Capitol (Washington). Esi sakhiwo Capitol e Washington, DC

Nokutsala ekhethekileyo kwikomkhulu US, nto leyo uyazingca Washington - Capitol. Amafoto ongengowale ndalo omangalisayo emarmore emhlophe umele ukuba wabona nganye. Sikhoyo ngaphezulu kwe Capitol Hill, engqongwe yi namanye amaziko ebalulekileyo - yokuhlala leNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye Library of Congress. Kwakhona kufuphi ke ezikhumbuzo ukuze Abraham Lincoln kunye noGeorge Washington.

Igama elithi "Capitol" sinxulumana kweleentaba efanayo eRoma. Kumaxesha amandulo apho wahlala iNdlu Yeengwevu yaye yabamba iintlanganiso ezibalulekileyo zoluntu. Kwaphuma igama Yehlabathi Elitsha, amawaka aliqela ngeekhilomitha ukusuka eRoma? Hill kwi US kucingelwa ukuba iziko - kunokuba yembono ngaphezu eendawo - yeSithili of Columbia. Esi sakhiwo inophawu imbali umdla, oya befunda ngokufunda eli nqaku.

ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

Le mbono ukwakha indlu yeentlanganiso Congress bobabo George Washington. Yena wabeka ilitye yokuqala kwasekusekweni sakhiwo. Kwathi September 18, 1793. Kunzima ukutsho ngubani umakhi izakhiwo njengoko labazobi eziyintloko atshintsha rhoqo, kwaye ngamnye ezilandelayo kuzisa into eyahlukileyo. Kodwa iimpawu eziphambili ziye zakhiwe isimbo Empire. Esi sakhiwo siye akukagqitywa, xa iindonga zayo ngo-1800 wadibana Congress.

Owayesakuba elaliphethe ikoloni - United Kingdom - ayikwazanga nazigqibo geqe States. Ngowe-1814, amajoni aseBritani wayitshisa Capitol (Washington). Kuba ukubuyiselwa kwalo kwathatha iminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa lo msebenzi wokwakha ayikagqitywa. Ukususela-1820 ukuya 1827, zakhiwe okhoyo phakathi kwamaphiko esemantla emazantsi isakhiwo, wakha ngasentla apho lwale omkhulu. Nokuba ngamashumi eminyaka kamva, Congress wavuma ukuba United States Capitol na capacious ngokwaneleyo.

kuhlela wamazwi

Owu, njengokuba ngokukhawuleza wakubona kufanelekile ukwandisa isakhiwo yeentlanganiso Congress, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni uhlaziye kuyilo yayo. Le projekthi uhlala efanayo: kwimiqolo bamandulo Empire lokubhalela ngobuhle. Noko ke, kukho kongezelelwa neempawu ezizodwa. Ngaloo ndlela, iingqukuva ezisemantloko ntsika zazihonjiswe kungekho amagqabi ngowakhe Ngaphambili KwiMeditera, kunye nezityalo "ekuhlaleni" - nkozo kunye namagqabi icuba. Dome Old salandelwa, intsimbi elitsha uphose, kwi asibhozo anesixhenxe eliphezulu leemitha. iindonga zokwakha izinto ngokukodwa ukuze bakwazi ukumelana ubunzima amawaka amane neetoni.

Ngowe-1863, esi sakhiwo wongeza touch ophela kuyo. The Dome indwe imitha-ezintandathu oqingqiweyo ka Liberty wombhali T. Crawford. Ngoko ke US Capitol, iifoto uyabona, ezikhuphile jonga mihla. Kwase ongengowale ndalo kucingwa ukuba Roman Cathedral of St. uPetros, nangona ezinye iingcali kubona kulo efana izindawo Les Invalides (ngokomakhi Mansart, Jr.).

ingaphakathi

Ukutyhubela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, wazithwala kuphela amancinci zokuqhubela kwisicwangciso bokwakha ngenxa yotshintsho sakhiwo. I-Capitol (Washington) waba central zokufudumeza naseliftini emigodini zakhiwa. Kodwa ngu-ngenkulungwane phakathi, kunye nesakhiwo kwabonakala ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1960, sandisiwe olungaphambili kwimpuma yeemitha ezilishumi. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa emifanekisweni ezininzi phezu kwamanqwanqwa i Capitol kwakukho lo marble wonder emhlophe - isakhiwo Congress.

