Iimpawu abasisigxina isichazi. iimpawu Morphological zezichazi

Indawo nganye yokuthetha luphawulwa baneempawu ezithile kuphela wayo okusegazini. kuvumela oku ukuba iqela amazwi ulwimi Russian, kuxhomekeke kwiipropati abanalo lwegrama. ukufunda yabo kwakubandakanya icandelo eyodwa Ulwimi Russian - morphology, kuthathelwa ingqalelo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, non-abasisigxina kunye esisigxina neempawu morphological le isiphawulo, isibizo, isenzi .. njl Ulwazi iindawo ezibalulekileyo zentetho kunye nenkonzo kunceda ngokuchanileyo ukuvelisa uhlalutyo morphological nokwakha amabinzana nezivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo.

In Russian, kukho uhlalutyo ecacileyo wesekethe. Kuba nganye inxalenye elizimeleyo intetho iquka inkcazelo intsingiselo nolahlo ngokubanzi-ntetho (kubandakanywa umbuzo), imikhwa morphological (abasisigxina kunye non-osisigxina), umsebenzi syntactic kwisivakalisi.

Yintoni asilogama

Le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-ntetho, nto leyo idla ngokusetyenziswa izicatshulwa eziluhlobo esichazayo. Izichazi ukuchaza iimpawu abasisigxina zezinto ze uphendule le mibuzo: Yintoni? kabani? Bengena uxhulumaniso elinentsingiselo ukuyilwa izibizo kunye namabinzana ehambelana kunye nawo ngenani, isini, imeko (imiqondiso non-osisigxina). Le nxalenye intetho sinokubonisa ipropati ngokuxhomekeke ngaphandle kubudlelwane bakhe (usemncinane) okanye sengqondo (imini ebusika, ubisi lwenkomo) kwezinye izinto okanye iziganeko. Kuxhomekeka ixabiso yokumpompoza aba mathathu - yinto phawu rhoqo - isichazi. Kwisivakalisi, amazwi ale yinxalenye umsebenzi yokuthetha, inkcazelo, okanye nesivisa.

Icandelo ngezigaba

Isiphawulo nga ziimpawu into kwiikona ezahlukeneyo:

• kwimilo kunye isikhundla isithuba ibhola engqukuva, eweni;
• ngobukhulu kunye nombala: komthi omkhulu, nengca eluhlaza;
• Iimpawu ngokwasemzimbeni: imini eshushu;
• phezu kwengqondo nokomzimba iimpawu: umntwana osisiyatha, indoda elungileyo;
• phezu zexeshana lweendawo isiseko: iphephandaba, ingxolo isixeko;
• izinto apho wenza into: indoda straw;
• Ibhalelwe: suit ulele;
• kwi Accessories: umalume ityesi.

Iimpawu abasisigxina isichazi - yinto division zazo ngokweendidi ezintathu: ezikumgangatho ophezulu (ikofu eshushu), xa kuthelekiswa (hamba ubusika) kunye bunini (tie kabawo). Bona zisekelwe kwixabiso oko enxulumene isibizo.

izichazi qualitative

Umzobi aveza imveliso le nxalenye yokuthetha. izichazi qualitative - iziphathi ezinjalo iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke kule ixhomekeke ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, oko kudla kubonakala kumlinganiselo ekumisweni yokuthelekisa. Eyona yesibini ebalulekileyo yale qela - ukusetyenziswa kwale fom elifutshane. It ayitshintshi ukuba ityala kunye nesivisa, t. E. nesivisa kwisivakalisi.

Iimpawu Constant lwesichazi le ekubhobhozeni ziboniswa ngolu hlobo.

1. Igama abe, kunye luhlobo epheleleyo elifutshane: etafileni omkhulu.
2. Ubukho yokuthelekisa: lo mfanekiso lihle, indlu ende, umlweli nkqi, le holide inkulu.
3. Ukukwazi ukwenza amaqela gama ilandelayo: izihlomelo kuyoze, -X: adlula; izibizo abstract: eluhlaza; Iifom eziqulathe uvavanyo ayinyani: clever; izichazi compound (ngokuphinda): okumnandi-Mnandi; igama emigudwini ziqaliswe a nengeyiyo: osisiyatha.
4. Msebenzi wokuquka iperi ntonye okanye izichasi: g oryachy-cool-eshushu (iti).
5. Ukusetyenziswa ixabiso izihlomelo degree BONKE, KAKHULU, KAKHULU kunye m P:.. Imvula enamandla kakhulu.

Asizizo zonke iimpawu ngentla lwesichazi esisigxina kufuneka aboniswe ilizwi. Kwanele ukuba omnye wabo ekunokuthiwa isichazi qualitative. Hi ndlela leyi, abanye babo baye ifomu emfutshane kuphela: kufuneka ibe nemihlali, kunye nabanye.

amagama amaninzi loo nto ndiyenza avela ashushu, oluhlaza. Rhoqo iimeko ukubunjwa kwabo izibizo (cream), izenzi (inkwenkwe ezinokususwa) ezinye iziphawuli yomgangatho (buka kunokuba udakumbile) okanye isalamane kunye bunini - izandla zegolide, ibhere hamba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwaye ukuyilwa amagama amatsha ngokongeza iingcambu enye okanye phinda: ikhaphethi emhlophe-emhlophe.

