Bodwa kuqoqosho - na ... bodwa kunye Ukhuphiswano kuqoqosho Russian. Indima abadibeneyo kuqoqosho Russian

Impembelelo lodwa kuqoqosho ngawo onke amaxesha ikhona kuye omkhulu. Kulo mzekelo, impembelelo kungaba kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Ngenxa iintsilelo kwimimiselo ethile yomthetho onxulumene ubungaka- ulawulo, uphando yedwa usoloko kubaluleke kakhulu.

definition

Bodwa kuqoqosho iinkampani ezinkulu inxaxheba kwimveliso kunye nolawulo ukuphunyezwa omnye okanye ngaphezulu iintlobo kwempahla. phambi kwabo ayibandakanyi ithuba ukukhuphisana. iimeko bodwa kuqoqosho ukufikelela ukusondelelana nabanye amashishini.

oonobangela

Kutheni kukho bodwa? Kwinkalo yezoqoqosho kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezithi zibe negalelo kwindlela ukuvela kwamashishini ezinjalo. Izizathu eziphambili ziquka:

1. Ukukwazi ukufumana ingeniso engakumbi ngenxa yokungabikho oyikhethayo yabathengi.
2. Le yoxinaniso kwimveliso kunye eyinkunzi.
3. Ukungabikho wokhuphiswano.
4. mandla lonke ulawulo capital - "nokufunxwa" ngeqela kwamashishini amancinane.
5. Ithuba ukuphumeza inkqubo yorhwebo langaphandle omkhulu.

ngezigaba

Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho zinakho ukuba khona lodwa kwezoqoqosho. Zezi:

• Enterprise State. Iinkampani ezinjalo ngokusemthethweni. izenzo olumisiweyo laliqulunqwe imida, umyalelo imisebenzi yabo.
• bodwa Natural. Xa rhwebo kukho imeko nkqubo, ezifezekisayo imfuno iza kuba yimpumelelo ngakumbi ukungabikho kukhuphiswano. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu features ubugcisa bemveliso. Kulo imveliso, evela kwi kwisityalo, akanako kufakwe ezinye izinto. Kulo mba, imfuno iimveliso ezenziwe inkampani, kangangoko esingaphantsi kuya kuxhomekeka notshintsho ixabiso koko eziziimpawu nezinye iimveliso.
• Vula bodwa kuqoqosho - loo nto imeko xa kukho iteknoloji entsha, kodwa nangoku kakuhle. Ngako oko, ukuphunyezwa kwayo lwenzeka kwi kwinqanaba lokuqala, njengokuba umthetho, inkampani enkulu eyodwa.

Indima abadibeneyo kuqoqosho Russian

Companies yale hlobo izalisekisa umsebenzi ebalulekileyo Russian Federation. Indima abadibeneyo kuqoqosho Russian, kubonakala kwinto yokuba urhulumente yenkampani kuxhomekeke kakhulu okukhuphisana lizwe nakwihlabathi. Ukongeza, ukubaluleka kwaye nokhuseleko lwangaphakathi kwimo imveliso. Le yokugqibela kukuba imveliso eyenziweyo ndiyaphela lonke uluntu. Ezinkulu amashishini-monopolists athwale umbane, igesi, amanzi, ukubonelela uthutho, kuquka iziporo, iinkonzo umoya, ukubonelela iinkqubo zonxibelelwano, unxibelelwano. Zonke ezi mveliso ningagqitywa bebonke. Enye yezona iinkalo ziphambili ezahlula nayiphi bodwa kuqoqosho - kukuseka nemiqobo yokungena ophezulu ezikhethiweyo kushishino. Xa kukho mnye kuphela umvelisi, umphumo imveliso yazo likhulu kakhulu, oko akhiwa isixa mali eza kwenza ezinye iinkampani kukhuphiswano. Kuluntu, njengoko umthetho, akukho ithuba ukumelana ngaphezu kwesinye loo nkampani.

№ Federal Umthetho 147

Lo Mthetho ubonelela uluhlu lamacandelo, iyileyo ukwenza inkampani enye bodwa. Ezi ziquka:

1. Uthutho iimveliso igesi, neoli kunye neoli ngemibhobho.
2. Ubonelelo lweenkonzo okutshintshela ubushushu nombane.
3. F / d zokuhamba.
4. Iinkonzo Terminal (izithuthi, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya).
5. Ukubonelelwa yolawulo dispatch zokusebenza kwishishini ngamandla ombane.
6. Iinkonzo Ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo iindlela zamanzi lwangaphakathi.

Ngokutsho kolu luhlu, iba nizihlahlele indima enkulu bodwa kuqoqosho. Ezi mveliso ezichaphazela imiba ebalulekileyo nobomi. Umongo bodwa kuqoqosho ukubonelelwa ngokuqhubekayo lweemveliso eziyimfuneko, ephethe kwizinga eliphezulu ixabiso. Phakathi iinkampani ezigqamileyo asebenza kwi-Russian Federation kule nkalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ezi, ezifana:

1. "Gazprom".
2. "Iziporo Russian".
3. "Transneft".
4. "FGC YO".

