Drip irrigation: isixhobo, isimiso ukusebenza, ukufakela, yokwenene. Scheme drip

Ezimila ukufuma egadini ezifunekayo. Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuba aye iingcambu ngokuqhubekekayo kunye nenani ngomgama. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho isixhobo drip irrigation. Ubunzima kunye ukufakelwa kwenkqubo kwixesha elizayo kunye nokuvala umsebenzi kakuhle kakhulu emzimbeni. Oku kunokubonwa yi ezininzi ncomo balimi. Evumelana abaninzi exemption efanayo ukusuka umsebenzi wezandla onzima. Ngaphandle zonkcenkceshelo, lizwe ezininzi nezinye izinto. Kuhenda ukuba ukubuyisela umsebenzi onzima kunye ngenkuthalo ngeseleyo.

Iintlobo ngezinto kunye kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, zininzi. Ukuba ungenza okanye uqokelele ngezandla zabo, kwaye ukutsala iingcali.

Iingenelo neengozi drip irrigation

unikezelo lwamanzi kuthotha ineendlela ezininzi.

1. Amanzi ekudleni ngqo phantsi esikhondweni, evumela ngaxeshanye ngamanzi ukwenza isichumiso.
2. ixesha Ukugcina and physical ngumhlali amandla ehlotyeni. iinkqubo Onyuswe kanye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngexesha lonke abazange inxaxheba yamanzi manual.
3. Ngaphandle ithuba kukoma umhlaba. ukufuma ayo asoloko ngokwaneleyo ukuba izityalo zikhule oyifunayo.
4. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa naziphi izityalo, ngenxa yokuba ufundwa.
5. Ukukhetha iibhedi kangangoko zokunkcenkceshela lobeko.

Phakathi ukushiyeka waphawula ezibandaknywayo iindleko ivuza isixhobo sokunkcenkceshela :. neZilinganisi, namathumbu, imixwayo, impompo yamanzi wekhadi, filter, njl Ukuze le nkqubo ukuba basoko belwakhele umkhanya ngamathuba athile ukususa ubumdaka, ekuhloleni ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukusebenza vana, njl Le yunithi yinto eguqukayo .. kwaye ifuna nokufumaneka rhoqo kombane.

Drip irrigation: isixhobo nangemigaqo yokusebenza

inkqubo yonkcenkceshelo drip wanikela ukufuma ngqo iingcambu, ukugcina amanzi kwaye kuthintela umonakalo iindawo kakuhle indawo kwezityalo. Amanzi aqukuqela kancinci ngamathuba athile, okanye rhoqo, nto leyo evumela ukuba agcine izinga elimiselwe ukufuma komhlaba, nto leyo inefuthe elihle phezu izityalo imifuno.

Ukwenza irrigation zabo izandla ithontsi: ukuqala phi?

drip Umzobo yokuqala uthathele ingqalelo ephepheni, apho zonke iingongoma babonise umthombo wamanzi yonkcenkceshelo nendawo kunye nesikhundla. Kulinganiswa inowuthi phakathi kwemiqolo zezityalo. uyakwazi ukubala inani kunxibelelwano ngokulula walungisa ngobukhulu.

Ukuba impompo ifakiwe, indawo yayo inokuba ikhona, kodwa ke umthamo lokunkcenkceshela womxhuzulane umiselwe kufutshane izityalo.

Kwiibhedi wabeka ithumbu yedriphu okanye namabhanti. Bakha ezinawo amanzi idriphu ekhethekileyo ezityalweni.

Phambi kokuba bahlanganise inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela drip, kubalulekile ukuba onke amacandelo ukuze yokunkcenkceshela. Ukuba unayo amava, uyacebiswa ukuba bakhethe ezabo njengoko ayabiza kakhulu iikiti yamanzi.

1. Izikhongozeli ngamanzi - umphanda okanye itanki.
2. The main amanzi izinika, obuziintlobo ezininzi ukusuka apho kondliwa kwisebe.
3. Uvuza umbhobho okanye iteyiphu.
4. Kwemithambo ohlanganisa umqokeleli idriphu tape.

