China Natural Resources: ukuphonononga kunye nokusetyenziswa

imithombo yendalo e China kakhulu etyebileyo neziindidi - ilizwe ohlala kulo mhlaba ubukhulu kummandla kwindawo yesithathu emveni Russia, Canada. ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho kwabo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka indawo eendawo kunye neemeko zemozulu.

Iimpawu geography

Uninzi China, i-wonke apho izigidi 9.6 square metres. km, ehlanganiswa iintaba neenduli. Xa entshona ilizwe lehewu Tibetan inkulu ehlabathini phantse 4.5 kwiikhilomitha eziphakamileyo. Yena engqongwe ngabantu iintaba odumileyo - malayas, Kunlun, Karakoram, Tien Shan. iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo China ngenxa kummandla kunokuba esityebileyo elide.

uvumelane kakhulu kumathafa umsebenzi yezoqoqosho akhawunti kuba malunga ne-30% yendawo lilonke China. Kunjalo malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu ekhulwini masimu kwintaba ephakame 500 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle,-17% - 500 ukuya 1 amawaka cubic metres kunye 25.1% - .. 1000 labemi m kuqwalasele kakhulu kwi yonxweme kunye amanye amaphondo yangaphakathi kweli lizwe. Kwiinduli lexinene layo lingaphantsi kakhulu. indawo ngokwezelizwe kunye nezibonelelo zendalo of China zihlobene. Ukufumana lizwe ngaphakathi kwimimandla emithathu zemozulu (ziingcathu, nefumileyo yaye yetropika) nebangela usasazo abayinqobo amanzi, umhlaba, ehlathini kunye neminye imithombo.

zolondolozo Water e China

Okokuqala, lo indawo okuyo ngokukhethekileyo yachaphazela imithombo yamanzi. Sibaphatha ngokulinganayo isasazwe kuyo yonke indawo, kunye izithuba, ukufuma ezahlukeneyo agqithisileyo, kukho abo apho amanzi eziphelayo. Ngaphezu kwama-70% yazo zonke izibonelelo zamanzi ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo emazantsi eli lizwe. Kukho womnatha umlambo ebanzi, olusekelwe phezu iteksti River, Yellow River, Xi. Ebudeni zemvula zasehlotyeni, ukuze lingqamane ukunyibilika qhwa, kukho ukwanda kakhulu amanqanaba amanzi emilanjeni ezininzi.

amachibi ezininzi - oku ke imithombo ebalulekileyo kakhulu zendalo of China, eziyiyo ichibi endalo amanzi acocekileyo. I inkulu kubo ibekwe osentshona welo lizwe (Lop Kananjalo, ebi Lake, Kununor) kunye nesitya sokuhlambela i iteksti River (Dongting, Taihu, Poyang).

ininzi kakhulu ekumpompozeni kwamanzi idreyini, uninzi lwazo ayilwamkeli pre-zokucoca, kukhokelela ekubeni iqondo eliphezulu iyilwe imilambo namachibi. Namhlanje, China ngokukodwa kufuneka ekuqhutyweni alandelelanayo inyathelo elikhulu-iscale unyango kwelindle.

minerals

Kunzima ukuchaza ezi zibonelelo zendalo of China ngokufutshane, njengoko zahlukahlukene. Eli lizwe ithathwa enye bazizinhanha ngokwemiqathango koovimba lilonke neetyuwa zomzimba, thaca phantse yonke lwezakhi. ukuhlola yokwakheka waqinisekisa ubukho izihloko ngaphezulu kwama-160. China osikhokelayo yehlabathi ekuvelisweni zesinyithi non-ayoni: inkcenkce, zinc, ilothe, molybdenum, kwistibhiya kunye mercury. deposit Tungsten, ebekwe kwi-South China uluhlu - inkulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Noninzi lwezinto emhlabeni kunqabile iintsimbi akhawunti ye-80% yehlabathi. Imali ye intsimbi, manganese, titanium, vanadium.

imithombo Rich yezimbiwa non-ebuntsimbi afumaneka China. Ezi zikhundla yezikhokhelo ekuhlala: Magnesite, mifanekiso, talc, gypsum, asbestos, kaolin, fluorite, dust, alunite, kunye bentonite. kwizinga eliphezulu ngebhastile ezahlukeneyo negranite, nayo leyo wafumana iqashiso lizwe.

