Diego Velaskes (Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velazquez): bobuchule kunye ngobomi (ifoto)

Ummeli evelele yokudweba iSpanish lwekhulu i "zegolide" i realist Diego Velaskes. umsebenzi yakhe eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka kwabanye ngengqiqo zakhe uhlobo imodeli, isongo full-omeleleyo yaye ubuthathaka, ingqiqo esikhathazayo ngokuvumelana. Yaba nguye lowo wazibeka iziseko ubuchule yaseYurophu lo mfanekiso engqondweni. Le biographers baye babonisa ukuba Diego lula ukunika ezininzi ngenzululwazi. Kungekudala waqala ukuqokelela ithala leencwadi, njengoko kwabantwana abancinane bafunda ukufunda. Ezizezi libonisa abanomdla izifundo zenzululwazi ezininzi Velasquez, kodwa egudileyo kakhulu kodwa ke ukupeyinta kuye.

ebuntwaneni

Kwisixeko waseSeville kwintsapho olihlwempu kodwa amanene amaYuda ubuKristu yesithandathu ngoJuni 1599 kokuba azalwe Velaskes Diego De Silva. Waba mdala kubantwana abasibhozo entsatsheni. Ngokutsho isiko elithandwayo Andalusian Diego kunye umzalwana wakhe (kwakhona umfanekiso) wathabatha ifani kanina. Bayahlelwa elizayo nkwenkwe ubukhulu becala kumiselwa ukuba uyise wakhe inzalelwane Portugal. Ekuqaleni, Diego, kwakunye nabanye abantwana abangamakhwenkwe, wathunyelwa kwisikolo sigodlo Latin.

Kodwa xa eneminyaka esithoba umntwana sele sho amandla ngenxa yobugcisa, ngoko uyise wamnika ukufunda kumasifundisane eyayithandwa ngexesha eSpeyin Herrera mculi. Fact umsebenzi okhethiweyo kube ngumngeni ngenxa begazi yengingqi, njengoko uvumo mculi yayigqalwa liboniswa yomsebenzi amanene. Indlela emi ngayo Utitshala amandla, ngenxa yokuba lo Velasquez wafundela ukuba ixesha elifutshane wizard, yaye kamva ngonyaka inkwenkwe wayesebenza kumasifundisane Francisco Pacheco, umfundisi emangalisayo, ndiyamthanda kudala.

Endlwini Pacheco

Diego Velaskes wahlala workshop Pacheco phambi kokufumana isihloko inkosi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. Kuyinto ngenxa icebiso njengomfundisi wakhe, yena kuphuhlisa ubuchule ukuzala kakuhle indalo. Apha ukusebenza Diego Velaskesa thaca lo mfanekiso ulandelayo: "Nasono Kwakhe Ekukhawulweni", "isidlo", "iSidlo e-Emawusi", "Wawuzisa omdala", "amanzi-carrier", "nobusuku ye abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi", "uKristu Endlwini uMarta noMariya", "Musicians".

Emva kokuphumelela emcebisayo, nto leyo kwatsala isidima, ubunyulu, brilliance, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezintle umfundi wakhe, wamnika atshate intombi yakhe ekuphela, elinesithandathu Juan Miranda. Ebudeni beminyaka emithathu yokuqala sitshatile, esi sibini wayeneentombi ezimbini. Xa wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye, Diego Velaskes wavula studio yakhe. Xa imisebenzi okuqala umdla kwabonakala umzobi xa abamele abantu abaqhelekileyo. Yena libonisa ladies abanekratshi Andalusian amadoda ezingwevu ubudala, amakhwenkwe funny kunye nabantu abatsha Spanish. Kunye nezinye kwabayili Spanish Diego libhekisela ibali yezibhalo, kodwa abangekho indawo enkulu kubomi lombhali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mifanekiso musa ukuba umbala limangalisa, efana, kunoko, imifanekiso ngemihla.