Ayikhuthazwa ukusebenzisa izikhongozelo zesinyithi, ekubeni umhlwa kukhokelela odla le nkqubo. Ukuba oku akunakuphepheka, isixhobo drip irrigation kufuneka siqulathe uhluzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

aphephe drip

Namathumbu amanzi ukuba kuthengiswa jiko. peculiarity yabo unikezele umlinganiselo ofanayo wamanzi ehlabathini iibhedi, kwanokuba loo mmandla lazo. Ubude ubuninzi okunkcenkceshela lukhethiwe ngokusekelwe koko ezimagqagala ekuqaleni nasekupheleni lo mbhobho mayingagqithi 10-15%. Okwexesha kwi emyezweni okunkcenkceshela drop ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukusebenzisa i tape kokuba Ebubanzini bodonga mm 0.1 ukuya 0.3. Baya ivule kuphela ngasentla.

Ashinyeneyo (0.8 mm) bakhonze 3-4 lonyaka. Kananjalo kusetyenziselwa ukufakwa komhlaba. Sangqa 12-22 tapes mm (common ubukhulu - 16 mm). tube ziqinile 10 kukhonza zonyaka. ububanzi yabo 14-25 mm.

Emva omnye idriphu ye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi:

• Mbhobho - 0,6-8 l / h;
• strip Thin wayifu- - l 0,25-2,9 / h;
• strip ububanzi-enqatyisiweyo - 8.2 l / h.

Kuba olawula flow ukuya ithumbu okanye esasiphosa tape inxibelelanisa vana ukwenzela ukunkcenkceshela drip.

Isityalo avareji 1 kufuneka athathe ilitha 1 yamanzi ngosuku, emahlathini - Iilitha ezi-5 kwi iinkuni - iilitha ezili-10. Ezi kubonisa, kodwa efanelekileyo Ekuqinisekiseni ukusetyenziswa iyonke. Ukuze ube ngqo, xa yedriphu zaveliswa ngenxa 1 itumata ityholo kufuna ama-1.5, ngokuba yemixoxozi - 2 l amazambane kunye nekhaphetshu - ilitha 2.5. Umphumo endibufumeneyo idityaniswe 20-25% lestokhwe kwaye umiselwa umthamo ofunekayo yitanki.

Umgama phakathi iidropha rhoqo lokutyala oxhomekeke kwaye inokuba ukusuka cm-10 ukuya kwi-100. Ngamnye kubo iziphumo omnye okanye emibini. Flow ndlela kuhlala injalo, kodwa kwimeko yokugqibela, nokuncipha ubunzulu kunye nokunyuka benika ndawo. Elukhukweni kwimiqolo 4 ezisetwa spider idriphu kunye nokuthunyelwa ngezityalo 4.

Iidropha

Iidropha zomthi ingafakwa imibhobho zeplastiki. Avelisa iintlobo ezininzi:

• nge esisigxina izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi;
• adjustable - nge hlengiso lwencwadi enoncedo ye ngobunzulu unkcenkceshelo;
• uncompensated - izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi kuncitshiswa ekupheleni iibhedi;
• ingahlawulwa - nge inwebu ivalve ezizodwa kunye nokudala njalo kwi ukuhla uxinzelelo emanzini;
• uhlobo "spider" - kunye nokusasazwa nezityalo ezimbalwa.

isibeki yangaphandle kufakwa kwi ityhubhu yeplastiki apho emingxunyeni aqhiwuke ngenyatyhowa.

yokuhluza

Ukucocwa kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela ingqalelo eyodwa. Okokuqala a product erhabaxa, uze emva koko - omhle. Iidropha amanzi amdaka ngokukhawuleza ivalekile.

nokufakwa ukuqashwa

Le nkqubo kungaba lula ukwakha, ukuba sisebenzisa izifakelelo ezizodwa drip irrigation.

