Concept, iintlobo, ukubaluleka, imizekelo lokufunda nokubhala. ingxaki nokubhala. Formation of lokufunda nokubhala. Wokuphucula amanqanaba olwazi lokufunda. NokuBhala - lo nto ...

Nangona ukufumaneka ngokubanzi amaziko emfundo nelezinye iintlobo zonke iinkcukacha, ingxaki lokufunda nokubhala ikhona kule mihla.

definition

Literacy - le izinga lolwazi nezakhono kwindawo ethile, kwakunye nokwazi ukusebenzisa kubo practice. The degree of ekufundeni isifundo okanye ngenye indlela imisela ukufumaneka kolwazi oluthile umntu.

Ekuqaleni, isigama lokufunda nokubhala iye yasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lolwazi kwezakhono zokufunda nokubhala ngokungqinelana nemigangatho ulwimi lweenkobe. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, le njengengqiqo Ndizuze intsingiselo ngokubanzi kwaye ngoku lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela iqondo eliphezulu ulwazi kwezinye iindawo. Kukho izinto ezifana nokubhala kwezoqoqosho, ezomthetho, ngokwasengqondweni, zeteknoloji ngokwenzululwazi.

ukuqaphela ulwazi

Izinga lokufunda nokubhala - enye yeengxaki njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi kwinkqubo yemfundo ekhoyo ngoku. Kuthetha nje ukukwazi ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko, kodwa kwakhona ukukwazi kukhokelwa uthotho lolwazi, ukuhlalutya bahlanganise olu lwazi, ukufumana nokusebenzisa nabo practice.

Xa inkqubo ezininzi zoqeqesho emfundo aphakamileyo kunye ephakamileyo yaseYurophu eyahlukileyo kweyethu. Umahluko ephambili ilele ekufundiseni abafundi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi, kunokuba ulwandlalo ukunkqaya. Kakade ke, uphuhliso imemori kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi nkqubo yemfundo kubalulekile nje ukuba ukufunda, kodwa kufunda indlela kwizigqibo kunye intekelelo, ukufumana izisombululo ezinye, funda ubudlelwane phakathi ezahlukeneyo xa uqala, umbandela phantsi kwengxoxo, engaphendulekiyo, ukuxhasa izityholo zakhe iingxoxo ezivakalayo, njalo-njalo.

uhlobo

Umsebenzi wophando Study ibandakanya ntlobo zilandelayo lokufunda nokubhala:

• Literacy ekufundeni nasekubhaleni.
• Ukuphatha abathwali ulwazi (iikhompyutha kunye nezinye elektroniki).
• Ukukwazi ukuzuza kwicandelo lothungelwano.
• Media nokubhala.
• Ulwazi.

Ingongoma lokugqibela idibanisa elidlulileyo kwaye isitshixo. Kwinkulungwane xxi kufuneka bakwazi ukumelana lula ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye ilifa ukukwazi ukufumana ngokukhawuleza, ufumana ukuze udlulise ulwazi kwindawo ethile.

Ukuphatha izakhono zekhompyutha

Kuba okokuqala kule kota yaphakanyiswa yi umongameli we-Association of Industry Information Paul Zurkovski. Le mbono ingachazwa ubuchule ukusebenzisa iseti ulwazi computer nezakhono zokusombulula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, liceba izinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye balindele iziphumo zabo. Ukususela ngelo langoku ulwazi ixesha technology yinxalenye yoluntu, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha iye ebaluleke ngaphantsi ukufunda nokubhala. Olu lwazi ungakwazi kakhulu ukukhawulezisa inkqubo ekufumaneni ulwazi oluyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi inkalo nenzululwazi, ubugcisa, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa. ubuchwepheshe obufanayo ubukhulu becala yaququzelela Ukusebenzisana kwabantu kunye nolwazi oluqhubekayo emfuleni.

Network nokubhala

Le mbono ngokusondeleyo ukuya kwindawo yangaphambili. Unxibelelwano nge-Intanethi iye yaba yinxalenye yobomi yoluntu. Olu hlobo lonxibelelwano bayathetha nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo inkqubo kwengqondo. Ukongeza kwizakhono khompyutha kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ulwazi, kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuphuhlisa ukucinga ezibalulekileyo.

kwinqanaba yenkcubeko

Nabani na oye kwafuneka ukuba baye phesheya, mhlawumbi waphawula ukuba ngokufuthi ulwazi ngolwimi lwasemzini ayanelanga ukuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo balapho. Oku kungenxa kwiimpawu zenkcubeko nezentlalo zelizwe ngalinye. Naluphi na ulwimi - akukho iseti nje elomileyo iiyunithi lungelelanisa kunye nemigaqo zegrama, kodwa inkqubo lokuphila eguqukayo ngenxa yokusebenzisana nezinye iinkcubeko. Akwenzeki ukuba ukufunda ulwimi olutsha, ngaphandle ngabom imbali, ngamava enkcubeko kunye nezithethe nezentlalo zelizwe. Formation lokufunda nokubhala ngokwembono nenkalo yenkcubeko ithetha kuphela ukwazana uluhlu olubanzi ulwazi olusisiseko. Le inkululeko yokuzisebenzisa. Ngenxa lokufunda yenkcubeko - imbono kuquka kungekuphela nje izakhono zonxibelelwano ngokungqinelana imigaqo yolwimi, kodwa eninzi yezinye ulwazi. Le yokuziphatha, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa izafobe ulwimi (izangotshe, izafobe, amaqhalo), ulwazi izithethe namasiko, iintsomi, kwicala yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko, kwaye ngaphezulu.

