Imizekeliso Sufi, nefilosofi

ifilosofi Sufi - isebe okhethekileyo Islam, nto leyo luphawulwa nobugqi, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, zazingekho. Le etymology ngayo ingqiqo ka "Sufism" Akukacaci: izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kuyenzeka kwigama "uboya" (apho ihempe ukuba athungwe uyazidela), abanye babone umthombo elithi "igushuza" (apho Sufis aba). Kubalulekile kwakhona imvelaphi "Sufism" iikhonsepthi zingabuchaphazela ngexabiso "Sufi" ingcambu - ecocekileyo.

Imvelaphi imfundiso

I abaphila yokuqala Sufi wabonakala VIII-IX iinkulungwane. n. e., kungekudala emva kokuqhambuka kunye nokwanda Islam. Noko ke, ngokutsho kubaphandi abaninzi, amahlumelo yokuqala iimfundiso Sufi ababezalelwe xesha yamhlamnene. Sufism ithathe izinto zokomoya iicawa ezininzi zamandulo kunye neenkolelo, kodwa kwaba kwaye ihlala isiseko sihamba engqongqo.

"Grand Sheikh"

Le Sufi sobulumko idumileyo nebalulekileyo ingqalelo al-Din Muhiyi Ibn 'Arabi, ngokuba ubulumko bakhe ekuthiwa Sheikh Omkhulu. Impembelelo yakhe enkulu phezu bexesha yakhe kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo abacinga, nkqu amalungu ezinye kwemisinga bulumko. Kukholelwa ukuba ebuhlanti Ibn'Arabi zezethu ezingaphezu kwe-100 imisebenzi bulumko zoncwadi. Phakathi kwabo, "Le nezityhilelo Meccan", ebizwa encyclopedia of Sufism kunye equlathe iimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi, ngokunjalo ama yentanda "Amagugu sobulumko" kunye nokuqokelelwa yemibongo "Le ntetho inkanuko."

Imiba ephambili: ubunye izichasi

Imfundiso Sufi ubuza imibuzo emininzi: indlela kaThixo bendiqonda elikhethekileyo kwangaxeshanye okuvelisa yonke ezahlukeneyo iziganeko zehlabathi; indawo umntu ehlabathini, nendlela izinto zinxulumene ukuthanda kukaThixo; yintoni na amathuba zokwenene kunye nemida yolwazi yoluntu kunye nesenzo.

Xa Sufism kukho intetho malunga umanyano izichasi: ixesha alohlukaniswa ongunaphakade, enye evela emhlabeni enye waphezulu. Ke intsingiselo yalo ithisisi ayikho bulumko kuphela. Iyaqhubeka yaye nangaphaya, ekukhuliseni umbuzo wentsimi yokuziphatha, isimilo, izimilo kunye neenkolelo. Ngelo xesha ukuzibophelela ukusuka isithethe Islamic: le unqulo Sufism ithathwa eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye uninzi okuzalisekileyo zonke iimfundiso olungaka asenzele uluntu. Ukongeza, ukuzalana Sufism kunye iingqiqo zemveli amaSilamsi ebonakaliswa nento yokuba Sufis ukukhanyela ukuba nesono inyama ngokwalo (kodwa hayi ukuba nesono frills) kwaye ukuvakalisa ukungahambisani monasticism amasiko zobuKristu. Sufis bathi: ayikwazi ukuba yedwa ngokomoya okanye ngokwahlukileyo izinto novuyo; uvuyo - nimanyene zabo, xa isaneliswa, kunye nabo kunye nezinye iimfuno zabantu.

Imiba ephambili: indoda - wenyama waphezulu

Xa uhlobo wezinto bulumko Sufi ivakalisa biunity ukuze ihlabathi, oko kukuthi uqhagamshelwano engenakususwa phakathi inyaniso kunye Creation, uThixo ihlabathi. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo isikhundla Sufi zokuziphatha izenzo zonxibelelwano ngqo neenjongo. Le ngcamango, kakhulu, isekelwe phezu ifilosofi Islam. Ngokutsho ingqiqo Sufi, isiphumo nayiphi na intshukumo ixhomekeke injongo kunye wonke umntu ufumana kanye oko ufuna. Kwelinye icala, umgaqo esisiseko Sufism uthi akukho mazwi ayikwazi ukuba lecebo.

