ESoviet umkhweli yokurhafisa kaloliwe IS: imbali, iimpawu zobugcisa

1937 waba yimbalasane Paris ngenxa Expo yeHlabathi ukuthatha indawo apho. "Phendla" (igama ngothando le kaloliwe umkhweli "iosif Stalin") got Prix wakhe Ozukileyo. Ngelo xesha le kaloliwe inamandla eYurophu. Ngolo hlobo ke wahlala kwimbali kaloliwe zomphunga eSoviet.

Phambi kwexesha

Umphunga injini inguqulelo abakhweli ye sele ekhoyo wand impahla umphunga "UFeliks Dzerzhinsky", ezenziwa-1931 ukuya 1941 kwi Lugansk kaloliwe izityalo. Oku wadalwa ngenxa yokwanda izihlandlo eziliqela umthamo ingeniso - kweli lizwe mveliso. Umphunga injini lohlobo 1-4-2. Kuthetha ukuthini? Nguye lo asi uqhuba 4, a Muller no-2 inkxaso kwisakhelo ziqinile. On model IS20-241 ithiwe thaca kwi-World i-Fair. Uluvo wabonakala ngazwi - eli kaloliwe ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe.

Lo kaloliwe wonke-ezintsha

Ngu ekuqaleni ukuveliswa lo mqondiso bugcisa sele esekwe kwi-United States zikaloliwe enamandla zezithuthi yezithuthi - "Mountain," "Hudson" yaye "Lokovanna". Le ndlela yokubala yezihlunu efanayo ICS, yaba North yaseMelika impahla Berkchir. Kodwa kwahlukile ngokwesiseko kwiinkalo ezithile ukusuka kaloliwe eSoviet ezenzelwe enzima yeposi kwaye umkhweli zothutho phezu imigama emide, ehamba ngesantya olucothayo imikhondo enzima ezifana '2A'.

kwiimeko zogunyaziso

Umphunga Injini akazange aphume ndawo. ESoviet kaloliwe ngomphunga waqalisa ukuphuhlisa kunye imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ngenxa amava amaninzi Kolomna project izityalo kaloliwe "Mikado" yadalwa 1929. Kodwa awenziwanga le projekthi, yaye ngowe-1931 baqalisa ukwenza kaloliwe enamandla ngakumbi. Enye yeemfuno eziphambili yaba interchangeability ubuninzi amacandelwana uhide injini "UFeliks Dzerzhinsky". Ukongeza, i-injini yayikukuba ibambelele,-50% ngaphezulu uhlobo wand umphunga SU, okanye "ngcono Sormovo" ( "Dry"), yaveliswa ngowe-1924.

amacebo uvelile

NgoFebruwari, mzobo yanikwa Central Bureau of kaloliwe ngokuyilwa eneenkcukacha, yaye ngoAprili igqityiwe izibalo. Njongo ngaphaya - i abayili ikwazile ukwenza interchangeable kunye PD nje kuphela lombhobho, Boiler, asi-iibhokisi, neefeleni kunye nezinye iindawo, zenza kube lula ukuba usebenzise inkqubo yokumisa spring (inkqubo ngokulungelanisa imeko-uzinzo). Ngo-Epreli, uphuhliso ukuwa ukusuka kwisityalo ofisi yoyilo kaloliwe e Kolomna, apho, kunye inxaxheba kwishishini Izhora ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha 1932 kwavelisa kaloliwe yokuqala.

Ngaphezu yokusebenza enhle

Ekupheleni kuDisemba waloo nyaka bazibhala ngawo lwaqokelelwa le kaloliwe yesibini. Konke 1933 kule modeli esisungulwe iziporo ezintathu - South, uCatherine no-Oktobha. Amandla avareji, nto leyo wabonisa kaloliwe kwaba 2500 HP, kwaye kanye ngokuvela-8% kule ndawo "Moscow Bologoe" sifika 3400 hp Udibaniso yi amaxesha ngaphezulu amabini (ezicwangcisiweyo%-50 kuphela) ladlula amandla "yokomisa". Le inkulu eYurophu yaye sele atsho kwibhoyila (80 kg / m ² • h), oluthe lwagqitha nkqu irekhodi "lizuze" (65 kg / m ² • h).