Ukufudukela Madrid

Ukufakela yonke kwinkundla ukulandelwa kayise, namatakane (iminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala) uPhilippe umlawuli wesine ndafunda ukuba siphila Seville abanetalente ngomzobi Spanish Velasquez, owayebizwa ngoko nangoko ebhotwe.

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-24, kunye noyise Diego ifika e Madrid. wakhona iya isiba inkulumbuso olivares. "Umfanekiso uKumkani Philip IV» zipeyintwe yi lomculi yimpumelelo enkulu, emva koko wawongwa isihloko opeyintayo wenkundla. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, lo msebenzi na makangehli ukuya maxesha ethu.

umsebenzi elichaza

Ngoku, Diego Velaskes, ogama engobomi uba imibala ngakumbi eqaqambileyo, ayisayi kuxhomekeka imisebenzi yasendlini. Yena kwelinye izindlu karhulumente amaphiko ebhotweni kade, kwaye namadlelo, kwi woxande olude, isiphathele kumasifundisane eliphangaleleyo. Waye isitshixo senginginya kunye uPhilip ngokwakhe, yonke imihla wayethanda ukuba bagcine umsebenzi umdali. Le ethile kuphela olu hlobo ubomi nomqathango kwizifundo Imizobo ukuba wenza Velaskes Diego. Portrait iminyaka emininzi baba uhlobo yakhe ephambili. Ukumkani yena nabantwana bakhe, zaye zabhalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo imisebenzi wegcisa. Ngakumbi rhoqo limele le Infanta UMargarita, intombi yokumkani. Ukuba yasinda eni, kwezibonakalayo ebusweni ukutshintsha njengoko angakhuli kwaye ekukhuleni.

Diego Velasquez wazuza zaqhutywa, umqondiso incasa esibi ukungabikho umzobo umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, inani elikhulu imifanekiso ngamagosa kunye abezopolitiko, kwakunye gallery abameli abadumileyo kwenkcubeko Spanish.

"Le ukugxothwa ubuKatolika"

Kodwa hayi kuphela unqulo ngendalo yabangela Diego, nomona kuye kwakhokelela kungquzulwano ngenxa yokuba uMdali oselula ibingento nezithethe emfundo artists kakhulu ohloniphekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, xa ukunyanzelisa of "namaqabane abaphezulu 'yakhe yaba ukhuphiswano, apho umbhali kunyaka-28 ubudala wabhala zembali enkulu umfanekiso" Ukuphuma amaSilamsi. " Sinikezelwa ukugxothwa evela kwilizwe bonke abahlali imvelaphi Arab, le nxalenye ezibuhlungu kwimbali yelizwe.

Yoliswa iye yabangela umsebenzi ezenziwa Diego Velaskes. Imifanekiso, iinkcazelo apho obabulingana kwindawo esemthethweni, ejinga kwelinye kwiiholo komkhulu, zigcwaliswe kunye elibukhali, epheleleyo yokuthetha, umsebenzi wobugcisa. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa wayalelwa ukuya kwindawo apho kwakukho imifanekiso ozithandayo kakumkani - kwiHolo yezibuko.

Ke ukuba umbhali, wafumana omkhulu, obephethe igumbi lokulala elingana, umgcini indawo yasebukhosini emnyango. Umona kunye nentando zambi akukho impembelelo indlela phezu iimpawu zomntu Velazquez. Waligcina inkululeko ephakathi ukusuka sivumelane yezikhulu Spanish. Lo mfanekiso, ngelishwa, iye yachitheka ukuya namhlanje.

izifundo yamandulo

Velaskes Diego, ogama imizobo na engaqhelekanga amasiko endawo, ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu nasekugqibezeleni wobugcisa enjalo ibali lakudala njengoko "Drunks," okanye "Bacchus". Le umzobo obonisa isiko lokwaluka waya abazalwana kaThixo. Apha kukho sele ukhetho ngenkalipho kweentlobo kunye neempawu esengqiqweni abameli underclass i oluntu ngelo xesha. Zonke ngobungcali yabulawa, efana yokubonela mihla yaye kuboniswe uncwadi ungalawulekiyo, ubukrakra, kumnandi. Kodwa ngokubanzi, igcisa uyawuhlonipha themba kunye nokomelela abantu bayo.