1. Qala izihlanganisi ngokuba kuqhotyoshelwe tape idriphu kumbhobho wamanzi yeplastiki. Bona bokwenziwa kunye band rubber okanye uphawu ukuhlela nut. Phayiphu IPA ngokumba imingxuma kumbiwe iinkuni kunye incam egxile kuthinteleke ifakwe start-izihlanganisi kunye okanye ngaphandle iitephu kubo. Ulawulo ukuhamba kwamanzi efunekayo xa imimandla ezahlukeneyo idla ezinye izikhululo okunkcenkceshela khosi ezahlukeneyo layo okanye.
2. Ezifakwe for kwikona yokunkcenkceshela yedriphu okanye ngohlobo commit zisetyenziswa ukudibanisa i tape ofuna zona bhetyebhetye. Kananjalo zisetyenziselwa isebe layo okanye amagophe. iindawo Landing izixhobo zenziwe ngohlobo nguyá, eqinisekisa a kwimibhobho tight ayikokubambana ngendlela.
3. kufaneleka Repair isetyenziswa kwimeko breakage okanye zobude kwe tape liyehla. Nayo uqhagamshele eziphelweni.
4. Le plug efakwe kwi eziphelweni tape liyehla.

Ukufakelwa kweenkqubo zonkcenkceshelo ukusuka imicwe ezingcakacileyo-onodonga

Ukujoyina unikezelo lwamanzi abalimi igadi polyethylene ityhubhu-4 cm ububanzi, le ubukhulu na izityalo ukuba ufakelo start-isinxibelelanisi -. Crane Special ukwenzela ukunkcenkceshela drip, nosebenza ukuba sokudityaniswa tape idriphu tubing kumbhobho.

Kuye kwenziwa esinobukhulu encinane yaye iqokelelwa ngokusebenzisa lwezivalo. Imingxuma lwenziwa rhoqo. tape idriphu lufakwa kwi ivalve kunye kufanelekile uphazamiseko, uze ke uthi ngakumbi olubekwe eyayi yeplastiki. Xa iziphelo emkhonweni avalwa iiplagi okanye natywinwa na lisongiwe.

Esi sithintelo ke amandla eliphantsi umbandela ibhanti, nto leyo yonakele lula ngokuthi kweempuku nezinambuzane. Kwezinye izalathi inkqubo ubonisa kuphela kwicala ezintle.

Ukufakelwa kwenkqubo kunye tyhubhu eyakhelwe-iidropha

Le nkqubo luphawulwa ngamandla aphezulu kunye ihlala kakhulu ngakumbi. Siqulathe ityhubhu apho eziqulethwe kwi rhoqo dropper ngokwamakhefu zezindlu. Ityhubhu zingafakwa kwi kumphezulu womhlaba edityaniswe izixhaso, lanqunyanyiswa ucingo okanye ukuhambisa nzulu emhlabeni.

Amanzi phantsi koxinzelelo zohlukana ukusuka kwinkqubo amandla kwaye zisasazwe kakuhle, ukwenza ezivuzayo ezincinane. Kubalulekile ukuba itanki elisebenzela e ubude ukusuka emhlabeni 1-1.5 m. Ukususela umlimi kufuneka kuphela ngendlela ngexesha ukugcwalisa kuyo, emva koko ulwelo nakwesiphi izityalo phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane.

Njani ukunkcenkceshela cucumber?

Xa iinkqubo zoshishino, yokunkcenkceshela drip wenziwa ezinawo amanzi cucumber ukuya kwisityalo ngasinye. Ubunzulu esineengcambu 15-20 cm kunye metre ulawulo lokufuma efakwe apho. Begadi iindlela ezifanelekileyo ezikhoyo, ezenziwe yeebhotile zeplastiki. Bona ibekwe kwi emazantsi okanye umaka emhlabeni. Inxalenye ephezulu kufuneka kuvulelwa ukugcwala ngamanzi.