nokubhala Psychological

Le ndawo ibandakanya zonke iintlobo izakhono: ukukwazi ukuseka uqhagamshelwano, lokuphikisa, ukugxeka, engaphendulekiyo, ukwenza, ukuthetha phambi kwabaphulaphuli. Ngokubanzi, oku kuquka yonke into enxulumene nemiba kubudlelwane kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano.

Indlela ukuphucula ukufunda nokubhala upelo

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba ukukwazi ukubhala ngokuchanekileyo isegazini. Noko ke, echasene inkolelo ethandwayo, ekufunyanweni obu buchule iyafumaneka kuwo wonke. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo - ukuqalisa ekukhuliseni umntwana esemncinane. Emva koko, inkqubo yokufunda iya kuqhubeka nge lula.

Imisebenzi yokuqala zemfundo umntwana isekelwe phezu bexelisa intetho yabanye, kuba kubalulekile ukudala imeko elula. izakhono zolwimi akhiwa ngenxa abazali, ukukwazi ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo kwamagama kwi amagama ukwakha izivakalisi, amabinzana ukufumana efanelekileyo kwimeko nganye, kwaye ngempumelelo ukunxibelelana. Ngenxa yokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuthetha nomntwana wakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukufunda ngokuvakalayo amabali kunye nemibongo. Kamva, xa esiva ukuba ukuzifundela ngokwabo, upelo oluchanekileyo lwamagama kunye namabinzana kunye kophindo ezininzi ziya kudipozithwa kwimemori. Ukongeza, kukho ezahlukeneyo umdlalo ngokwasengqondweni enengqondo.

Ubangelwa zokungafundi

Xa kuthelekiswa elidlulileyo ngoku sele kulula ukukhangela naziphi na iinkcukacha. Phantse wonke umntu ithuba lokusebenzisa iinkqubo zekhompyutha ukugcina umkhondo iimpazamo zopelo kunye okubhala, fumana zonke iintlobo iincwadi, isichazi-magama kunye neencwadi reference. Noko ke ingxaki nokubhala kuhlala efanelekileyo unanamhla.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi kwinqanaba elisezantsi lolwazi ulwimi lweenkobe:

• Ukungabikho kwiimfuno zokufunda. Iincwadi lusoloko indawo ngamanye zokuzonwabisa: ukubukela zonke iintlobo TV, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, imidlalo yekhompyutha nezinye izinto. Kunye naluphi na ulwazi ungafumana kwi Internet. Usongela nje kuphela nalwazi jikelele, kodwa kukho ukuhla kwinqanaba ngokwengqondo, ukonakala yokucinga okunobuchule.
• ukufunda iincwadi ezingekho mgangathweni. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuvela uncwadi ngakumbi ukonwabisa ngakumbi, nto leyo, ukongeza ukungabikho semgangathweni kolwazi luncedo, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana okuninzi upelo, zegrama iimpazamo zobugcisa.
• Unxibelelwano kwi Internet. In ezahlukeneyo amagumbi chat kunye neeforam amaninzi zifumaneka slang, izifinyezo, kunye nokuphathwa gadalala kunye zopelo. Loo indlela kungaba umkhuba. Ngelishwa, kwabanye izakhono zabantu - yinto ngaphandle apho onokuyenza kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Musani ukucinga imidlalo yokuzonwabisa abantwana

Ukuba akazange ibonakala inkqubo yemfundo yomntwana kabuhlungu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqhuba uqeqesho ngohlobo umdlalo:

