City Ravenna izinto. Yamangcwaba of Theodoric, le amibala ye Basilica of San Vitale, Ingcwaba wabe kaThixo

Isixeko Italian of Ravenna ekummandla ka Emilia-Romagna, malunga ezilishumi ukusuka kuLwandle lweAdriatic. Izindlu imizila yale lali zinhle, eqaqambileyo, ecocekileyo, ngokugqibeleleyo zithelekiswe omnye komnye, ezifana puzzle. Buhlile iicawa zamaKristu edumileyo Ndiyakuthanda iphalale zonke kwisixeko samandulo.

Ravenna izinto. Basilica of San Vitale

Mhlawumbi le yenye iicawa edume kakhulu futhi ebalulekileyo aseByzantium eYurophu. Unusual kuyilo yayo, kodwa ngaphakathi ingakumbi umdla. Ebhanyabhanya kule Basilica of San Vitale e Ravenna wena wenze okuninzi ngemisebenzi omkhulu wobugcisa, ayinazo lingana ehlabathini.

Ukwakhiwa San Vitale ecaweni yaqala kunyaka 527, emva kokubuya ngubhishophu Ravenna ukusuka Byzantium. Le tempile yakhiwa ngeendleko lesiGrike-percenter, yaye yamiselwa imbeko Vitaly Milan. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Basilica loyilo itshintshile. Ngoko, kwi intsimbi Tower ngenkulungwane XIII, kwinkulungwane XVI lwakhiwe ngenxa yokoyika izikhukula, abasemagunyeni isixeko baye bagqiba kwelokuba baqokelele yonke indlu yecawa ngaphezulu komgangatho ophantsi.

Isakhiwo iimpawu ezithile ziye wajika ibandla ibe njengesingqiniso kwiindawo ezilandelayo zonqulo Carolingian Renaissance. Interior ibandla, unako iiyure. Uninzi igumbi ezihonjiswe izivatho ezenziwe nezemarmore, kodwa neengqameko kunye nezangqa ifumaneka aseByzantium-style ebhanyabhanya: Imizobo ibonisa amabali okuqala yamaKristu. Apha ungabona eni ye waseRoma Justinian kunye nomfazi wakhe neqembu yakhe, izicaphulo kwiTestamente eNdala - lo mkhuba etyholweni elivuthayo kuMoses, umbingelelo ka-Abheli, njalo-njalo ..

Arian Baptistry

Arian lokubhaptiza yakhiwa kwinkulungwane VI, phantsi uKumkani Theodoric. Esi siganeko kwenzeka iminyaka engamakhulu emva kwe yakhiwa lokubhaptiza of Neon. Ravenna (Italy) iye izibonelelo ezimbini olu hlobo, leyo efana kakhulu ngembonakalo. Zombini mancinane, libe ezimilise, eyenziwe ngezitena efanayo.

Kodwa nantsi umhombiso lwangaphakathi kwezi zakhiwo zahluke kakhulu. Ekubeni lokubhaptiza wawenzelwe ukuze kwenziwe isiko yobhaptizo, oko zinokuhonjiswa nemifanekiso efanelekileyo. Kwi kwawo igcwele umboniso Imbasa ubhaptizo kaKristu. Mizobo kwi lokubhaptiza Ariana eyenziweyo style geometrized. I Ostrogoths baba amagcisa obesazeka, eyazi ubugcisa yacaca igolide, kodwa hayi kwi soke yokuluka. Ngoko ke, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba neepateni zelizwe lokubhaptiza Ariana, njengoko, eneneni, kunye Baptistry yobu Neon, zazizaliswe ngamaKristu Orthodox. Ukongeza kaMoses phezu kwawo, kwi lokubhaptiza iziqalelo akukho zokuhombisa ngakumbi.

Wabe kaThixo Ingcwaba

Abakhenkethi ehlabathini jikelele ninomdla Ravenna. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo umzi ezikhethekileyo. . Umzekelo, kwi Alighieri esitratweni, xa Basilica yaseSt Francis, nguye engcwabeni umbhali 'Divine Comedy "- Velikogo wabe. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza kutheni sale wangcwatywa Ravenna. Eli libali ngokwenene umdla.

Ukugxothwa uFlorence

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, wabe owayebandakanyeka ungquzulwano phakathi Guelphs ne Ghibellines. Emva kokuba uloyiso phezu Guelphs utshaba zahlulwe alwayo ezimbini - to 'abamnyama' yaye 'imhlophe "- baza baqalisa umzabalazo komsindo phakathi kwabo. Wabe banawo emhlophe, owathi ngo-1301 woyisa. Imbongi wagwetywa ekuthinjweni waza wamiselwa semali eninzi. Kwimeko non-intlawulo ekubuyeni kwakhe Florence, ngaphantsi kwemithetho xesha, akaba atshiswe esibondeni.

