Umgama ukuya Moon

Ngubani na ukuqwalasela ecacileyo kuphole ngokuhlwa obungunaphakade ikholwane Umhlaba - twisiseka kunye namahle nenyanga? Ukusuka mgama kubonakala anencasa phantse ezimhlophe, kodwa eyona nto kukuthi, yintoni umgama eNyangeni? Umele umhlaba satellite yendalo, nto leyo iba imilo ungqukuva kanye ububanzi of 3480 km. Ukuba babhenele uncedo iteleskopu, uyakwazi ukubona ubuso bakhe bonke wambu ematyeni. Izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba inyanga engekho ngokupheleleyo emoyeni, yaye ngaloo ndlela ngaphandle nayiphi ubomi. Yeengcinga imvelaphi kwenyanga kakhulu eninzi, kodwa isisombululo ekhethekileyo, izazinzulu ziye lalingekafiki. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungqina obuqokelelwe ebegqwese ukuvula kancinci ikhuselo kuyimfihlo.

Umgama ukuya enyangeni, ibalwe phakathi kumaziko abo ngumgama oziikhilomitha 384.399 okanye 0,00257 AU. Ukuba usithelekise sangqa iplanethi yethu, umendo satellite iza kuba 30 Umhlaba ngobubanzi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa kuthelekiswa ukuba ukujikeleza koMhlaba, komzila kwenyanga okweqanda, ngoko umgama eNyangeni ngamathuba litshintsha ixabiso layo.

Kwinkulungwane 2 BC kule impahla umhlaba sele esazi Scientist Hipparchus. Wakwazi Ungabala umndilili umgama, nenyanga, owayephila ngexesha ahambelanayo inani. Yena kuqala kubalwa ukuba ilingana no-30 Umhlaba ngobubanzi. Enye ingcali yenzululwazi, Aristarh Samossky, kwiincwadi zakhe, "Ngomhla magnitudes kunye yebanga lilanga kunye neNyanga" isekhona i-III. BC wazama ukubala umgama phakathi imizimba yasezulwini. Wathabatha njengesiseko yokuba iNyanga imilo approximating ukuya ungqukuva, yaye ibengezela ukukhanya kubonakala ukusuka elangeni. Wayekholelwa, xa inyanga kwisigaba ethile aze akhangele nakwisiqingatha diski, it yakha imilo zejometri ngohlobo unxantathu kunye esinekona sasekunene. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ISAZINZULU wenza impazamo xa izibalo amaxesha-20 ukususela kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukujonga ngqo xa iNyanga ngaphezulu akwiengile elungileyo.

Namhlanje umgama enyangeni ixhomekeke iindlela eziliqela njengezichanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ayaziwa indlela triangulation iingongoma ezimbini zikude emhlabeni. Enye indlela isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa laser kuxhomekeke isibakala sokuba ixesha elilinganisiweyo yomqondiso laser kuthunyelwa nenyanga, yaye ngoko ke kubangela umva. Undoqo yeyokuba eNyangeni, oosonzululwazi wasebenzisa kwikona kugqame ekhethekileyo ifakiwe. Uphawu lwe laser ithunyelwa ukusuka kumphezulu Umhlaba esiya kugqame, ngaloo ndlela kanye beka ixesha layo ukuthumela. Wathumela kwaye ukukhanya iboniswe kwenyanga ixesha elithile wabuyela kweteleskopu. Ekubeni kubalwa ixesha ngqo apho umqadi sele lidlule yoMhlaba kunye neNyanga kunye Wabuya ke, ukuba ukujonga umgama ukusuka kumthombo kwimitha ukuya kugqame.

Umzekelo, kwi komzila kufutshane-Umhlaba mganyana iNyanga 363.104 km, kwaye xa ususa, okanye mandithi kwi apogee, nto ilingana km 405.696. Ngenxa yoko, umgama ingahluka phantse-12%.

Umhlaba kunye neNyanga musa akhombe umzimba, ngoko ukujonga umgama mfutshane phakathi kwabo ukubala ilandelayo: umgama ukusuka perigee uthabathe inani radii ukuba ulingana 6378 no 1738 km. Isiphumo endibufumeneyo esifunekayo ubuncinane umgama phakathi amanqaku wobuso zeNyanga kunye noMhlaba, alingana 354.988 km.

Ukuba saya ngeenyawo ukuya umgama olingana umgama ukusuka uMhlaba neNyanga, ehamba ngesantya kwe-5 km / ngeyure ngaphandle ngovimba, baya owayeza kuwoyisa kuphela emva kweminyaka 9. Flying kwi moya ngesantya ka-800 km / h beluya kuba lufutshane, oko ingasivumela ukuba siye inyanga ngeentsuku ezingama-20.

Enyanisweni, ukoyisa umgama ukuya enyangeni, oosomajukujuku American kwi isiphekepheke "Apollo". Baba ngabantu bokuqala abaye bahamba phezu kwenyanga, yaye kwakukho isiganeko ebalulekileyo ngoJulayi 20, 1969. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakufuneka iintsuku ezi-3. Eyona ndlela fastest - kukuba endiza kwisantya ubukhaphukhaphu 300 amawaka km / s kwi. Le kwenyanga kuya kuba ungafumaneki ngokusebenzisa kwimizuzwana 1.25 ukukhanya.