Beka emifuleni

Kuloo nkongolo iqela elandelayo, ebanjwe 1934, kwaba isigqibo esibalulekileyo - Steam series Engine ( "iosif Stalin") kule ilandelayo, yaba kwisicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu wesibini kufuneka umkhweli kaloliwe iphambili epakini kweli lizwe. Kodwa Kolomna mveliso akazange abe namandla, uzibeka ibe ubunzima flow koololiwe ezinjalo. Ekupheleni kuka-1935, baye bakhululwa ezintandathu kuphela. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa 1927-1931 ukuba isityalo Voroshilov Umatshini mveliso amatsha inike ukuhamba okukhutshwa zikaloliwe kunye iisilinda ibhloko kunye kabini izakhelo.

Nokuba ngcono, sihle

Kuba omnye kuphela ngowe-1936 oko wakhululwa 3 kaloliwe. Ezinye iinkcukacha kuthelekiswa Kolomna injini kuye kwaphuculwa, umzekelo, aba matshini kufuneka elithambileyo 6-asi endaweni ka-4-asi, apho yayikhona ezintandathu ezidlulileyo. amanzi ethenda kuba ikhuseleke kwaye evuthelweyo ngakumbi imilo, nto leyo ephucula imbonakalo injini kunye uloliwe yonke. Kwaye ngo-1937 isityalo ngokunqakraza kwi kwimveliso elikhulu-isikali, ivelise 105 zikaloliwe. Ngaphezu koko, amaqhosha 174, wakhululwa ngowe-1940, phambi kokuba imfazwe yaqala ngo-1941, iye 81 kaloliwe. Last injini yale ngcelele sagqitywa ukwakhiwa ngo-Ulan-Ude ngo-1942. Iyonke zikaloliwe "iosif Stalin" yakhululwa iiyunithi 649.

imodeli yokuhlola

Ngowe-1937, i-injini wadalwa njengoko umfuniselo 20 16. Le modeli leyo faired. khangela kwakho kaloliwe yaye bayavumelana nabantu ababuza kutheni, ukwenza ezi matshini ezintsonkothileyo emva ngowe-1937, ngoku ke ilizwe ethenga ukufana kwabo phesheya? Ngakumbi kuba ngowe-1930, kuloo msele umoya baye baqhuba iimvavanyo olunzulu injini kwi izindlu ukuba lusebenze. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kubulelwe amandla ifomu unokoyisa 200-250 HP, ndakumandisa isantya. Lo kaloliwe yale fomu nge amavili disc akwazi oko ku 160 km / h, ngelo xesha kwakukho irekhodi epheleleyo. Ngokwangaphandle, waba kunene, ubuhle kakhulu.

iingcibi Soviet

Ndlwana osekupheleni kwe kaloliwe ngomphunga. Ithenda yena a ezine bogies ezimbini. IC kaloliwe yafakwa kunye Westinghouse wayaphula. Kusenokwenzeka kongezelelwa ukuba kwibhoyila yaba firebox ebanzi, eliphezu isakhelo yaye American-style groove Isilingi kwigumbi yokutsha. Ingcinga ngokungummangaliso Soviet zobugcisa yaba injini Steam 20 16 iinkcukacha zabo babefezekile kangangokuba akazange ne iindlela. Uloliwe, ikhokelwa ngu-injini, ekubhekiswe kuyo eSoviet amaxesha zekhuriya. ezineenkcukacha, bawazisa ngabo abanezakhono, zifumaneka ngokubanzi.

ezinye data

Umntu uqaphele kuphela ukuba kaloliwe "iosif Stalin" waba nemigca enqamleze ezisixhenxe. Kwezi, zine babeqhuba. PD evela injini, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, wayebalasele ngefomula wheel. ubunzima balo babulingana kwiitoni ezingama-133, ubunzima nokuhlangana 88 m, avareji Isantya - 100-115 km / h. Ezi zikaloliwe ezisebenza kunye esibaselwe umphunga nomatshini cylinder-ezimbini ezilula.

Ikratshi engineering - IS kaloliwe - eboniswe izitampu ezintathu eSoviet. A eSoviet ifilimu ethandwayo wakhululwa emva kwemfazwe ( "Lo loliwe esiya ngasempumalanga"), le kaloliwe nto ngundaba-mlonyeni.