Ingxaki ye-ethnogenesis ye-Slavs yaseMpuma, okanye Kutheni imbali yethu inemhlophe?

I-Ethnogenesis yamaSlav eqhuba i-anthropology, i-archaeology, iilwimi, i-anthroponymics kunye nezinye i-science.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiSlav, njengabantu basekuhlaleni, zavela kwaye zaphuhliswa njengamanye amaqela ahlala kwintsimi yaseNtshona neYentlaphu yaseYurophu. Ngexesha lePalaolithic, ezi zizwe zidibanisa isidingo sokuveliswa kokutya kunye kunye nokukhuselwa kwamabango kwezinye izizwe. Ngeli nqanaba amaSlav awazange ahlukaniswe kwiqela elihlukeneyo. Kukho nawuphi na, akunakwenzeka ukuyilandelela kwizenzululwazi. Iingxaki ze-ethnogenesis ze- Slavs zaseMpuma zaqala malunga ne-12th-10th BC.

Kwixesha elichaziweyo leentlanga zibonakala ngathi zinepropati kunye kunye okanye ngaphantsi kokusasaza imveliso. Ulwazi kunye nezakhono zabantu ukusuka kwisizukulwana kuya kwisizukulwana zikhula kwaye ziphantse ku-VI-V kwiminyaka eyi- BC. Ziphucula izixhobo, zisebenzise izilwanyana zokuqala, zize ziphuhlise ezolimo. Isiganeko esibaluleke kakhulu kule nqanaba kwakukufumanisa izitye, ubhedu bokuqala, ngoko ubhedu, kunye nentsimbi yesibini. Ingxaki ye-ethnogenesis ye-Slavs yaseMpuma ithola uphuhliso olutsha. Abo bafunda isayensi yokwenza isinyithi kwaye babe nezinto ezibonakalayo ezi zinto zenzeke kwindawo efanelekileyo. Bonke abanye bathenga okanye batshintshana okufunayo, okanye bawina.

Ingxaki ye-ethnogenesis yeSlavs empuma yeli xesha ibonakala ngokungafani, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukungahambelani kweziphumo zophando eziqhutywe ngezesayensi ezahlukeneyo. Ngethamsanqa, ezinye iintlanga, umzekelo, amaGrike, ngelo xesha zaveliswa ngokungaqhelekanga, zakhiwa iithempile zamarble, zakha iinkqubo ezinkcenkceshelo zokunkcenkceshela, amachibi, izicwina, kwaye zazi nolwimi olubhaliweyo. Siyabulela kwiirekhodi zezazi zakudala zamaGrisi, sinokuqiniseka ukuba phakathi kwekhulu le-6 BC amaSlav ayekho. Izazi-mlando zaseByzantine zazihlukanisa zibe yi-sklavinov kunye no-Antes, ababehlala ngaphandle komngcele osenyakatho waseByzantium. Indawo yabo yalala phakathi kweDnieper (iYordan) kunye neDanube (i-Istra) ngapha nangapha, kwandlela kwelinye icala lisuka kwi-Vistula (iWhiskey), i-Elbe kunye ne-Oder (Procopia). Kuba amaGrike anengqiqo, ookhokho bethu, ababehlala ezindlwini ezazibukeka njengamaqhekeza kwaye bengayazi nokubhala, babonakala bengabanqabileyo. Enyanisweni, amaSlav a mandulo ayenako ukwenza kunye nokuhlobisa iimbumba ezinemihlobiso, ukudweba, ukudala imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo, ngokuyininzi izilwanyana kunye neentaka, zineziseko zenkolo. Ngelishwa, ngeli thuba bashiya inkolelo yokuzalwa kwakhona kwaye baqalisa ukucwina abafileyo, okwenza uphando lwezinto zakudala lube nzima.

UHerodotus, ngaphezu kwe-antes kunye ne-sklavins, uthetha ngeVenedov, abantu abahlala kwiindawo eziphantsi kweVichkly. UVenedov ezininzi izazinzulu zijonga iiSlavs. Ngubani na osuka kwizizwe zase-Indo-Yurophu ezihlala kwimimandla yaseYurophu yokhokho wabo, inzululwazi yempendulo ayinikezi. Ingxaki ye-ethnogenesis ye-Slavs yaseMpuma ikukho ukungabi nolwazi lwalo mbandela ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi kwedatha. Iilwimi zisekela uphuhliso lwee-ethnos ze-Slavs zaseMpuma ekufundeni amagama aqhelekileyo kunye nemigomo efumaneka kwiintlanga ezininzi, kwaye ngokwemiqathango yolwimi, iiSlav zidibaniswa namaTaliyane kunye nemibhobho.