1. Indlela yokuqala. IV ezenziwa intonga wasebenzisa ezibayeni yepen. Kwesifo kunye iintsalela kwisinyibilkisi ukusuka unama lingavakali utshatise nesiphelo. Ekupheleni ukwenza okuhlatywa kwi isiqingatha ubukhulu ngentonga. drip ekhaya lifakwa okuhlatywa senziwa emazantsi ibhotile nomphakamo 15-20 cm. Emva koko ke itanki uzele ngamanzi kwaye ibekwe kufuphi kwamatyholo, ukuya ukufuma ufumana ukuya ingcambu.
2. Indlela yesibini. Ibhotile ukwenza imingxuma phezu ephakamileyo yonke, lemka ukusuka ezantsi ngo 3-5 cm. Kwakunjalo ngoko wabethelela ezantsi phantsi kubunzulu ye-20 cm. Ukujija isivalo kwaye zazizaliswa phezulu isingxobo amanzi. A intamo Ibhotile Sinokuyiphanda phantsi, emva ngokunqamla ezantsi ngapha apho lula ngakumbi ukuba bazalise ngamanzi. Ukuze le mingxuma azikho ugcwale phantsi, ngaphandle ibhotile lisongelwe engutyeni needled esetyenziswa njenge izinto isigubungelo zokugcina.
3. Indlela yesithathu. Iibhotile ezizaliswe ngamanzi, ziya kunqunyanyiswa ngaphezu komhlaba, ukuhlatywa imingxunya esicikweni.

Bottle idriphu cucumber luncedo ngokunxulumene ne kuqoqosho, njengoko kungekho mfuneko yokuba uchithe imali izinto. Le Ububi obukhulu ukuntsonkotha ufakelo iindawo ezinkulu. Inkqubo yokuzaliswa amanzi - ziinkathazo kwaye kaninzi baba ugcwale kunye umngxuma lomhlaba. Ngaphandle koku, siyakwazi ukubona amancedo drip. Ukuphonononga bathi kakhulu ngempumelelo zokugcina ezincinane.

A cucumber ukunkcenkceshelwa epheleleyo zokugcina enkulu ukuvelisa lula ngakumbi ngenkqubo oluyintloko kunye iidropha wezindlu.

Devices for drip irrigation: Automatic

inkqubo ukunkcenkceshelwa Oluzenzekelayo kufuna imali izixhobo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ixesha elininzi uya kusindiswa, kunye nongeniselo ihlawula iindleko. Ilungu ibalulekileyo nkqubo na umlawuli okanye timer ukuba azifuni yokungenelela kwabantu. Le yokugqibela unikwa kuphela rhoqo kunye nobude reflux. Timer i electromechanical okanye zombane. Le isilawuli uyakwazi ukucwangcisa inkqubo unkcenkceshayo, nto leyo ethatha ingqalelo uxinzelelo kule nkqubo, ukubeka imijikelo ukunkcenkceshela emini ikwachaziwe ukufuma kunye iqondo lobushushu.

Kuba Iinkqubo ezilula umzobo izixhobo zokunkcenkceshela drip ibonelela ijelo elinye, kwaye inani lamajelo beesekethe ezinzima ingathatha ixesha elide. Xa nokubuyekezwa, begadi abanamava bakhetha ukusebenzisa ezimbalwa izibambi ezilula esebenza ngeenkqubo ezithile.

Ukuze ukuba ixhomekeke Umthombo we-eneji, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane ifowuni, baqeshwe ukusuka AA neebhetri ezimbalwa.

drip oluzenzekelayo ukusuka amanzi rhoqo kufuna impompo. amandla ayo kufuneka ilingane umbane. Indlela kufuneka ibe lula, hayi ingxolo kakhulu, kwaye ziyamelana ukuba iikhompawundi imichiza, adla ngokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo njengesichumisi.

isiphelo

Nangona zokunkcenkceshela umphezulu ixhaphakileyo, aswele iimeko maxa wambi esihle sakho, intsilelo amanzi kunye yokonga amandla kubangela imfuneko yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile ukwenzela ukunkcenkceshela drip. Choice apha kuxhomekeke lwemozulu, indlela esemanzini, iintlobo zezityalo, kunye nezinye izinto.

Kubalulekile ukuba bayile kwaye ufake inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela drip ukunciphisa amathuba lokungaphumeleli kwaye ukuchitha ixesha umsebenzi wokulungisa kunye nolondolozo.