Yekaterinburg: labantu

ERashiya, 15 kuphela imizi kwemiphakathi ngaphezu kwesigidi abantu, kwaye omnye wabo - isixeko Yekaterinburg. Bangaphi abantu namhlanje bahlala kule lali? Siza kuthetha ukutshintsha indlela inani yabemi, ukuba abantu abaninzi abahlala apho namhlanje nendlela utshintsh inani kule minyaka izayo.

indawo okuyo

Phantse embindini Eurasia, emdeni Europe kunye Asia, ifumaneka sixeko sikhulu kwi Urals - Ekaterinburg. Inani abemi kulo iminyaka emininzi ukukhula, yaye oku kubangelwe kwindawo ekhethwe kunye zokuhlala: oko ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zothutho kunye norhwebo iindlela ezininzi.

Le dolophu ukwakweli kumathambeka lwempuma yeso phambene Mountains, ukuphakama kwayo ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kweemitha 270. Isiqabu umzi ekwafanekisa le indawo, apho ukuziqengqa iinduli, iintaba phantsi kunye namathafa, kodwa ziphakamileyo apho. Lo mmandla kufanelekile zokwakha.

Ngomhla kummandla Ekaterinburg kuthatha ezintathu imilambo Iset, Salda kunye Patrushikha. kummandla phambene esisityebi kwizimbiwa, oku kunempembelelo entle kuphuhliso mzi. Indawo sikude kwimimandla engundoqo ye-lizwe, ukusuka eMoscow kokuba ezahlulwe sisithuba 1660 km. Kodwa yena ibekwe kakuhle apho kudibana kwiindlela ezininzi, yaye oko sizathu siphambili sokuba lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso.

indaba

Ngowe-1723 yi isigqibo loMlawuli uPeter Omkhulu waqalisa imbali isixeko ekuthiwa Yekaterinburg. Inani abemi wokuqala amancinci: abantu malunga 4 amawaka. babesebenzela phantsi ironworks ukwakhiwa kunye neentsapho zabo. Kwiminyaka emibini oko kwakhiwa, isityalo metallurgical unique enamandla, uNomsa eye kungabi eRashiya.

Kwiminyaka 30 isixeko ikhule ibe ikomkhulu ngokwenene kummandla lemigodi. Ngowe-1807, le ubume kungqinwe igama "Intaba City" egameni bamandla kumkani kaThixo. Ngayo negalelo kuphuhliso ngakumbi ngexesha lokufunyanwa iidiphozithi zegolide zizityebi kwi phambene kwiiNtaba.

Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20 Ekaterinburg esigquma mbuso. Ngo-Oktobha 1917, ngamandla yiSoviet yasekwa. Apha ke liye lakhutshwa womzalwana koMlawuli Nicholas II kaThixo. Apha, ukumkani, nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana badutyulwa ngoJulayi 1918. Ngo-1924, urhulumente omtsha ugqibe ukuthiya ngokutsha umzi, ngoko waba Sverdlovsk. Waqalisa ukuthwala igama senkokeli esebenzayo ye revolution.

Kumaxesha Soviet, Sverdlovsk ikhula ibe liziko mveliso kunye neyolawulo enamandla. Kwiminyaka engama-30 apha wakha amashishini mveliso enkulu ezimbalwa, iiyunivesithi ezivulekileyo, isixeko ebegqwese kwangenelela ne-iilali ezikufuphi, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yezothutho loluntu. Ngexesha Second World War e Sverdlovsk baba akhiwa imikhosi emibini, iimbambaniso eziliqela zomkhosi, wanika utshaba nenduna ufanelwe kuwo onke amanqanaba. Kule minyaka ingama-50 Sverdlovsk gqolo ukuphuhlisa njengeziko woshishino mmandla.

Ngowe-1991, esi sixeko wabuyela igama layo zembali. Emva luhlengahlengiso Ekaterinburg ngamandla isombulula urhwebo, nto leyo inegalelo kwindawo elungileyo nokufikeleleka zothutho kakhulu. It uqalisa ukwakha izibonelelo kubakhenkethi. Namhlanje Yekaterinburg - esinye sezixeko likhulu lizwe. Yeyona embindini ushishino, urhwebo, ushishino nenkcubeko.

division Political

Namhlanje emzini Yekaterinburg, abemi apho sele kudala upasisiwe kwesigidi yahlulwe ngokusesikweni zibe izithili ezisi-7: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Chkalovsky, Upper Iset, Ordzhenikidzevsky, laseKirov, Train. Kodwa ngokwembali abemi inxalenye wesixeko yeendawo zokuhlala ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo, yaye la amagama indawo zisetyenziswa qho xa orientation ngemihla.