• Ngamagama. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku uhlobo lokuzonwabisa ezikrelekrele kunceda ukwandisa isigama. Ngaphandle crossword eqhelekileyo kunye izintlu zemisebenzi ngamazwi, kukho abo apho imibuzo thaca ngohlobo imifanekiso. Lo mdlalo uya kumnceda umntwana wakho afunde wokubona udlulise ulwazi.
• Various imidlalo igama yomlomo: ukukhethwa izicengcelezo, umzi, igama search, ukuqala kwindawo yegama elithile, njalo-njalo.
• Imidlalo ephepheni: ukwenza amagama amaninzi elifutshane enye ubude, "Inyoka", apho igama ngalinye elandelayo iqala elinonobumba yokugqibela okanye zamagama miba, "Field Dreams", "Isidubedube" - umdlalo apho kufuneka ukuba uqokelele ilizwi amakhadi axutywe iincwadi .
• imidlalo ebhodini: "સ્કૅનર isikena" kunye nenguqulelo Russian ye "સ્કૅનર isikena".
• Abambe imithetho ngendlela playful. Ngaloo imizekelo nokubhala kukhumbuleke lula kakhulu:
  - "akukuhle, ukuba abafezekanga yaye yingozi eloyikekayo: ukubhala ileta engento kangaka";
  - "nantoni na, into, into, into - apha hyphens Musa ukulibala";
  - "Ndatshata nodandatheko kakhulu."
• Kwakhona iluncedo kakhulu ukuphuhlisa memory ezibonwayo. Uyakwazi anikele umntwana wakho uqheliso zilandelayo: Fumana iiyantlukwano ezilishumi kule mifanekiso mibini, ukubonisa amanye iipateni kwi ephepheni, waza wacela ukuba ukuzala oko akubona ngentloko.

Abantwana abadala sele ukunikela ukwakhiwa ayingaphandle ngamagama kwakunye nokubhala izincoko, amabali amafutshane kunye nemibongo. Oku kuya kusomeleza kakhulu kumgangatho womntwana ngokwasengqondweni, kuya kunceda ukuphuhlisa ngqondweni nokucinga okunobuchule.

Kwakhona kubalulekile kakhulu kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano ukuphelisa kunokwenzeka iimpazamo intetho: ilungelo lokusebenzisa lidibanise amagama namabinzana (umzekelo, isinxibo, banxibe), ukubeka ugxininiso kwi-magama (amakhonkco, nemiqhathane), kunye nangaphezulu.

Ukuba amanye amagama kunokubangela iingxaki, ungenza ukwenza isichazi-magama esisesakho xa emisela iiyunithi ezinzima lungelelanisa. Emva koko, ngala mazwi ukubamba dictations ezincinane. Enye ingcamango - ukudlala indlela "ukufaka ileta elishiyiweyo." phindo Multiple kuya kukunceda upelo oluchanekileyo lwamagama ukuba automatism.

Literacy - sisakhono enokuthi ngokulula fumana okanye ukuphuhlisa, kodwa izifundo kufuneka rhoqo. Kakade ke, isikolo liya kuqhuba iqela elikhulu olulandelenayo ezahlukeneyo kwi lokuguqula phonetic, morphological kunye syntactic. Ngokuba indlu ayinqweneleki ukwenza iiklasi ezinjalo. Kungcono agonye umntwana wakho uthando iincwadi, wayemnika iintlobo ngeentlobo, ukuba aqhube inkqubo yemfundo ngendlela umdlalo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uqeqesho kwenzeke lula.

inani iincwadi

Ukuphucula ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala - enye yezona ndawo ibaluleke gqitha yenkqubo yemfundo. Kakade ke, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa zizibonelelo imigaqo kunye nezithethe ulwimi lomthonyama, kulandele ukulungisa imveliso kwi practice. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokunganeli. Abo abafuna ukuphucula izakhono zabo imbono kunye ntetho ngezimvo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekufundeni iincwadi ezahlukeneyo. Kungcono ukuba zincede zikhethe ezo ababhali, ngubani na kakuhle ngamazwi enemibala uchaze ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Ukufunda iincwadi elungileyo inceda ukuphuhlisa bubuciko, ubuchule bokucinga, ukukwazi ukungena undoqo yezinto.

ukufunda nokuqonda

Le nto ibandakanya ubuchule bomntu ukuvakalisa ngobuchule iingcinga ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ngolwimi lweenkobe nangona engayazi imithetho. Olu hlobo ubuchule kudla ikhula abantu abaye wafunda lukhulu. In memory wabeka upelo, iziphumlisi, kunye neempawu zendlela inkqubo ulwimi. Ukongezelela, abantu ukufunda kuphuhliswe elungileyo enengqiqo yokucinga, bubuciko kunye nokukwazi nokuqiqa bulumko.

Indima nokubhala eluntwini

Ngokuqinisekileyo, umntu uyakwazi ukuvakalisa indlela iingcamango zabo, awehlelwa elulwimini-esile libotshelelwe, yabonisa ngokungqinelana nemigangatho zobugcisa ulwimi lweenkobe kwaye abhale ngaphandle iimpazamo, unalo ithuba elingcono kakhulu okufumana imfundo ophambili, uze ufumane umsebenzi olungileyo. ulwazi jikelele ngokwenkcubeko yinto ebaluleke ngaphantsi imfundo yobugcisa.

Ixabiso lokufunda nokubhala kunzima ukuba zazi. Le yenye indlela abaluleke eyahlula uluntu ngendlela eyayingekaphuhli kwaye abangafundanga ukusuka phambili. Ngokutsho umbutho UNESCO World, inqanaba eliphezulu nolwimi lomlomo kunye nolwimi olubhaliweyo kudlala indima engundoqo kwimfundo esisiseko, uloyiso phezu ubuhlwempu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo uluntu.