Okukodwa

Bodwa kuqoqosho - kuba inkampani enjalo, apho:

1. Imisebenzi becala iquka ubonelelo ngeenkonzo, eyenzelwe uluhlu olubanzi abasebenzisi (abathengi).
2. Le mali ibandakanya izityhwentywe zemali.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, imisebenzi eenkampani kufuneka ezilawulwa ngurhulumente. Kwindawo yokuqala kwinqanaba yowiso ungacwangcisa imida ethile ukuba ukuyilwa amaxabiso iinkonzo. Tariffing kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze imveliso eyenziweyo iye ifumaneke kubo bonke abathengi. Ukongeza, kumashishini enjalo, kwakunye nezinye, unomsebenzi ukuba enze iintlawulo irhafu mali.

okukhona

Enterprise-monopolist ekwazi uku:

• Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa isiphumo nobungakanani imveliso yayo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko ukuvelisa iyunithi yemveliso.
• Yokuqokelela imali kakhulu ukwenzela ukugcina umgca yemveliso kwinqanaba elilelona.
• Sebenzisa ekufezekiseni STP.
• Landela izithethe efanayo iinkonzo kunye neemveliso.
• Faka indlela lemakethi lwesakhiwo intra-oluneqela elinegunya, inkqubo ubudlelwano. Oku kunegalelo unciphiso kakhulu ilahleko enxulumene ne ukungaqiniseki kunye nobungozi.

bendlela

izinto ezimbi izinto bodwa zibonakale amakhono abo ukuba:

• Awunakucwangcisa umphakamo kweendleko zokuthengisa. Oku kwenza isilingo ukuba ekutshintsheni isabelo esikhulu senkcitho yabathengi. Le yokugqibela aliyi kuba nefuthe reverse kwi kwishishini.
• Ukuvimba uphuculo zobugcisa kwimveliso.
• Gcina ngeendleko umgangatho iinkonzo kunye neemveliso.
• Thatha ifomu of "diktat yolawulo", ngaloo ndlela ukubuyisela indlela ekhoyo kukhuphiswano.

iziphumo

Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka kuluhlu olungentla, isidima lwamashishini abadla bodwa zinokuba neengxaki, kwakunye vice versa. Oku kubonisa ukuba le fomu ulawulo buyaphikisana kakhulu. Elibonisa ukuba zinkulu bawo okanye eziluncedo, yingxaki kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, abantu awukwazi kuphila ixesha elide na ukungaqiniseki kunye nokuxhomekeka lodwa. Inkqubo ekhoyo ngoku akakwazi nokuba buthathaka, singasathethi ukoyisa indima elibi abadibeneyo kuqoqosho. Ngaphandle koku, le nkampani ngoku ngabavelisi eziphambili zotyalo-mali.

umthetho karhulumente

Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, kukho ulawulo ixabiso, equka indlela:

1. iindleko avareji.
2. Iqala ixabiso siyaphela. Esebenzisa le ndlela, ichazwa ngabasebenzisi, ngubani kuxhomekeke kwinkonzo yesinyanzelo. Kubo, awunakucwangcisa umphakamo ubuncinane lokhuseleko akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwanelisa ngokupheleleyo.
3. Wokuxhasa. Le ndlela kuthiwa indlela calulo ngexabiso. Ubonisa ukuba abathengi zinikwe imveliso elinye ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokuxhaphaza abanye abasebenzisi.

Kwakhona isebenza ulawulo karhulumente non-ixabiso. Zezi:

1. Ukuhlolwa yokuqala. Uthi ilungiselelo olusisinyanzelo isicelo semvume ukungena nakwesiphi intengiselwano okanye olunye ulwazi ngokucelwa ngurhulumente.
2. Landela-up. It is a umzimba mandatory elawulayo aziswe izenzo azenzileyo.

amaxabiso qhwa

Eli nyathelo esithatyathwe kwinqanaba likarhulumente 2013. Kunyaka wokuqala isisombululo angamvusanga iirhafu, kwaye kule minyaka-2 ezayo isalathisi kwamaxabiso kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngelo xesha, yedwa wathi uya kunyanzeleka ukuba itshone iinkqubo zotyalo-mali. Oku, kuba nefuthe elibi kwi imeko eziliqela mveliso. Ukongeza, ekuqaleni ekuqalisweni kwe imiqathango enjalo yaye inkampani walatha amathuba rearrangements zezakhiwo. Ngoko ke, kwaba ukuncitshiswa lwabasebenzi (kwiyunithi lolawulo), angavunyelwa indexation umvuzo (ngaphandle abasebenzi zemveliso). Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi of "Gazprom" ngo-2013 xa 'amazinyo iirhafu emi-3 ezayo, le nkampani ithe ayaba 510 billion engange yengeniso. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo yotyalo luthelekelelwa ukuba lincitshiswe engange 407 billion.