Ngokutsho iinkolelo Sufis, umntu ke komzimba kaThixo, yaye ngamnye isenzo sakhe iinkokeli ukuthanda kukaThixo, yaye ukuba ngqo ngakumbi - aphethwe ngokwakho kaThixo ngoKristu. Ngale ndlela, akukho ndlela engalunganga, ngokuba zonke iindlela ezikhokelela kuThixo. Ngoko ifilosofi Sufi siqinisekisa ukuba nengqondo: ekubeni akukho ulwazi kweli hlabathi nto ke ukwazi uThixo; yaye akukho senzo lwenziwa kwezinye iinjongo ngaphandle umnqweno uThixo. Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi na unqulo lokwenyaniso. Inye kuphela into ebubuxoki; - ukuvakaliswa nayiphi na imfundiso yonqulo enamathela kakhulu nokwala ngaxeshanye ixabiso ezinye iinkonzo. Sufis funda inyaniso, nokuba ikuluphi na uhlobo kuyo inokuchazwa.

Injongo Sufism

Lo mxholo engundoqo ye-bulumko ka Sufism likhuthaza inkululeko komphefumlo. Famous imbongi kunye Sufi Rumi wabhala wathi: "Umphefumlo emhlabeni - entolongweni, yaye oko kuya kuhlala khona, ngexesha uphila emhlabeni." Ukucima ukunxanelwa inkululeko kunokuba ukuphakama ngokomoya, umnqweno idibane noThixo. I-Sufi Akacingi nje ngokuba, yena uhlala apha ngoku. Abalandeli kwale mfundiso wazama ukuqonda baze bafundise abanye unxibelelwano ngqo noThixo, kuba oko akuyomfuneko babhenele Ngoncedo zababingeleli. Yilonto Sufis baye batshutshiswa baza walahla yi-Islamists obudala. Inxalenye yale sengqondo kusekhona.

Abalulekileyo Sufism - ekukhuliseni i "uyindoda egqibeleleyo", azaba nakuvuka ngaphezu inkohlakalo komhlaba kunye kubonakaliswa ezingalunganga ubume bayo. indlela Great Sufi ngokomoya ebizwa ngokuba "tariqa". Umzekelo woku kucingwa ukuba ukuyilwa yokomoya kwincwadi engobomi bomntu uMprofethi Muhammad.

Impembelelo kwinkcubeko Sufism

Sufism oye waphembelela kakhulu kuphuhliso bulumko, yokuziphatha kunye ubuhle, ubugcisa kunye noncwadi. Ubulumko Sufi kubonakaliswe umsebenzi kwiimbongi Mpuma kunye iinkcuba kuMbindi Ages emva kwexesha, ezifana Farid al-Din Al-'Attar, Ibn al-Farid, Dzhalalad-Din ar-Rumi, Omar Khayyam, Jami, Abu Ali Ibn Sina (uAvicenna), Nizami Gyandzhevi Ali Shir Navoi et al., owayesebenza ngokusekelwe umqondiso Sufi uthando, balangazelele oyintanda (oko kukuthi, uThixo). Ngokutsho Sufis, uthando (mahabba) - oku yeyona iphezulu isimo sengqondo womntu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni umanyano phakathi lover kunye oyintanda.

I zangoku kwi X-XV eminyaka. uncwadi Sufi imelwe ikakhulu isihobe, ukudala iilwimi yakuMbindi Mpuma: .. Arabic, isiFarsi, Turkish, basePersi, Urdu, njl A kwindawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala Sufi umzekeliso, lo quintessence ubulumko iimfundiso bulumko kunye eyimfihlakalo.

izihloko imizekeliso

Yintoni umzekeliso? Ngengqiqo kakhulu ngokubanzi, libali elifutshane efundisayo, ingcamango esisiseko yokuziphatha nto ichazwa ngendlela yimizekeliso.

Ihlabathi luvula Sufi ngemizekeliso, ekhokelela ekhoyo lokwenyaniso. Ngaloo ndlela ke zahlukeneyo nobomi, yaye bedidekile. uyaqonda Umntu ngamnye le mizekeliso eyahlukileyo, kodwa bonke abanye injongo efanayo. Xa intliziyo yabo - sokufumana inyaniso ngothando ngenxa kukulahlwa kwawo yokuzingca "mna" umbono wakhe ngakuntsonkotha. Eyiqonda le Ubuciko enzima, umntu unako ukufumana zakhe zaphezulu bokwenyaniso "I".

