Ukufuduka International yabemi

kwamanye amazwe - intshukumo zabemi kwibhulorho na imida. Abemi abangena lizwe kuthiwa abafudukele ukuhamba ngaphandle kurhulumente - kwamanye amazwe.

Imfuduko yabantu ihlelwa iintlobo eziliqela.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhamba kwabantu abanqumla imida meko iyakuba yeyesigxina (ngaphambi) umlinganiswa. Kulo mzekelo, abemi ihamba ukuba yokuhlala isigxina ukwamkelwa lizwe.

Kukho ixesha rhoqo nokuya labemi. Yokuhlala kule meko idla ngokuba ncinane ukuya kwixesha ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emithandathu (ngenxa umsebenzi, usapho, ubudala kunye ngesondo neempawu wokungenela, kwakunye ngenxa ukuxhomekeka okuqhubekayo ngobume imfuduko ephumayo). Ezi abasebenzi ebizwa manani ngamazwe "abasebenzi bethutyana on contract", "Abantu ixesha elide kunye besiba" okanye "abasebenzi abasisigxina."

entry zexesha elifutshane (kwisithuba sonyaka omnye) ubizwa ngokuba onyaka. Njengomgaqo, ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha kulo mzekelo, faka lizwe ngenxa yomsebenzi kumacandelo ezoqoqosho ukuze onyaka ngokwendalo (umzekelo, iinkonzo, ezolimo).

Iindidi intshukumo zonyaka kwabahlali nomadism. Le yokufudukela eqhelekileyo, isikakhulu kuMbindi Mpuma, eNtshona Afrika. Njengoko iindidi intshukumo yamaxesha onyaka, kukho oluya kwiindawo ezingcwele.

Beya labantu (cross-umda, isiphekepheke) - kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, ngemihla (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, qho ngeveki) ukuhamba kwabantu kuyo umda kunye umva. Abemi abangena kakhulu elizweni ukusebenza, ebizwa ngokuba 'esebenza' frontalerami. "Olu hlobo lokufuduka sele ziyinto eqhelekileyo Intshona Melika kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Umzekelo, amashumi amawaka abantu bewela mihla umda US kunye Canada.

Oku kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo na uhlobo lokufuduka mthethweni. Abemi eyenza ngasese ufake amanye amazwe kufuna umsebenzi. Umzekelo, nomda US ukususela Mexico kunyaka ngamnye uya ngaphezu kwesigidi abantu. kude nekhaya ngokungekho mthethweni yaye wabiza abo bangena lizwe ngokusemthethweni (njengoko abakhenkethi okanye isimemo), kodwa kamva waya kuhlala phantsi ukusebenza ngokungekho kuMbuso kunokwamkela.

Inani abafakwa efihlakeleyo linyuke kakhulu ukususela ngo-1970. Esikuyo inani labo phantse akunakwenzeka. Umzekelo, kwi-US inani basemzini efihlakeleyo kwi iindidi ezimbini ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu yezigidi eYurophu - ukususela 1.3 yezigidi ukuya ku-5 million eJapan - ukususela yayingamakhulu amathathu amawaka ukuya kwizigidi zabantu.

ukuba Oonobangela lokufuduka kwezi amatyala anxulumene neemeko zezopolitiko, okusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho. Ubukhulu becala abantu abafudukayo efihlakeleyo yakutya kakhulu kwaye abasebenzi abaza kuhlawulwa ukuba ngoosomashishini.

imida yokuwela Ukunyanzelwa kukwanxulunyaniswa yokusingqongileyo ezopolitiko imeko kwilizwe lokunduluka. Le kwabantu kwacaca ngo-sharing-1980-90. Ngeli xesha, ukufuduka abemi wazuza kakhulu. Oku kuye kwabangela ezininzi iingxaki. ukubana Ukunyanzelwa uye waba jikelele ngokwendalo ngoko kuye kwachaphazela amazwe amaninzi. Ngenxa yoko, Ngokwezibalo, malunga 87% yeembacu bahlala kumazwe asakhasayo. Yi 90 th nyaka linyukile kakhulu inani labantu abafudukayo ngaphakathi abaye bangena kwezoqoqosho kumazwe aphuhlileyo ukuhlala elifutshane elide uhlale yabagula ngengqondo.

A uhlobo olulodwa zemfuduko kwabahlali intshukumo episodic yabemi. umda ezinxulumene yokuwela kulo mzekelo kuphela kunye nokhenketho kweli nakumazwe okanye ezinye uhambo amazwe.