Amafu aphezulu: izixeko ndiqhayise ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi

Imbali izakhiwo ezinjalo njengoko ezinde aphezulu yaqala 'umnqwazi iilifti oluzenzekelayo. Emva kwenkulungwane ye-19 American Henry Otis uyile le fyabo ukunceda ukwakha izakhiwo ezinemigangatho ngaphandle kwezithintelo ukuphakama. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo kwenziwa ngayo nayiphi na sixeko, yaye amafu aphezulu, ibekwe kuloo mzi, ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na ikhadi ishishini. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, xa ngingqi edolophu eziphelayo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ophezulu ukunyuka isisombululo kuphela.

Amafu aphezulu ehlabathini kudala owaziwayo kuchazwe. indawo yokuqala kolu luhlu i "Khalifa" edumileyo e Dubai inqaba, eyagqitywa ngo-2010. Ukuphakama wobugcisa bokwakha kweemitha 828 no 162 imigangatho kwisakhiwo.

indawo sesibini Yayikufanele yanikwa egcwele iphepha "Teybey" e Taiwan, kunye neemitha zayo 508 no 101 imigangatho. Esi sakhiwo kwi indlela postmodernism iminyaka 6 ukuba isakhiwo kunazo zonke eziphakamileyo, okwangoku kwafuneka ukuba entendeni kwi Tower "Khalifa", kodwa ke enye kwezi zakhiwo ofisi intle, ukudibanisa kwi iimpawu zayo izakhiwo impucuko yaseNtshona kunye mibala emveli ase-China.

Amafu aphezulu China - Shanghai ngamazwe indawo iziko zemali ahlala kwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini simo. Kwakhona, efana eTaiwan "Teybey" liye 101 floor, kodwa ukuphakama iyonke kweemitha 492 kuphela.

Indawo yesine kuhlala iinqaba iwele Malaysian "Petronas Towers", ngelo kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 452 liye 88 imigangatho. Ezi amade zakhiwa usebenzisa mibala emveli Islamic kwaye umtsibeli kwinqanaba leemitha 170, nto leyo kuthiwa "Sky Bridge", idibanisa izakhiwo ezimbini ibe sisincoko bokwakha enye.

Oku kugqiba phezulu emihlanu amafu iphezulu Melika - "Willis Tower", elise eChicago. Ngaphandle yokuba singene kwindawo yesihlanu kuluhlu izakhiwo emide kakhulu, oku kwakhona enye amafu endala, oko kwakhiwa 1973. Esi sakhiwo esinemigangatho-110 features nakubugcisa lokuqala - kufana eliqela eDibanisa okuninzi kunye wazolula parallelepipeds, kwaye ufikelela umphakamo yeemitha 443,2.

Kaloku, yintoni liyi eYurophu? Amafu emide eYurophu - London "ungayekwa", nto leyo iba ubude 'eqhelekileyo' mitha 310 kunye nama-95 imigangatho. Esi sakhiwo yokuyilwa ngohlobo yephiramidi omkhulu laser emxinwa unique ukhanyiso iye yabangela impikiswano enkulu eluntwini. Italian umyili nangxowa yamphako, nto leyo developer kunye nombhali ingcamango, watyholwa ukuba sizenze sasisimbi ukubonakala kwimbali London. beza Izinto ukuba ungenelelo UNESCO, Noko ke, abasemagunyeni bakwazi ukuqinisekisa umphakathi jikelele ukuba amafu kuneengenelo ngaphezu nezingalunganga.

Kodwa uhlanga phakathi kwamazwe ezimbini ilungelo lokuba ukwakhiwa ezinde yokwakha ehlabathini iyaqhubeka. America uceba ukwakha Miami mega-egcwele iphepha ukuphakama siya kuba kwiimitha ezili-975, yaye Bahrain thethana kwakhiwe isakhiwo esinemigangatho-200. Kodwa ke Japanese baba zixokozela zonke ezinye izizwe - kwizicwangciso zazo ukuze kwakhiwe amafu ngeekhilomitha 4 phezulu!