imithombo amandla

Oovimba amalahle, China yenye yeendawo zokuqala ehlabathini. Ngokutsho ukuhlola, ukuba ixabise 1,0071 ezigidi kwiitoni. Kodwa nezokukhupha oli negesi yendalo eli lizwe kakhulu nganto amandla oyile phambili. Loovimba eziphambili zepetroli ibekwe kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye mpuma of China, ezishelfini ye Yellow noMzantsi China Seas. zolondolozo ziyahlolisiswa yaye shale oyile. Ezi imithombo yendalo e China kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo iphantsi kolawulo ezizodwa karhulumente kunye qhinga nokubaluleka.

imithombo Land and zomhlaba

Iimpawu zelizwe eli lizwe kunye nefuthe ngamancedo ilizwe China - inxalenye yayo yasempuma kuhlala umhlaba olimekayo, ngasentla kunye nentshona kwiindawo emathafeni kunye nehlathi ibekwe kumntla-mpuma nomzantsi-ntshona namadlelo.

Imihlaba kwahluka neyantlukwano. Kwinxalenye osemantla lizwe esilawulwa podzolic, ukutshintsha omdaka, ehlathini. Emzantsi lomhlaba lateritic. indawo entabeni ephakamileyo osondeza uhlobo lomhlaba. Ezibaluleke kakhulu imihlaba nezikhukhula, ezithi zibekwe kwi-Great Plains.

Cropland

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo kweshishini lokwakha kuye kwakhokelela ekuthotyweni umhlaba olimekayo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba la imithombo yendalo China angaphantsi kwe-10% yomhlaba yehlabathi ilungiselelwe ukulima.

Ngelo xesha ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kula mazwe kwiindawo abaphethwe nokunqongophala kwamanzi, etyuwa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Ukwamkela isivuno ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwisithuba sonyaka omnye ngokuyinxenye ukhulula meko. Noko ke, amandla lwesityalo ilinganiselwe. Ukungabikho umhlaba olimekayo unako ukuba isantya sokukhula koqoqosho eTshayina.

Timberland

amahlathi ezinkulu ngu-17% yommandla lilonke lizwe. I inkulu kubo ibekwe Greater kunye Njengomncinane Hinggan kunye kumntla-mpuma lizwe. Ezi amahlathi zinika phantse sesithathu zonke izibonelelo wehlathi lizwe. Iindidi eziphambili imithi ikhula apha - a fir, nespruce, pine Yunnan. Ngaphandle kwezi, kukho kwakhona zibaluleke, ezifana grapefruit umthi, camphor, obomvu, umkhanzi santalinus.

Lidla indawo enkulu (ngaphezu kwe-30%) nokwenza ihlathi ngumntu. iindawo linye zifikelela ummandla weehektare ngaphezu 6370. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwa windbreak China wayefuna ukuba silwe ngumoya ukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Le projekthi inkulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuphuculwa indalo - kukuseka inkqubo yokhuseleko yehlathi, leyo edlula kummandla North China ngokusebenzisa kwintlango nabemi. Kukho iinkqubo eziliqela ngokulima kunye nezityalo nokhuseleko, nto leyo inceda nakwiSizwe lokugcina nokuxhobisa imithombo yendalo China.

umhlaba emifuno

Imeko ethile geographical yelizwe iye yaba negalelo kwiyantlukwano yehlabathi izityalo. Ngaphezulu kwama-30,000 iintlobo ezahlukileyo izityalo eziyinzalelwane China. Phakathi kwazo kukho yedwa ngemisipres fudzyansky, metasequoia gliptostrobovidnaya argirofilla Chinese, eokommiya, uDavide kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngaphezu kwewaka iintlobo zezityalo ezikhulayo kweli lizwe, ube ixabiso eliphezulu loqoqosho. iindawo zendalo zimelwe amahlathi ebanzi-zodonga empumalanga kunye emathafeni utyani, ajike abe semi-entlango entshona.

jikelele silwane

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo China ngokusondeleyo enxulumene abahlala kwintsimi izilwanyana lizwe. Apha kukho malunga ne-9.8% kuzo zonke iintlobo kwi planethi yethu. Abanye babo bahlala ikakhulu e China (Panda, inkawu yegolide, nengwenya Chinese, eku xhulumaneni abamhlophe). Ingaba elk eqhelekileyo, ixhama, amabhere elimdaka, iinkawu, armadillos, iihagu zasendle. Ingakumbi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana iyahluka mpuma China, nto leyo ilawulwa zizilwanyana relict, ezifana bhere uqalo, abamenzelayo imingxuma kunye panda ebomvu.

ngokuvavanywa lwezibonelelo zendalo China, uqhutywe luluntu nabasemagunyeni, ebanceda ukuchonga ixabiso kwezentlalo kunye nexesha ukufumana izisombululo ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa izinto ekrwada.