Ekudibaneni Dnieper amabutho yiSoviet ngo-1943

Battle of the Dnieper wayengomnye lalawo kwimbali yeemfazwe. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, ilahleko macala omabini, ubala kwabafileyo ababuleweyo, zazisuka kubantu 1.7 ukuya 2.7 million. Le mpi uthotho yonke ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule olwenziwa ngumkhosi yiSoviet ngo-1943. Inani labo kuquka ekudibaneni Dnieper.

emlanjeni omkhulu

Dnipro nguye lo mlambo lesithathu ngobukhulu eYurophu emva iVolga kunye weDanube. ububanzi kwi ehlayo imalunga 3 km. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ibhanki ekunene iphezulu kakhulu kwaye ayanyuka ngaphezu ekhohlo. Olu phawu nzima kakhulu ekudibaneni mkhosi. Ukongeza, ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo ye-Wehrmacht, ibhanki icala amajoni aseJamani zenyuse amaqashiso ezinzima iinqaba.

uphika ongakhetha

Njengoko ejongene nale meko, umyalelo we yiSoviet Army baqalisa ukucinga ukuba ukwenza njani amajoni ukuhambisa kunye nezixhobo ngaphesheya komlambo. Kuye kwenziwa izicwangciso ezimbini, phantsi leyo kwenzeka ekudibaneni Dnieper. Nemeko yokuqala iquka imikhosi stop phezu lomlanjana kunye yindibanisela iinxalenye kratya kwiindawo asolwa bewela. Esi sicwangciso wenza kube lula ukufumanisa kwentswelo kumgca Lukhuselo yotshaba, kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ukuchonga indawo apho uhlaselo elandelayo kuya kwenzeka.

Ngaphezulu Kuthathwa idabi elikhulu, nto leyo ngenxa iphelelwe imigca ukuzithethelela German bume nokugxothwa imikhosi zabo kwizithuba ezimbi kubo. Kwesi sikhundla, amasoldati Wehrmacht abakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukunika abaphikisana ukoyisa imigca yabo ukuzithethelela. Enyanisweni, eli qhinga iye iyafana kakhulu naleyo yayisetyenziswa amaJamani ukuya kugqitha Maginot Line ekuqaleni imfazwe.

Kodwa olu khetho eziliqela nezingalunganga. Wabanika umyalelo waseJamani ukuya ucutheko kummandla we-Dnieper imikhosi ezongezelelweyo, kwakunye nokuhlelwa ngokutsha imikhosi kunye nokomelezwa ukuziphendulela ukubonakalisa ngcono ukumelana nokukhula yiSoviet Army kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, isicwangciso eso ukuveza amajoni ethu yingozi enkulu luhlaselwa ziiyunithi imishini uxhulumaniso German, yaye oku kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba phantse i sixhobo olusebenzayo Wehrmacht ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe eSoviet Union.

ATHUNYIWEYO Second - kwanyanzeleka Dnieper imikhosi Soviet ngokusebenzisa negalelo elikhulu, ngaphandle ukulungiselela kusuka yonke ngaphambili. Esi sicwangciso akazange sinike amaJamani ixesha izixhobo-ekuthiwa Eastern Wall, ngokunjalo ukulungiselela ukhuseleko bridgeheads zabo Dnieper. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho kunokubangela ukuba ilahleko enkulu eSoviet Army.

uqeqesho

Njengoko usazi, izithuba isiJamani zibekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene Dnieper. Kwaye phezu kwelinye icala nomkhosi awuthimba isahlulo, ubude yayo malunga 300 km. Apha ke ingqalelo amandla elikhulu, ngoko izikhephe rhoqo ukuba inani elikhulu enjalo lamajoni abaswela. Indawo eziphambili kwanyanzeleka ukuba ekudibaneni Dnieper ngokoqobo lithetha busondele. Bona bawela umlambo kwi izikhephe zokuloba yafunyanwa ngokungakhethiyo, eYafo ngokuyidadisa zokwexeshana, ndankqonkqoza kunye iinkuni, iibhodi, imithi kunye amagubu.