Wabe, ngubani nangokuzinikela wayemthanda lweenkobe Florence wakhe, wacaphuka gqitha yile link. Intlungu lentlungu, wavakalisa ngo "IParadesi". Emva kokufa imbongi e Florence "ngequbuliso" waqonda ukuba ngummi imbongi ongasekhoyo ezinkulu zesizwe, kwaye bafuna ukuba nabasemagunyeni Ravenna ukunika uthuthu zakhe. Ngowe-1519, uPopu Leo X wayalela ukunika iintsalela wembongi, ngubani kwafuneka ukuba kuthuthwa ku Florence. sithathiwe sarcophagus, kodwa lalize.

ukubuya abangaphumelelanga eluthuthwini

Kwathi kanti kamva, i-Franciscans Ravenna wenza umngxuma engcwabeni, iye yasuswa amathambo akhe awangcwabela ngokufihlakeleyo woonongendi Sienese. Ngowe-1810 lendela bayishiya woonongendi kunye lomngcwabo perepryatat e Brachchioforte, nto leyo kumhla wethu ayikho kude kwingcwaba wabe. Le bhokisi bufunyenwe ngethuba umsebenzi wokwakha 1865. Noko ke, emva ngo-1829 ukuze engcwabeni wabe kaThixo yakhiwe e Florence. Ekubeni ke ayinanto.

engcwabeni device yangaphakathi

Nengcwaba wabe e Ravenna na isitalato emxinwa nangokuzola, ekupheleni kwayo ingabonwa sisikhumbuzo ezindilisekileyo kodwa enesidima. It yenzelwe kwindawo uhlobo neoclassical ngo-1780 yi Camillo Morigami. Ngaphakathi kukho ala kunye epitaph Latin, elisecaleni Bernardo Kanachchio ngo-1327. isitsha Ngaphezu wazikrola isiqabu ka P. Lombardo, nto leyo ubonisa imbongi, uxakeke ingcinga. Isebenza ngokuhlala emva edesikeni. Ngaphezu koku Bas-ukukhululeka yaba yinxalenye yomhombiso embindini kwingcwaba wabe ise ibandla yaseSt Francis. Ravenna, apho izinto akhuselwe ngononophelo kakhulu ngabasemagunyeni kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni kunokuba sibe nebhongo ezikhumbuzo angathethekiyo ibekwe endaweni yayo.

yamangcwaba of Theodoric

Oku kunokuba Ukulinganisela ngembonakalo, yamangcwaba ubungakanani obuncinane ukwakweli ngaphandle kwesixeko. It yayakhelwe ingcwaba lakhe elizayo yi-Ostrogoths nguKumkani. bendawo abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngaphandle le lesikhumbuzo akunakucingelwa Ravenna (Italy). Eyona nto kukuba esi sixeko watshabalala ngaphezu kokuba ezikhumbuzo kuphela zwe. Kwakhona Theodoric wayengenguye lokumkani zamaKristu, nto leyo eyenza kube ekhethekileyo kwingcwaba kwisibonelelo uhlobo.

Abakhenkethi abaninzi kwingxelo ngokutsha abebehamba Ravenna. Okubonwayo aloo mzi zahlukile kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokubona le yamangcwaba, akukho namnye ucinga ukuba esi sakhiwo angafaka ukutsala ingqalelo, ngakumbi emva kokubukela le Kuze omkhulu kwaye obubalaseleyo mzi. Le inqaba encinane elakhiwe lekalika ukuba amajukujuku engundoqo, netoti apho kunganeno kweemitha ezi-ezilishumi. Le yamangcwaba yakhiwa kwindawo esebenzayo ngexesha amangcwaba nalungela ukuthi, ngexesha ngaphandle Ravenna.

Xa Ravenna yathatyathwa * uKhesare uRima Yustiniana, Theodoric wathwala Amanxiwa yamangcwaba, waza waqalisa ukusebenzisa isakhiwo indlwana. Ngoko ke, iindwendwe kufuneka wazi ukuba akukho namnye yangcwatywa yamangcwaba ka Theodoric: i sarcophagus imibala emnyama obomvu ayinamdlali.

Ulwakhiwo yamangcwaba indawo yolawulo entlu-mbini, decahedral. Kumgangatho ephezulu kukho igumbi ngokuba ingcwaba, kwicandelo ephantsi - ecaweni. Yaye iindonga ngaphakathi kwaye ngaphandle yamangcwaba akukho imihombiso. Ngaphakathi apho uhombiso, ukongeza sarcophagus - ". Bath" enamandla ngentlama abomvu, leyo oqingqiweyo okhethekileyo Namhlanje sarcophagus umi evulekileyo, ngaphandle inshorensi, kanye embindini izakhiwo.

The Dome le yamangcwaba

Ukuba kwenzeka kutyelela e Ravenna, qiniseka ukuba ukundwendwela yamangcwaba kwaye banikele ingqalelo nkundla yayo. Yena elalixholwe ngelitye elinye anobunzima abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Loo umatshini ukuze uphakamise phezulu ngaloo mihla kwakungenakwenzeka, kodwa abakhi wafumana isisombululo lokuqala - i yamangcwaba yambathiswa ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni a amajukujuku elikhulu Nakatu banduluka phezulu, uze ke umhlaba isusiwe.

sanixelela nje ezinye izinto, nto idume Ravenna. Le dolophu emangalisayo, iindawo ezininzi umdla apha. Sinethemba lokuba uza kufumana ithuba lokuba aye Italy uze ubone iindawo umdla Ravenna amehlo akhe.