Ukuba ibali lamandulo wamvumela ukuba ndaphule kunye ngoku zemveli imifanekiso uhlobo ingaphakathi. Ngenxa intshukumo kubuzaza zokukhanya iba imibala made kunye nemali engakumbi. Kodwa kodwa umahluko kakhulu ukukhanya nethunzi, ngoko ke wendawo yangasemva a heavyweight encinane, ekubeni le ndlela intsha kumbhali. A ukuyazi epheleleyo ngakumbi umdali bafumana kamva.

Uhambo eItali. Velaskes Diego: "obujoliswe of Vulcan"

Resolution kakumkani mhlawumbi icebiso Rubens, kunye umphathi ezaziwayo-kakuhle Ambrosio Spinola Velasquez liya usingasiqithi ekufuphi, apho iikopi imizobo kunye imizobo abaculi abaziwayo, Uqhelene sculpture yamandulo umsebenzi bomhla wakhe. Olu hambo yandile zexa Diego kunye wanceda ukuphucula isakhono. Kweli xesha lomsebenzi echumayo kakhulu Diego Velaskes. "Obujoliswe of Vulcan" yabhalwa nguye kwikomkhulu of Italy. Ukutolikwa webali wentsomi apha yokuqala kakhulu. Umbhali uye zazibonisa mzuzu lokufumana Vulcan (uthixo lomlilo) ukusuka Apollo iindaba umfazi imbuka (Venus).

Lo msebenzi earthiness ndingekhoyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa uMdali isigqebelo apha buqapheleke ngokucacileyo. Nangona izibane Apollo kaThixo, umfanekiso walo kakhulu prosaic. Vulcan namahlakani bakhe thaca abantu musa ziyahluka ubuhle kaThixo.

Eli lizwe usinike okuninzi Velasquez, ukupeyinta wakhe waba nobugoci-goci bayo aqolileyo, amathunzi ezimnyama naya imigca ezibukhali, iye yaba landscape imvelaphi ebalulekileyo kakhulu.

"Ukubuyisela Breda"

Ubuhle balo yi wegcisa thaca ubugcisa yayo imizobo emfazweni single - 'Ukubuyisela Breda ". Oku kubonisa isiganeko ukuwa kwenqaba Dutch ka Breda, ungqingwe abantu baseSpeyin. umphathi wakhe Yustin Nassausky wanika izitshixo umphathi Spanish Spinola.

Kunye ke iboniswe embindini ngelaphu. Kruthu ubunzima ngokoyiswa Nassau Lisuka nje ukuba uphumeleleyo enesitshixo ngesandla. Kwelinye icala kwi isikrweqe emnyama ezixineneyo baseSpeyin nemikhonto neyi ukuvelisa ingqiqo ukongama namandla abemi squad Spanish.

izisombululo zobugcisa ubutsha, kwakunye ukuchana umfanekiso zeziganeko zembali womzobo yaba isityhilelo ngexesha layo.

Kodwa portraits ezi uhlobo ephambili ngemisebenzi Velazquez. Baye isiya isohluka nangakumbi kumafa kunye isisombululo kufanekisela. Konke oku kudityaniswe nenkululeko amahle kakhulu ka egwetyiwe nokutolikwa nenkangeleko. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uthotho enemifanekiso yabantu buffoons kunye UDema okudalwe wizard. Ngeli xesha lo mfanekiso lokwenyaniso zipeyintwe Kwamacala uyakwalela ibali "Venus ne cupid" kunye ezinqabileyo umzobo Spanish obonisa umzimba nude ababhinqileyo.

