.

Ngoko ke, xa Internet Explorer okanye omnye umsebenzisi umkhangeli engena URL ye website ukwenzeka le nkqubo ilandelayo.

Oku kumiselwa i-IP, ulungelelene igama uphawu resource (IP-resolution). Kulo mzekelo, isikhangeli uya kuqala ibhekisa ifayili eyodwa ngoluhlu lwe uthelekiso. Ukuba uluhlu yemephu efunekayo ayikho, i-software icela "uncedo" kwinkonzo DNS, ubhalisiwe kule useto kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

Le nkonzo kuphela idilesi isazisi echanekileyo, yaye edlulisela umphumo kwibrawuza.

Ngoku ke isikhangeli "uyakwazi" oko IP-idilesi resource kujoliswe, nalapho ukuthumela umbuzo lomsebenzisi. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzisi ubona iphepha le web ukuba ufuna ukufumana.

Njani na umba iidilesi IP

Xa ariya yobulali yomsebenzi womnatha eyenziwa iikhompyutha ezininzi kunye nezixhobo aphakathi, ngamnye esabelwe into ebonakalisayo eyahlukileyo ngesandla anzima kakhulu yaye ayiloncedo. Yale nkqubo, kukho umkhosi ezingcwele apho inkonzo ihleliwe ukukhupha uluhlu olutshintshayo IP-adresi - DHCP.

Le nkonzo uqobo iqwalaselwe ukwenzela ukuba xa ufumana host enye IP ukhutshwa ukusuka kuluhlu ezithile iidilesi zendawo. Ipharamitha isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha, yaye mhlawumbi nedilesi umzila wothungelwano wadlulisela umkhosi, ngaphandle apho ukufikelela subnet ezikufutshane okanye akunakwenzeka jikelele. Kwezinye iinginginya DHCP-umxhasi kufuneka ifakwe.