imizekeliso echaza Rumi

Abanye mzekeliso Sufi ebhalwe kwifom iprowuzi, ngoxa abanye - in a enkondlo. Le yokugqibela ziquka, umzekelo, umsebenzi wembongi Rumi. Eqokelelwe kule ncwadi "Ndlela utshintshwano" Sufi umzekeliso liguqulelwe Persian nguDmitry Shchedrovitskii. Kwakhona amazwi wenkolo nefilosofi phambi umzekeliso nganye. Le ncwadi kuquka ukuhlaziya zokuziphatha nezengqondo, iinkcukacha Markom Hatkevichem. Zombini ezi zimvo zinceda ukuqonda ngcono undoqo nobunzulu imizekeliso yokomoya yokuziphatha. Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngo-2007 yi-ndivakalisa indlu "Aa" (eMoscow).

mzekeliso Sufi ngothando

Ngokutsho Sufi bulumko, uthando sisiseko wendalo kunye kwakungamandla awayeqhuba ezandleni kaThixo, ebizwa oyintanda kule mfundiso. Kumzekeliso imfundiso uthando Sufi waphezulu ichazwa nangokuvumelana, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo imifanekiso. Umzekelo, usebenzisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle yamandulo Arabic legend ngothando amakhwenkwe Kaisa (igama Majnun, "bawela impambano") ukuya intombazana ULayla. Ngokomfanekiselo kaThixo ngokuchazwa zakutshanje ngohlobo Majnun - banxanelwe Umphefumlo ulwazi ngokomfanekiselo kaThixo, imfezeko yokomoya nokufumaneka Inyaniso ophakamileyo. Ngokutsho iinkolelo Sufis, iParadesi - oku indawo kodwa urhulumente. Enye apho intliziyo izele luthando ngokomoya, yaye amehlo ukubona nzulu ehlabathini eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwimbono womntu - nto nje ezayo umphefumlo, imilo yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ungakwazi ukuguqula ihlabathi kuphela ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa yangaphakathi kunye nokugcwaliswa uthando ngokunyanisekileyo. Kunye kuziwa ulonwabo, ulwaneliseko, ulwaneliseko kunye nombulelo.

Njengoko imizekelo umzekeliso uthando ngokuba imisebenzi Rumi "Uthando Majnun", "Majnun kunye inja", "Ibali nangonyamezelo uthando" Navoi "Kwi Valentine", "Lovers" Sanayi. Le mizekeliso, ukuba ezibhalwe ngababhali ezahlukeneyo, umanyaniswe ingcamango enye kuphela ngamageza, bonke-odlayo uthando unika ingqiqo lokwenyaniso utyhila ukuba umntu inyaniso kokukhanya yayo yonke.

Okunye Sufi umfanekiso

izihloko rhoqo yimizekeliso imibuzo ulwazi, ukufumana i ezinqwenelekayo, ukhetho yokuziphatha , njalo njalo. D. A Umzekelo odumileyo ubulumko umzekeliso Sufi amanzi. Xa imithombo eyahlukeneyo ibizwa ngokuba "Xa utshintsha amanzi", "Sage kunye namanzi" okanye "Amanzi ubutyhakala." Njengabo bonke mzekeliso Sufi, oko unokuba ukutolika eziliqela yaye aqondwe ngokwahlukileyo ngabantu abohlukeneyo. Inkoliso esazibuza ngomonakalo okanye inzuzo yokuthwala amanzi entsha. Abanye zibuze ngokuchanekileyo bangena hero engundoqo ye mzekeliso, hayi ekuqaleni wasela amanzi entsha, siphephe impambano, kodwa ke, abakwazi ukuba ithwalwe lilolo, kodwa ukuba bazibandakanye isihlwele. Enye imbono umdla kwi ibali lo mzekeliso isenokuba lo mbuzo: "Kutheni na le ndoda yagqiba ekubeni ukubaleka emanzini entsha kuphela, endaweni yokuzama ukufumana-nye?"

Ngamanye amazwi, Sufi ngemizekeliso, akukho ukutolikwa olunye, kunye nentsingiselo yazo kutyhilwa emntwini ukuzikisa ukucinga kwaye Ndandizibuza imibuzo. Ekugqibeleni, umntu ngamnye ubona into mzekeliso wakhe.

mzekeliso Sufi - umthombo ekhethekileyo wobulumko, ukunceda abantu ukuba ukuvula iingqondo zabo ukubuza imibuzo musa ukuza kuye ngaphambili. Le ngefilosofi Sufism - buyinto umdla, kangangamawaka eminyaka ukuba nokuguquguquka ekusebenzeni nkolelo. Oku azakubalulwa Kwanowexuko engaqhelekanga kunye ngokuphandle ulwazi olutsha ngoThixo. Theoreticians of Sufism wabiza imfundiso yakhe "unqulo wothando".