Imizobo zonqulo. Ndwendwela eRoma

ukumkani Spanish ukuya loonongendi of San Diego wayalela Placido picture. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba "I Emnqamlezweni kaKristu" Waphuma umbhali impumelelo engalawulekiyo, nokubunjwa kwayo okumangalisayo elula. Umfanekiso kaKristu akanayo yangasemva landscape, umbhali uzame ukubonisa ukubandezeleka lincinane ebusweni bakhe. Olinganise iphelele, ke, ezahlukileyo izinqumo dystrophy. Painting kudala umoya zezinto enzulu kuthi cwaka.

Kunye nale mculi beqabe imifanekiso nesinye isiqulatho efanayo. Velaskes Diego, ogama imizobo Ndilizukisile kwakhona watyelela Italy. Imisebenzi eyenziwe apha, bazisa uMdali ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi. Owona mzekelo iphawulekayo i "Portrait uPopu Innocent X», nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba isakhono enkulu yokudweba, ngezengqondo enzulu kunye neempawu kabukhali.

Le abangooBhishophu uboniswa ihleli esitulweni ekwenzeni ngezikhondo zamehlo engundoqo ziyingozi. It igcwala iqhekeza kwaye ulunika liveliness le umbala lubalaseleyo ebomvu, ingakumbi olunzulu ekukhanyeni eshushu. Ngaphandle efuna ukucola ubuso ezimbi Pope, umbhali ezotywe inkangeleko ongenanceba kwaye nzima yakhe, ubuntu kunye namandla ngaphakathi. Phambi kokuba ababukeli ubonakala akangomntu ngokomoya, kodwa njengomlawuli wempangelo - ekrelekrele, eNamandla, wengcibi yokuluka, sokonakala ukhohlakele.

Nangona umvuzo somusa umfanekiso, wafumana Innocent oko kuyinyaniso kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa oonobumba kaFilipu, woyika ukuphulukana lomculi Diego Velaskes (biography elifutshane akakuphosi isiganeko esinye ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe) emva kwabo. Emva koko ke ukumkani uphakamisa ukuba kwisikhundla liphezulu kurhulumente - Marshal, emva koko igcisa ufumana ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo.

"Las Meninas"

Ngeli xesha, umbhali engundoqo umfanekiso zithathwa ezinkulu-esikalini ukubunjwa "Inkolelo of Arachne" yaye "Las Meninas."

indalo kakhulu Diego xa kucingwa womzobo "Las Meninas." Eli gama kubonisa Ibhinqa, endingowakhe kwintsapho yeengcungcu, eyaba sisicakakazi of imbeko Infanta Spanish. Ukubunjwa le mveliso yinto engaqhelekanga.

Umzobi kuboniswe enye emagumbini iRoyal Palace - enkulu kunye lisibekele. Kwinxalenye lasekhohlo kwayo lokukhwelisa kwakufanele kufuphi ngelaphu enkulu kwaye ayithethi kakuhle lentsapho nguKumkani. umbukeli lwakhe reflection uyakwazi ukubona esipilini ibekwe emva umdali. Embindini wegumbi engqongwe UDema ezimbini Menin exabisa UMargarita, uyathandeka Infanta omncinane. Emva kwazo amanani nene kunye lady lenkundla, nangenxa ucango oluvulekileyo ngasemva - i-Grand Marshal benkosikazi.

amagcisa yaseYurophu Velazquez ngowokuqala ukubonisa ubomi kweqonga yakomkhulu. Little infante kunye nabakhonzazana of nozuko uvezwa imizwa olukhulu. Omnye wabo, ngako yokuziphatha, esiwa ngamadolo phambi nguMargarita, Imnika iglasi yamanzi. Ezincinanana kubonakala ihamba kwaye siqhuba inja enkulu kunye nenomlanga amafutha a daze ebesoyika.