Ukwazi zonke iimpawu ukuvumela ukuba ayichaze iimpawu isiphawulo osisigxina, okt. E. ziLahlwe.

izidanga zemfundo yokuthelekisa

Ukukwazi ukuzibonakalisa kwisifundo ukuba ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, maxa wambi waqonda njenge isichazi esiyenza njalo. Ngelo xesha, udidi degree of yokuthelekisa iza ngeendlela ezininzi (oku kubonisa okungazinzi). Kuba isici esasenza nto izichazi qualitative.

izidanga zemfundo yokuthelekisa:

Njengoko le theyibhile ibonisa, a izimamva imilo elula kwakhiwa (e, kwalo, akayi-, -aysh-, -eysh) kunye necandelo - amagama athile ukuba zongezwe kwifom ngokupheleleyo (ngaphezulu ubuncinane ezininzi) okanye isidanga elula yokuthelekisa (yonke) . Enye indlela - suppletive, okt qho ezahlukeneyo: .. Good - eyona (umhlobo).

Amagama asetyenziswa isidanga elula yokuthelekisa, musa ukutshintsha.

Iimpawu kweziphawuli isihlobo

Ngoko nangoko ke kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba eli qela lamagama angenayo naziphi na iimpawu ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Uphawu ukuba abamele, ngokuyimfuneko elungelelene kwenye into okanye isiganeko. Oku kubonakala ukuba kungenzeka endaweni binzana [isichazi + isibizo] nelithi [isibizo + isibizo]. Umzekelo, ucingo ngomthi = ucingo eyenziwe ngomthi. Umlinganiselo into enye ukuya kwenye izichazi isalamane kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ixesha: Intlanganiso kunyaka ophelileyo;
• indawo: motet;
• izinto: intonga yesinyithi;
• Ibhalelwe: clock mantel.

Kuba isalamane lukwaquka izichazi ezimbaxa, lokuqala apho - yesi: isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini, ngonyaka emithathu-kid.

iimpawu morphological esisigxina isichazi isalamane wabonakalaliswa yokuba kuphela le fomu ngokupheleleyo.

ukubunjwa

qho livela for izichazi isihlobo izibizo, izenzi, izihlomelo, kunye nendlela ukubunjwa - isimamva (-n-, -an-, -yan-, G-invariant, -enn-, -onn-, -l-). Umzekelo, jonga luzizi, isitya sodongwe, abathethise ixesha, uhlaziyo.

Iimpawu abasisigxina isichazi bunini

Eli qela aveza into bobabo nabani: abantu, izilwanyana. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukuba kuchongwa yi lo mbuzo: kabani? Bona, efana isizalwane, akukho isidanga yokuthelekisa, ngokupheleleyo kunye neefom emfutshane. Ezi iimpawu eziphambili lwesichazi esisigxina alahlwayo.

A phawu olulodwa zezichazi bunini is isakhiwo morphemic. Bona akhiwa izibizo ngokusebenzisa izimamva -ov-, -ev-, -invariant, -iy-: Ootata igumbi, idyasi sikama, impungutye-like iindlebe. Ukuba izichazi qualitative isihlobo ke afane ukupheliswa (blue-it-it), ngoko ke isimamva bunini, zibonakale xa ebhala umbhalo (isakhiwo isandi) amagama. Umzekelo: impungutye ^{[l, uc, th,} -eva].

Emini iziphawuli bit enye ukuya kwenye

Intsingiselo kunye neempawu ngokwegrama asilogama badla ukuxhomekeka. Ukuba ungakwazi ukuthenga ixabiso ephathwayo kwaye ukuba afudukele kwezinye udidi olunye ukuya kolunye. Ngoko ke, lo isichazi ozalanayo rhoqo isebenza ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ingakumbi imisebenzi yobugcisa (kuyindlela ezongezelelweyo yokuthetha). Oku kunokubonwa kwibinzana ngentsimbi lwesichazi: emnyango - isalamane, uya - esemgangathweni.

iinkqubo Reverse engekho rhoqo kangaka. Ukufanelekela isiphawulo uqhele utshintsha kwaba ligazi ukumpompoza kwakhe Kwimeko yokuba inxalenye kwekota: ishishini ukukhanya.

Abe impahla efanayo kunye nezichazi ukulawula. Yaye ngokufuthi libhekisela amagama anxulumene kwizilwanyana. Umzekelo, ukuhlanganiswa amagama zicandwe kunye nezibizo ezahlukeneyo: Nora (bunini), ikepusi (isalamane - of ntoni?), Ligwala (qualitative).