ESmolensk region labemi: inani kunye nokwakheka yobuhlanga

"Castle mkhulu yaye abantu abaninzi" - Lichaza yamandulo ESmolensk Ustyuzhanskaya yemihla elizukileyo lwekhulu IX. Esi sisihlandlo sokuqala kummandla ESmolensk elizukileyo. Kuba nkulungwane yesibini neendwe phezu kweendonga esixeko Russian Dnieper samandulo, nto leyo eye yaba liziko enkulu yommandla. Iindawo ezinika umdla ngokutsho ndawo uba bebone yokwenene kummandla ezukileyo. Akumangalisi kuphela uhlobo lwezakhiwo, kodwa uluntu kummandla ESmolensk. Iindwendwe basoloko ndibulisa ngobubele, kunye kuyitshayela Russian.

indawo ESmolensk Area

Umda ntshona ilizwe Russian yabakho umhlaba ESmolensk elihle, leyo kufaniswa ijoni osisilumko endala abagcina uxolo. Kwaye, eneneni, amaxesha amaninzi kulo mzi zobugorha yaba ikhaka iRashiya. Sam ESmolensk ise efikelela kuyo i Dnieper River kumgama km-365 ukusuka eMoscow. ummandla ESmolensk isifundo le Russian Federation yaye i-Central Federal District.

Umzi wazalwa ezindulini ezisixhenxe apho indlela urhwebo ukusuka 'kwi Varangians ukuya kumaGrike "yaba liziko zokuhlala ezininzi. Namhlanje, ummandla ESmolensk abe umda eqhelekileyo kunye Bryansk, Pskov, eMoscow, ukulungela ukusebenza, ummandla yaseTver. Belarus nemelene ngohlangothi kwiingingqi ESmolensk, Vitebsk kunye Mogilev. Ezimise kummandla ngo-1937.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye ndawo

ummandla ESmolensk ithatha malunga nama-50 000 km embindini baseMpuma European Plain. Kukho apha, njengokuba obhudlayo nezihlambo. Imozulu ziingcathu njengezwekazi, njengoko kunye zone nemozulu - ngcathu. Driving ngokusebenzisa ndawo, Nani linganisani umphezulu esimfaneleko, iindawo bahambe ezindulini neentlambo komlambo.

Ngomhla kummandla kummandla ESmolensk kukho izimbiwa ezininzi ukusuka imvelaphi ludaka. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba nazo kunye iidipozithi zamalahle mdaka, umgquba, rock ityuwa, obambe nodongwe. Akuzange uhlobo kula mazwe zodaka ephilisayo amanzi kwezimbiwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iidipozithi crystal rock, dust, nezentsimbi ekrwada, imbola. oovimba nja- kule ndawo ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuba imisebenzi yokwakha ukuba geni isanti, igrabile, gypsum.

Ebusika ulingana ubushushu frosty enobulungisa, ehlotyeni - eshushu kwaye isina. Qubeka ngokusebenzisa endaweni omlambo i-Dnieper njengoko Vyazma, VOP River, Desna, Sozh. Ngenxa yoko, azalise ngaphezulu koovimba bayo amanzi imilambo emikhulu efana iVolga kunye Oka, basinge Vazuza kunye Ugra apho.

Eyona ndawo iphambili kummandla ESmolensk esaphethe Nuclear imihlaba podzolic. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho zebali uyisanti kwaye osisivunda. Kulo mmandla kukho amahlathi ezininzi, amadlelo kunye nemigxobhozo. izityalo abasingethe izityalo ezilinyiweyo. Abameli ezingundoqo amahlathi nespruce, ezinde, Aspen. Kancinane ngaphantsi zimelwe emiterebhintini, maples, uthuthu, Linden. Le zezilwanyana imelwe iintlobo ezininzi ezincancisayo neentaka. Malunga 50 iintlobo zeentlanzi ifumaneka emanzini yasekuhlaleni.

ulwazi zembali

Krivichi ekuqaleni baphila kumazwe ESmolensk, abemi ummandla ESmolensk evela kubo. Ngoko ke umzi ixesha elide kwaba phantsi kolawulo Kievan Rus. Le abenzi bemilingo ye ESmolensk ubulawuli iwela kwinkulungwane XII. Ezinye ixesha ilizwe yinxalenye Duchy yaseLithuania, yaye kamva abhalisa Statement eMoscow. Le utshintsho lokugqibela kumazwe ESmolensk of the State Russian kwenzeka emva longquzulwano Russian-Polish. Ngoko ngenkulungwane XVIII kwakukho kwiphondo ESmolensk.