Kakhulu kunzima ukuchaza uhlobo, sibe apho umfanekiso Diego Velaskesa 'Las Meninas. " Apha omanyeneyo izinto portraits yamaqela nemifanekiso uhlobo. Umbhali wayekwazi zidluliselwa iya ngaphaya isithuba ngelaphu, ugalele ukukhanya nomoya ukusuka window ezivulekileyo.

"Inkolelo of Arachne"

Kwincopho nobuchule bokuyila wegcisa yimveliso i "spinner" sungula ku zabasebenzi ukuba abantu baseSpeyin. Kulo mfanekiso lokuqala kwimbali yokudweba Western wathetha umntu oqhelekileyo, umsebenzi wakhe.

Xa nokwakhiwa umfanekiso ubunjwe ndawo ezimbini ezizimeleyo. Xa polumrachnoy yocweyo ukwaluka ongaphambili ibonisa spinners, abaxakeke kunye nomsebenzi wabo. Embindini emgangathweni ukhetha uboya skeins abasebenzi abatsha, ohlisa ku edolweni omnye ngexesha elinye. Kwi ekunene yenye spinner, oko inxeba ibe ngeqhina tight eyenziwe wemisonto yoboya. Umbhali uye ebhalisiweyo yalo enkulu kakhulu kwaye sengqiqweni, kwaye ukuzithemba kunye nasebenza nentshukumo ukuba adlulisele kuye esebenzisa imifanekiso wezandla ezinkulu kunye enemikhono Eyisongile kunye back ebanzi. Umsebenzi wale spinner ujongile omnye umfazi. A ekhohlo kwi esondeleyo ngomthi ngokungakhathali waphoswa phezu isikhafu entloko ehleli womluki udiniwe kwaye bethetha nomncedisi wakhe. Xa iinyawo zalo ezinde i ikati. Ngasemva, ngaphaya komkhusane enzima ebomvu ahamba, ukulungele ukuba kubonwe amalaphu, zibekwe. Le ndawo obuvezwa uthsintsho unvarnished ezingenamsebenzi kodwa kuyimfuneko oko kunika ivili yokujikeleza umatshini kunye ezimibalabala.

Ngasemva kukho manenekazi mabini zentendelezo, ukuhlola ngokuzixhoma kwikhaphethi eludongeni, imibala eqaqambileyo zimsulwa ezikunika le nxalenye kwigumbi imvakalelo ngeembono grand namnandi. Ngomhla yimbumba ogqityiweyo baboniswa Diego ngokwesithethe Arachne wokugqibela, kodwa hayi inguqu intombazana kwi yesigcawu eyoyikekayo, kwaye ngokoyisa uthixokazi nanto zobugcisa, nto leyo nje lo ukuncwasa yezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, umdali yabonisa malunga ukumkani iSpanish, kulula ukuba Ulutshonise elutyeni phantsi kwakhe abantu nje kuphela, kodwa nawuphi na ummandla.

Lo mfanekiso - hayi kuphela apogee wokuyila Velazquez kunye nomsebenzi wakhe yokugqibela ezinkulu, kodwa kwakhona uvelwano kunye nokuqonda ngokunzulu zonke kokusesikweni komyalelo yehlabathi.

Ngeli xesha umsebenzi wenkundla Velazquez ifikelela indawo yayo ephezulu - ke wawongwa umnqamlezo eSantiago, umyalelo ezibalulekileyo Spain. Le nto iye yaba umzekelo njengoko Knight ndingumthetheli omnye emidala yaseYurophu imiyalelo zokulwa waba ngumzobi.

Kodwa ngeli xesha umdali yayisele ugula kakhulu yimalariya, nto leyo yaqashwa ngexesha lokuthweswa umsitho French uKumkani inkosazana Spanish kwisiqithi iinkwali. Emva kokubuyela Madrid, Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velaskes wafa eneminyaka engama amathandathu ananye. Ngokufa kwakhe, lo zebhola yokudweba Spanish phezu.