Kukho iindawo mveliso: Uralmash, Elmash, Khimmash kanye abunjwe malunga amashishini mveliso. Njengoko naliphi na ityala, kukho iindawo ngokuba "Centre", "Station". Kukho iindawo zesixeko, baye bafumana amagama imbeko kwezi sayithi enkulu kummandla wabo, ezifana Vtuzgorodok, ogama imbeko abantu umfundi, yenkukhu Farm, Vtorchermet. Ezinye ndawo zaye ogama lakhe behlonipha bezinto geographical: Shartash ezinxulumene ne igama edikeni, Uktus - igama zeentaba. Iindawo ezingalungeleleneyo kwintsimi zazo kunye nenani labantu kwakunye kwinqanaba uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kunye nentuthuzelo yobomi.

Le Dynamics labantu

Ukubeka iliso inani yabemi liqalela kanye kwesiseko Yekaterinburg. Ngokutsho kubalo yokuqala, ngowe-1724 kwakukho malunga 4 amawaka abantu. ukunyuka okuthe chu kwamanani abemi Ukususela loo mzuzu iqala. Kwiminyaka engama-50 yokuqala, inani liye kabini abemi. Yi imephu kwenkulungwane ye-19 ekuqaleni yoBukhosi baseRashiya wabona isixeko oselula nakakuhle enkulu Yekaterinburg.

Yintoni nani ke njengesiqhelo izixeko Russian? izixeko ezifana endulo Kazan, Rostov, ngeli xesha babalwayo 10-12 amawaka, kwakunye Ekaterinburg oselula. Yandisa inani imali abemi ukuba amakhulu abantu ngonyaka. A jump ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwenani labemi kwenzeka kwi-imi- 70-80 kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa ukwakhiwa amashishini amatsha kunye nokwanda kwenani labantu yasemaphandleni yenzekile. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, ukukhula isixeko sele ulinganiswa amawaka abantu nyaka ngamnye. Yaye imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yama-20, nkqu amashumi amawaka.

Kweli thuba ukususela 1923 ukuya 1931 inani labahlali 97 amawaka abantu besuka ku 223 lamawaka. Ngo-1939, isixeko kabini inani labantu balo mveliso esebenzayo. Ngu ekuqalekeni 50 kwimephu ye-USSR, isixeko esitsha 500,000th ye Yekaterinburg. Inani abemi ngonyaka iqala ukwandisa ukuba amashumi amawaka.

Ngowe-1970, i-Sverdlovsk waba imizi. Ngowe-1992, nemiba yokuqala ezimbi yabemi sabhalwa kwimbali sixeko. Ebudeni beminyaka perestroika inani Yekaterinburg kwehlela kancinane, kodwa ngo-2005 yaqala kwakhona ukubonisa ukukhula. Namhlanje kwisixeko kwesigidi sabantu 1,44.

nezibalo

Yekaterinburg, inani yabemi likhula rhoqo, uye ukuchuma elungileyo. Ngo-2011, ingxelo belucwangcisiwe: ukuba ubakhanyisele usana 13.2 1,000 nganye. Ngaloo ukusweleka sinciphile kwaye neqondo lokuzalwa kwabantu eliphezulu labantu 2,000 ngonyaka. Esi salathisi lulunge kakhulu eRashiya, apho kwizixeko ezininzi kobu ngaphambi izinga wokuzalwa. Ekaterinburg - isixeko abaselula, ubudala umlinganiselo zabahlali yiminyaka 37.

umsebenzi

Ekaterinburg, laso siya uphando, ugcine up isiseko esihle industrial ukususela leSoviet. Ukongeza, le ocalu-eSoviet uye wavula amashishini amatsha amaninzi, kwaye ukukhula kuyaqhubeka. Nakubeni ukwehla kunye irekhodi kwimveliso yezoqoqosho wokuqaliswa Yekaterinburg 0,89% yabo bonke ngqesho. Le yenye intle kweli lizwe. Ukuba umsebenzi inika flow uthotho abahlali esixekweni. Ulutsha angazishiyi isixeko lomthonyama bakhe, njengoko ebona okuhle elikhulu kuphuhliso kwaye apho.

iziseko isixeko kunye nomgangatho wobomi

Ekaterinburg Namhlanje, inani yabemi ekufuphi ukuya kwisi-1.5 million, eli ekwakheni iindlela, ukuphuhlisa uthungelwano lwezothutho. Isixa lwezindlu ezintsha wayethunywe kunye nezibonelelo zentlalo kwisixeko ngenye kumanqanaba aphezulu kweli lizwe. Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki kunye nomgangatho iindlela, eziphilayo, Yekaterinburg kwakucingwa ukuba umzi umgangatho ophezulu wobomi. Kunye nongeniselo lomgadi labemi - isiqinisekiso obalaseleyo yalo.