Hayi ebangwayo yaba umbuzo indlela ukuthutha elunxwemeni izixhobo malunga enzima. Isibakala sokuba uninzi bridgeheads yayo bengakwazi ukuzisa nangokomthamo ekunene, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba umthwalo iphambili yokuwela Dnieper wawa phezu kwamagxa kweeyunithi amajoni elihamba. Ezi meko zinje kwakhokelela ekubeni ukulwa elide kunye nokwanda kakhulu ilahleko kwicala amabutho Soviet.

uphika

Ekugqibeleni imini xa emkhosini ukuze bafudukela lohlaselo. Yaqala ekudibaneni Dnieper. Umhla wokuqala mthethweni ngaphesheya komlambo - September 22, 1943. Emva koko, waza wasiwa amadimoni, ukwakweli ibhanki ekunene. Le ndawo ke intlanganisela imilambo ezimbini - Pripyat kunye Dnepr, leyo yayimi phezu kwicala elingasentla ngaphambili. Wamashumi omane, inxalenye Voronezh Front, kwaye eyesithathu Panzer Army ngokwenza ngexesha elifanayo ikwazile ukufikelela impumelelo efanayo kummandla kumzantsi Kiev.

Emva kweentsuku 2, indawo elandelayo kubekwe kunxweme olusentshona, wathathwa. Eli xesha kwenzeka kufuphi Dneprodzerzhinsk. Emva kwenye kweentsuku 4, amajoni eSoviet ngempumelelo awela umlambo kwingingqi Kremenchug. Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni kwenyanga phezu komlambo icala Dnieper River kwasekwa 23 bridgehead. Abanye zizincinci ukuba ububanzi efikelela 10 km kunye nobunzulu km 1-2 kuphela.

ekuweleni ezingeyomfuneko ye Dnieper wabamba imikhosi 12 Soviet. Ukuze lisasazwe ngandlel 'umlilo enzima, eziveliswa zokudubula eJamani, yayiyilwe bridgeheads bobuxoki abaninzi. Injongo wabo ukulinganisa ubunzima ukuwela.

Atsho imikhosi Dnieper eSoviet - ngowona mzekelo zicacileyo ubuqhawe. Ndimele ndithi ukuba amajoni ezisetyenziswa ithuba incinane ukuba kuyiwe ngaphesheya. Bona bawela umlambo nayiphi na inqwelo ezikhoyo, nto leyo ngandlel 'ahlale phezu kwamanzi. Abantu balahlekelwa enzima, ekubeni rhoqo phantsi umlilo utshaba enzima. Bakwazi ukufumana wazazi kwi bridgeheads sele yoyiswa, ngokoqobo wangcwatywa emhlabeni ukususela kuhlaselo lwe zokudubula waseJamani. Ukongeza, imikhosi Soviet ifihle amandla zabo ngomlilo entsha leyo beza kuye uncedo.

bridgeheads yokhuseleko

imikhosi German bawuphikisa esoniwa izikhundla zabo, usebenzisa sokubala enamandla nganye kwezi bewela. Eyona njongo yawo yokuqala yaba ukuze atshabalalise imikhosi yotshaba ukuya kwindawo njenge izithuthi enzima vehicles ukufikelela kodonga lasekunene lomlambo.

Crossing kwabenza yahlasela evela emoyeni. ekuhlaseleni German udubule abantu phezu kwamanzi, ngokunjalo neeyunithi zomkhosi, ibekwe elunxwemeni. Ekuqaleni yezenzo ze Aviation eSoviet baba abadibenanga. Kodwa xa kwenziwe ungqamaniso kunye nezinye imikhosi emhlabeni, zokunqumla yemboniselo eqhelekileyo.

Iintshukumo eSoviet Army ayiphumelelanga. Atsho Dnieper River ngo-1943 kwakhokelela ekuthatheni bridgeheads kwi yotshaba elunxwemeni. izimpi yaqhubeka lonke Oktobha, kodwa makhoboka novalo eziku German, abanye wanda. amabutho Soviet basindiswe amandla abo avanyisa elandelayo.

ubuqhawe

Yaphela kanjalo ekudibaneni Dnieper. Heroes eSoviet Union - na isihloko kakhulu obekekileyo yanikezelwa ngowe-2438 xa amajoni inxaxheba kule mpi. Battle of the Dnieper - umzekelo inkalipho nokuzincama eboniswe ngamajoni yiSoviet kunye namagosa. Oku ngokwenene ibhaso elikhulu kuphela ixesha IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.