Ukhuphiswano imisebenzi rhwebo. Ukhuphiswano kunye nendima yayo kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho

Indima kokhuphiswano kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kunzima ukuba zazi. Ngenxa kule nkqubo uphuhliso loshishino, abenzi ukuphucula umgangatho iimpahla zabo ukuze zikwazi ukutsala eliphezulu kubathengi. Kwi ukhuphiswano abathengi unalo nemiphumo emihle. Kodwa zonke iingenelo zale nkqubo, kukwakho nezingalunganga. Ukhuphiswano inyanzela iinkampani start-up lubuthathaka ukushiya emarikeni, kwaye womelele, phezu koko, bomeleze kuphela kwizikhundla zabo. Ukongeza, i-xenga ibonakala. ukhuphiswano imisebenzi rhwebo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo waye waphucuka, yaye kwakukho iziphene ezimbalwa.

Yintoni khuphiswano?

nabavelisi nokubangisana Economic ukutsala nani likhulu abathengi, ngokulandelelana, yenzuzo kuthiwa ukhuphiswano. Umsunguli lenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho Adam Smit wabiza ukhuphiswano 'isandla engabonakaliyo "zemalike. Wathi ngalo le nkqubo umnqweno nabavelisi ukuze ukukwandisa ingeniso kukhonza uluntu, njengoko yorhwebo uba qualitative ngakumbi.

Njengezinye amagama amaninzi, zokhuphiswano zizakujongwa njengo ibanzi kwaye ngendlela emxinwa. Nenye intsingiselo, baqonde inxalenye ukhuphiswano balo matshinana lemarike, elawula kwaye iqinisekisa intsebenziswano phakathi nxaxheba kwezoqoqosho. Ngengqiqo emxinwa, le nkqubo lunikelwa ukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani ngamanye "indawo phantsi kwelanga" mveliso ufake naliphi na ishishini. Umsebenzi ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho kwimarike ukumisela umyalelo izenzo kunye nosukelo ekufuneka kufikelelwe.

ukhuphiswano ephelele

Ngokubanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ama ezimbini iindidi kukhuphiswano: okupheleleyo abangafezekanga. ukhuphiswano ngokugqibeleleyo lahlulwe kwi imodeli, ingeyo abangafezekanga. Ekuqaleni, oko ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo imeko efanelekileyo emarikeni. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba bonke abenzi bavelisa imveliso efanayo luyaziphumelela iimfuno ezithile. Kutsala abathengi umenzi angakwazi kuphela ngoncedo lihamba ezithengisayo, kodwa awukwazi ukutshintsha imveliso ngokwayo. Enyanisweni, olu hlobo khuphiswano kunzima kakhulu ukufumana. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphandle kokuba uqoqosho amafama akhulisa imifuno efanayo kunye neziqhamo.

uxhamlo-wedwa

Le ndlela yeyona ngokubanzi zimelwe ehlabathini ngaloo mzuzu. Abadla bodwa yenye iimodeli ukhuphiswano abangafezekanga. Yeyona ubuninzi ziinkampani ezincinane avelisa iimveliso kwaye zinika iinkonzo zabo. ISISHWANKATHELO umsebenzi Ukhuphiswano kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kakhulu ngokubanzi zimelwe kule hlobo nkqubo. Eneneni, xa iimeko abantu abadla bodwa bakhuphisane phantse yonke ndlela: ukutshintsha ixabiso, umgangatho weemveliso, ukuthengisa, ukwenza brand entsha, njalo njalo ..

Imizekelo ukhuphiswano enjalo okuninzi: kunokuba kunye neenkampani ukhenketho, kunye zokuzilungisa, kunye yokubheja. Kwimizi ngemizi kukho imibutho eyahlukeneyo ezinikezela iinkonzo okanye iimveliso. Ezi nkampani ke abameli bodwa.

oligopoly

Olu emakethe phawu enye esasenza: kulo kufuneka ngaxeshanye ingasebenzi abenzi ngaphezu kweshumi. Umsebenzi ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho imakethi aluzi kwiziphumo ezimbini: nokuba iinkampani uncedo thethana yentsebenziswano okanye inkampani iqale soyise ukuba bathabath 'omnye komnye.

State phantsi oligopoly iqwalasela inqanaba amaxabiso kubavelisi azikho nagleli, akayibeka ixabiso eliphezulu kwi imveliso ayibizi kakhulu. Zonke iinkampani ezisebenza kule marike makhulu kunye nempumelelo. Le nkampani intsha cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba athathe isihlalo ecaleni kwabo. Njengoko imizekelo bungabonakala ababoneleli beeselula kunye noshishino kwemichiza le.

bodwa ingundoqo

Le imarike kuyinto yahlukile nabanye ukuba apha kukho umenzi enye kuphela. Umsebenzi kunye nendawo ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho kwimarike, kule meko akuthethi nto. Ukuba umenzi yenye nje, ukuba kungekho mntu ukukhuphisana, njengoko yinto bodwa lishishini ethile. Urhulumente kufuneka ukulawula imali, njengoko esiqinileyo-monopolist ungabeka phantse imithetho yabo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abadla bodwa ecocekileyo, kwakungekho imveliso. Kudla zaveliswa iminyaka enye imveliso enye, nto leyo ngcono. Oku kukhokelela mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho. bungabonakala Imizekelo imizi mveliso yokunyanga amanzi kunye nenkampani negesi.