Ngaphakathi nje entle ngolu ngaphandle. Ngowe-1865, igcisa Constantino Brumidi zinokuhonjiswa amajukujuku yokuqala US ngomfanekiso. Lo mzobo George Washington engqongwe oothixo Olympian. Constantino Brumidi zaveza nje ke uThixo amajukujuku, kodwa kwiHolo Columns. Esekelwe kunye friezes amele imbali ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini ngonyaka karhulumente.

Capitol - Washington: uqhagamshelo ingqiqo

Abakhi baye basebenza nzima ukuqinisekisa ukwakha i US Congress ngokuchanekileyo abonela laphu ezidolophini. Dome liyabonakala kakhulu Rotunda of the Capitol kungabonwa yonke. Yiloo nto: emva zonke, ukwakha asibhozo anesibhozo eemitha eliphezulu ebekwa phezulu eziphawuleka kakhulu kule ndawo yenduli. Ukongeza, onke ezibanzi ekhokelela kwi-Washington Capitol, ebonisa imo yokomfuziselo kule ndawo.

Hayi ukuvala isakhiwo esihle, ngeenxa zonke kuye akukho ukunaba kweedolophu. It ingqongwe epakini enkulu ingca, ummandla elipheleleyo malunga 55 eehektare. National Mall ngeekhilomitha kunye eemitha 800 ubude inxulumanisa ekwakheni i-Congress kunye ezikhumbuzo ezimbini: Lincoln ne Washington. Akukho kangako kuba Amerika kunye izakhiwo ezikufutshane, equka iseti kwamaziko karhulumente: Nkundla iPhakamileyo Library of Congress. Ngaphambili, baba endaweni Capitol. Iintlanganiso iNkundla kuphela 1935 wafuduselwa kwisakhiwo esitsha.

Iihambo ekwakheni Capitol e Washington, DC

Qho ngonyaka, i-United States isakhiwo idumileyo ityelelwa malunga emine kunye nabakhenkethi nesiqingatha sesigidi. Okwangoku, indlu emarmore emhlophe Capitol malunga 540 amagumbi. Noko ke, abakhenkethi kuvunyelwa ezimbini kuphela. Yiya ngaphakathi inokuba yinxalenye uhambo kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, baba khona Capitol unguYe free. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba ubonise yokundwendwela kwi-ofisi bhokisi kwaye uthabathe itikiti inombolo.

Kwiqela ngokukhawuleza olwenziwe elikumgangatho lelingaphezulu, kuba isithuba ofisi ephantsi ezimbini sixakekile ezilula. Ezingasentla House of Representatives (iphiko south) neNdlu Yeengwevu (emantla). Ngaphezu la magumbi loggia eyodwa kuluntu, ngokuba zonke iiseshoni kaRhulumente azikho ebantwini ezifihliweyo. Transparantnost (elubala) - ke mthetho lokuqala lwentando yesininzi. Ilifti luya abakhenkethi ukuba kumgangatho ophezulu, ukuba kumgangatho okuqaphela izinto, nto leyo inika esicace eyothusayo yesixeko. Ngelishwa, i Statue of Liberty ingabonwa kuphela ukusuka ezantsi, ngokusebenzisa zizibonakude. Okubangel 'umdla ngenxa yokuba iye benxibe intshinga - uhlobo lwe Mangeni kwabantu bomthonyama nakuMntla Melika.

ukusebenza

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba Capitol (Washington) - ayikho kuphela wobugcisa bokwakha. Ukongeza ixabiso kubuhle, esi sakhiwo unentsingiselo enzulu eceleni. It iyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Kukho iintlanganiso kwamasebe amabini aphambili karhulumente US - iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye House of Representatives. Inyaniso yokuba amagosa karhulumente bahlanganisana phantsi kwawo le Congress ingafunyanwa kwi engcotyeni ehlabathini sakhiwo. Ukuba bathe bayavuka, ngoko, oko kwiseshoni. ezimbini kuphela ibhena American somnyango leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi rhoqo eguqukayo kwi flagpoles. Kwaye kuya kuba, njengokuba kukho ngokwentando ilizwe elikhulu - United States of America.