Ekuqaleni kwethuba yiSoviet, ezinye ummandla ESmolensk yaba yinxalenye imthetho Byelorussian. Kwaye ukusukela 1937 iye yafumana imida mihla.

bakubo Famous

E ESmolensk umhlaba ozelwe abantu abaziwayo, phakathi kwazo amagcisa abanetalente, abadlali, ezikrelekrele abaqambi, ababhali, iimbongi, abakroli. Abaninzi wambulala misebenzi yakhe umqambi odumileyo uMikhail Glinka. Ku apha ke wazalwa cosmonaut yokuqala kaYuri Gagarin. upopayi alibaleke, isekisi inkqenkqeza uYuri Nikulin kwakhona inzalelwane kummandla ESmolensk. Abahlali Ndiyazingca ndawo buchopho ezifana Alexander Twardowski, NM Przewalski, S. Konenkov, Azimov, A. Griboyedov.

Inani labantu kummandla ESmolensk

Bonke-Russian ubalo ngo-2010 wafumanisa ukuba kwiingingqi 18 Central District of ESmolensk Region Federation zenzeka 16. Inani kummandla ESmolensk abemi ngoko 985 500 abantu. lo mzobo rhoqo laguquka ekuhambeni iziganeko zembali. Ngokutsho Rosstat, ngo-2013 i-Ubuninzi babantu kummandla ESmolensk wayelingana kubantu 19,59 nganye macala / km. Kuncitshiso ezinoxinano kwi ngexesha elinye iphenjelelwa kakhulu yi ezidolophini.

Inani labemi ezidolophini kude lingaphaya kwenani labahlali basemaphandleni. Ekubeni le ratio yi 72% kwi-28% wabahlali zoluntu lwasemaphandleni. Inani amabhinqa ngokunxulumene babantu kwakhona ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba. Inani abafazi ngeli nqanaba ilingana 536.900 kunye namadoda - 448,6 amawaka.

Xa ummandla mali, isixeko ESmolensk, phezu uqikelelo ngoJanuwari 2017, inabantu 328,906.

ummandla ESmolensk, abantu emizini kunye nemimandla

Esi sixeko inkulu ESmolensk, Kakade ke, lo ikomkhulu mmandla - ESmolensk. Malunga ubungakanani isixeko okhankanywe ngasentla. Eli ziko yesibini ngobukhulu yengingqi ubonakala ezukileyo Vyazma, apho abantu 54.259 kuphila. Emva kwakhe iza Roslavl isixeko esinabantu 51 775 abemi. Phantse inani elifanayo abantu amaziko ezithili Yartsevo kunye Safonovo (46 219 ne 43 727). Kwisixeko Gagarin, bahlala abantu 26.916, Desnogorsk inabemi 28.518. Nantsi enye, isixeko ngaphantsi lwa kummandla ESmolensk kwi labemi:

• Ore - 9650.
• Yelnya - 9460.
• Pochinok - 8684.
• Sychovka - 8246.
• Velizh - 7078.
• Demidov - 6585.
• Dukhovshchina - 4125.

Population District, ESmolensk Region neneempawu zilandelayo:

• Velizh DB - 11,114.
• Vyazemskij DB - 77.359.
• Haharins'kyi N - 45.940.
• Glinkovsky DB - 4404.
• Demidov DB - 12.310.
• zesithili Dorogobuzh - 27.376.
• DB Duhovschinsky - 15.484.
• Elninskaya DB - 13.846.
• DB Ershichsky - 6444.
• Kardymovsky DB - 12.499.
• Krasninskoe DB - 12.269.
• Monastyrschinsky DB - 9472.
• DB Novoduginsky - 9603.
• DB Pochinkovsky - 29.851.
• DB Roslavlsky - 71.990.
• DB Rudnyansky - 23.562.
• DB Safonovsky - 58.803.
• Smolenski DB - 53.889.
• DB Sychevskii - 13.807.
• Temkinsky DB - 5971.
• DB Ugransky - 8190.
• DB Hislavichsky - 8106.
• Holm-Zhirkovsky rn - 9754.
• DB Shumyachsky - 9909.
• Yartsevskiy DB - 54.231.

izibalo zakutshanje labantu

Inani le ESmolensk kummandla labantu 958 600 abantu ngo-2016. Ngomhla wokuqala kweyoMqungu kulo nyaka, abahlali basezidolophini, kwakukho 690 000 (72%), abemi yasemaphandleni 268 600 (28%). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinxalenye yasentshona endaweni enabantu ngaphezu kwabanye. Mncinanana kubo bonke abantu kwiingingqi kwimpuma (Temkinsky, Ugra). Inani labantwana kunye ofikisayo 336 000 abantu. Inani labantu kummandla ESmolensk ngo-2016 yehle xa kuthelekiswa no-2015 abantu 6000.

kuqamba National

Abantu abaninzi banomdla kuphela inani labemi yommandla ESmolensk, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo uhlanga. 97% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke Russian uphethe ESmolensk. Kwindawo yesibini kukho abameli Belarus (0.83%). Isizwe Ukrainian imelwe apha nge 0,64%. AmaJuda akhoyo mali ka-0,56%. Roma ubambe 0.18% yabemi. imali encinane kakhulu, kodwa zisekhona ndawo Armenia, Azerbaijani, nangezinto, izibonda, Georgians, baseJamani.