imisebenzi ukhuphiswano

Okokuqala kufuneka ukuba ukuchonga iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho kwimarike ngokufutshane. Emva koko konke kuya kukhethwa ngaphandle ngokweenkcukacha. Ngoko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, le nkqubo kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo imiba yemveliso. Ngamanye amazwi, kufuneka kunceda ukuqhelana imveliso yangoku neemeko ezintsha. Okwesibini, ukhuphiswano kufuneka kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba injongo ephambili nayiphi ngusomashishini - ukuze afumane inzuzo - kudityaniswe inkqubela zobugcisa. Okwesithathu, ukhuphiswano ibonelela inkululeko amanyathelo. Inikela ukufumaneka ezichasene ngokupheleleyo nawuphi na umsebenzi.

zokulawula umsebenzi

Ke kaloku, malunga zonke iinkcukacha. Sizama ngandlela zonke ukuhlolisisa iimpawu ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho emarikeni, kunye imizekelo. Imarike isekelwe phezu eseleyo yonikezelo kunye nemfuno. umsebenzi Regulatory kunceda ukuchonga umthamo yemveliso, nto leyo eya kuhlangabezana neemfuno lomthengi.

Ukuze ubone oku, kufuneka bazobe igrafu, nto leyo iya kubonisa imfuno kunye nenani kweemveliso. Kwi itshati kukho ingongoma balance ebonisa isixa ilungelo imveliso. Hi xikombiso, le nkampani izibandakanye zemveliso yobisi. Kwangaloo mini ukhupha upakisho 50 zobisi kunye neetoti ezingama-20 cream ezimuncu. Ukuba ishishini uya kuvelisa upakisho 10 ubisi ngaphantsi, kuya kubakho intsilelo. Kwaye ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-10, apho kuya kubakho surplus. Ke ngoko, nokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimveliso, ngoko lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu.

ezintsha

Akukho kangako kwihlabathi lanamhlanje yinto phawu ezintsha. Kungoku nje yonke into utshintsha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ukuphuculwa kwemveliso, ekufunyanweni kwezixhobo eliphezulu iye yaba yimfuneko. Noko ke, asingabo bonke iinkampani abakulungeleyo ukuchitha imali eninzi imali ezintsha ezahlukeneyo. Nangona ngenxa iimeko zabo ngcono ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wemveliso eziphuculiweyo. Siqwalasela kumava amanye iinkampani ibonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa zonke iimpawu ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho emarikeni. Imizekelo ukuze ezahlukeneyo, kodwa uza kuyeka kwenye kubo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX nenkampani Nucor Steel, apho benza ekubunjweni ngentsimbi, akazange kwahluka kontanga yayo. Ngowe-1986, umongameli wakwazi ukufumana amaxwebhu ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Olu phuhliso ayiphelelanga, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo kufuneka isixa esikhulu semali, ekube inkampani. Noko ke, umongameli wathabatha ithuba, kwaye ngoku Nucor Steel - an ingxilimbela mveliso, nto leyo kuqala zonke ezinamandla waba yinkokheli kolu shishino.

umsebenzi yokuhlela

Njengazo zonke ezinye iimpawu ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho zorhwebo, ukwabiwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba uzimisele. Ngokutsho manani, isiqingatha-mveliso kuyeka ukusebenza emva konyaka emva kokuvela. 65% ushiye kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu. Oku kubonisa ukungabi nalwazi kunye inqanaba elincinane ezixhasayo. Le nkampani, leyo ijolise ukuwina abathengi, ukuba kuyenzeka oku. Ingabinani iya kusebenzisa kumsebenzi wabo zonke iinkalo ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho emarikeni. Esi sicwangciso kwakhona ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Izicwangciso imisebenzi yabo kuyimfuneko kuba kunceda ukuchonga ngokucacileyo zonke izigaba zophuhliso kwenkampani kwaye imisela mission kunye nenjongo lweshishini.

esweni umsebenzi

Control kwiimeko kukhuphiswano kufuneka khona ngohlobo nawuphi na imizimba. Le iimonopoli kunye oligopolies Iimarike unawo umzimba onjalo - iKomiti Antimonopoly. Ngokwemiqathango abadla bodwa esulungekileyo akukho gunya esomphathi, ekubeni kuyimfuneko. abezoqoqosho abaninzi musa ukukhulula umsebenzi wolawulo, ekubeni ukubeka ixabiso ngaphezu elinye imveliso eliphantsi-ezisemgangathweni iya kuba wabenzi, njengoko oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ilahleko abathengi kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, ngendlela imilinganiselo lweshishini. Kufuneka ukuba sisebenzele kwi iimpazamo zethu kwaye kuphuculwe imveliso ukuze singene iinkokeli phakathi kweenkampani efanayo.

isiphelo

Emva kokuqwalasela zonke iinkalo ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho kwimarike, sinokugqiba ukuba bonke ibaluleke kakhulu, yaye akukho ishishini akakwazi khona ngaphandle kwabo. Le mizekelo zibonisa ngokupheleleyo ngokubaluleka ngamnye imisebenzi. Zonke inkampani kufuneka ukusebenza kwi bugs, kodwa akukho mfuneko ngokwakho. ezinye iinkampani amava kubalulekile, kwaye phambi kokuba enze nasiphi na isigqibo esibalulekileyo kufuneka bafunde, nokuba kwimbali Kwiimeko ezinjalo nendlela yaphela.

Ngoku, kukho World Wide Web, leyo kuwonke-wonke, ngoko ke kulula kakhulu. Wena ke asingekhe silibale ngayo iincwadi eziza kunceda umrhwebi ekuqaleni ukusebenzisa zonke iinkalo ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho emarikeni. Book A. S. Eliseeva "Economy", phakathi kwezinye izinto, i indawo yokuqala elisemagqabini ngokuphonononga imigaqo-Economics.