I-Geneticists zisekela iziphumo zazo ekufundweni kwendoda ye-Y chromosome, efunekayo ukugcina ulwazi malunga nookhokho abaqhelekileyo. Ingxaki ye-ethnogenesis ye-Slavs yaseMpuma apha ilele kwiintlobo ezininzi zeengxowa-mali zezizwe, ezihambelana nokufuduka kunye neemfazwe ezingapheliyo zokulwa. I-Genetics enefuthe eliphezulu lamaBhalts abizwa ngokuba yiokhokho baseSlav ngokubanzi. Ngelo xesha, amaSlav angasenyakatho ahlanganisana neFinnno-Ugric Finns, amaSlav aseNtshona kunye namaCelt, kunye namaSlav asezantsi aseTracians. Ikhaya lezindlu zooyise kwi-Slavs yaseMpuma lugqitywa yintsimi ye-Ukraine yamanje. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngophando lwezinto zakudala kunye nophando olunzulu lwePrague-Korchakovo kunye nePrague-Penkov. Nangona abanye badibanisa amaSlav kunye nenkcubeko yeChernyakhov, oko kukuthi, kunye neGoths. Ngezo zihlandlo ezinzima kwakukho ukulwa kwegazi rhoqo phakathi kwezizwe.

AmaSlav, phantsi kwengxinzelelo yeemeko, aye kwimimandla engatshintshiyo, ehleli ngaselunxwemeni lwemilambo kunye namachibi, yintoni eyabangela amagama abantu basekuhlaleni. I-Vyatichi, iKrivichi, iDrevlyane, iGlade kunye nabanye babonakala. Abantu bajikeleze iindawo zabo zokuhlala, bahlaziywa ngeendonga eziphakamileyo. Bayibizwa ngokuba yiinqununu kuba belawulwa yizikhulu. Ngexesha leemfazwe, abo babeyizikhulu zomphathi. Baye bancedwa liqela elithembekileyo, eliqokelela abantu. Ngexesha loxolo, umgaqo wawusetyenziswa ngabaphathi beemanyano zoluntu, ogunyaziwe lalo lininzi. Ibhunga labadala namabandla abantu, elibizwa ngokuba yi-veche, lincede ukuxazulula imicimbi yoluntu kubaphathi.

Ngeli xesha, unqulo lobuhedeni lwagqitywa.

Ubuhedeni bamaSlav aseMpuma buxhomekeke kwi-totemism nase-fetishism. Ababingeleli babekholelwa ukuba bevela kuyo nayiphi na imfuyo, banokubuyela kubo. Benza iitempile zonqulo (amanani amancinci ezilwanyana ezitholakala ngexesha lokucima). Amanqaku amaninzi aseRussia, umzekelo, inkcazo yefrime-frog, oku kuqinisekisiweyo ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona, amaSlav ayenqula izinto zendalo, imithi, amaqula, amahlathi njalonjalo. Emva koko, imimoya yokhokho yanyulwa njengezinto zokunqula. Kukho amanzi, amahlathi, brownies. Isigaba sokugqibela sobuhedeni sinokholo koothixo. AmaSlav ayephethe oothixo bemvelo kunye neengqungquthela, owona mnye ungoyindoda yokuduma kunye nombane uPerun. Ukumnqula kunye nabanye oothixo, ii-Slavs ezakhela iitempile (indawo evulelekileyo yeemfundiso), zenziwa imicimbi, ngokwemihlaba eyahlukeneyo ehamba kunye nemihlatshelo yabantu.

Ukwahlukana kobasebenzi, ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo, ukukhula kwentlalo yabasebenzi abathile kunye nokuhlwempuzeka kwamanye kubakhokelela ekuhlaleni kwemimiselo. Isizwe sokuqala esinjalo kwiSlav zasendulo kwakuyiKivanvan Rus.