zemvelo

Ukugcina iinkqubo zendalo, ngokunjalo ngeenjongo zophando kwingingqi ESmolensk Lake District yadalwa. Eli gama le Reserve kuvela namachibi 35 ngaphakathi nesakhiwo sayo. Ngamnye kubo idume ngenxa yobuhle bayo ezizodwa. Abathengi Smolenskii Lake District lifakwe umoya kumnandi. Ngaphakathi reserve kukho zesikhumbuzo ezininzi zembali. Enye yazo endala kwisixeko samandulo Russian Verzhavsk yaphila kwiinkulungwane IX-XII.

Ezi zindawo ngokumangalisayo ezintle kwakhona ezinxulumene umhambi enkulu kunye wamazwe kumazwe Asian - N. M. Przhevalskim. Abakhenkethi abaninzi balapha bazi umthombo elaziwayo elibizwa ngokuba "Ungcwele Well".

ezikhumbuzo yezakhiwo

Ukususela izakhiwo zokwakha kakhulu zingahlukaniswa ESmolensk nqaba ilitye inqaba. It yakhiwa nangoku phantsi kwesikhokelo ukumkani Fedor Ioanovicha njengoko ngenkulungwane XVI-XVII phakathi eMoscow ubulawuli Rzeczpospolita wabonakala iingxabano indawo. malunga 30,000 izisebenzi yasetyenziswa kwesi sakhiwo. Lo lesikhumbuzo zokwakha iindonga zesixeko-38 neenqaba, ezinye zifikelela 33 ubude. Le yeyona ezinamandla amaxesha eludongeni Rus. Wayesongamela ukwakhiwa odumileyo ESmolensk inkosi Fyodor Kon.

Kwingingqi ESmolensk, ufana nayiphi na enye ezikhumbuzo abalondolozwa inkcubeko Russian kwexesha pre-Mongol. Apha kukho imisebenzi kweli yobuciko, kwakunye imizekelo nanto ukwakha ibandla.

ESmolensk kukho zezikhumbuzo eziliqela, izakhiwo, sikhumbula inkumbulo iziganeko ezininzi emkhosini. Kananjalo apha kwakukho eninzi ezikhumbuzo enikelwe belizwe dumeke. "Umgexo Green aloo mzi" - babizwa ngokuba abantu ESmolensk neepaki zabo.

iimyuziyam ezinkulu amabandla Orthodox

Uninzi andiva Boldino kwilali ukuba kummandla ESmolensk. Amaxesha amaninzi, abakhenkethi uye khona phezu khenketho. Esinye izinto midala eyona intle apha oyiNgcwele Emnye Monastery. It yasekwa St. Gerasimos Boldin ngxi kwinkulungwane VI. Amaxesha aliqela sele netempile, kodwa uqhubeka ndiyithandile iindwendwe yayo.

Elalini kummandla Novospassky ESmolensk iyimyuziyam-Manor M. I. Glinki, apho babehlala khona. Le Manor kuphela nentsika yelitye enikezelwe umqambi odumileyo Russian. Ilifa iquka annexe ephambili indlu ezinemigangatho emibini, ikhitshi, undwendwe, indawo yokubhaka, indlu buyo, gazebos ezintle netempile izinyanya. qho, kuba amagama undwendwe ixilongo izandi umtsalane ye ipiyano.

Le lali mmandla Hmelita ESmolensk wahlala kwilifa yangaphambili abangabembewu Griboyedov. Ezinye iimpawu zesi sakhiwo inokufumaneka comedy yakhe awufi "Yeha ukusuka Wit". Ibhotwe kunye park lomculo iquka indlu ilitye, izakhiwo-4, ipaki kunye iindawo, amachibi 2 netempile.

Phakathi kwiidolophana Katyn Nest kunye nommandla ESmolensk imbaxa sisikhumbuzo "Katyn". Kangangethuba elide ixesha yiSoviet, le ndawo engakhankanywanga, ukususela ngowe-1940 kwabakho iziganeko ezibuhlungu. Kungenxa ehlathini bendawo wadubula eziliqela amashumi amawaka kwamagosa Polish kunye namanye amabanjwa. Eli bhotwe yesikhumbuzo mncinane kakhulu, oko yavulwa ngo-2000. Umnyango engundoqo sisikhumbuzo senziwe ngokohlobo yeglasi target. Embindini zakhiwo uvelele umnqamlezo Orthodox kuso iya Memory Alley.

Kwingingqi ESmolensk lwakhiwe iitempile ezininzi kangako, kodwa ke ixesha pre-Mongol, bahlala ezintathu kuphela: Church of kuMoses, Cathedral of kwingcinga, iSt uSergiyo ibandla Church of ukwenyuka Monastery.