Eyona eziphambili ze psychology uvavanyo

Kukho iinjongo eziliqela ezingundoqo apho imfuneko na inzululwazi efana bengqondo. Ngayo, unako ukufunda ukwazi wena, abanye, nokulawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Olu lwazi, njengaye nawuphi na omnye, wafundisa indoda ngokohlobo theory and practice. Le yokugqibela iqulethe iindidi ezininzi ulingelo bengqondo, apho ukwazi ukwenza ucalu-calulo olupheleleyo imo ngamnye kwindawo ethile.

Amagqabantshintshi ngeentlobo wokulinga

Zeziphi iintlobo ulingelo bengqondo? Phantsi le ngcamango ithetha ixesha elide yokufunda bezinto omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, umphumo ube kakhulu engalindelekanga.

Ngokomzekelo, xa sezibalo iqala ukusombulula ingxaki, uyazi kakuhle into abangamphendula yona ukufumana ixabiso. Wemithi uyazi, uya kuba yintoni na isisombululo ukuba baya kuzama izakhi eziliqela. Yamachiza na onokumxelela kwangaphambili isiphumo nasiphi na isiganeko, kwenzeka ntoni macala.

Nale meko nenzululwazi elinikelayo wahlukile kancinci. Kukho iintlobo ezisisiseko ulingelo bengqondo. kwesifundo ngasinye isenokuba yeyona engalindelekanga.

Le lokulinga kususelwe kwiimeko zaselebhu

Kukho ezintathu uhlobo nokungundoqo ulingelo bengqondo: elebhu, zendalo kunye okwakhayo. Eyokuqala ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ukwenza olu vavanyo iimeko ezithile kwindawo encinci ngolo hlobo. Umzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kwi-ofisi iqela elincinane labantu uze ubacele ukuba ukwenza intshukumo ethile eziphathekayo.

Ngenxa kweseshoni kunokuzisa kuqinisekisa impendulo yomntu ukuya intshukumo ethile, ukufana nokwahluka abalinganiswa ngabantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu, izinga indlela nganye kwezi kunye nezinye iimpawu ezininzi ngamnye.

iimpawu ezilungileyo nezingalunganga

Ngaba kucaca kulingo ngasinye ukuba eluncedo nengeloncedo kwengqondo. iziphumo ezichanekileyo afunyanwa phantsi kweemeko elebhu. Zonke workshops ingaphinda-phindwa amaxesha amaninzi xa kuyimfuneko. Emva kwexesha elithile baya kuphindwa kwixesha elizayo, ukuze sele kusengaphambili. Kwakhona, le ndlela iya baye kuyo nayiphi na emfihlekweni, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba isifundo ziya kuba uyazi ihambo yakhe.

Kukho ethile ebalulekileyo - iziphumo zinokwahluka kakhulu abo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngokoqobo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, le ndlela elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba nasihlahla.

imizekelo yezifundo

Kukho lo mzekelo uqhelekileyo uhlobo laboratory ulingelo kwingcingane pedagogy. Iqela labantu izalele a studio pre-enazo wasihlalisa naye ngendlela yokuba ngamnye kubo kwiimeko ezifanayo. Okulandelayo, vula i-TV, ezibonisa imifanekiso kunye neenkcukacha into ethile. Umntu ngamnye kufuneka ndiyaqonda oko ngazo, kwaye ukuqikelela igama isifundo, nguwuphi na kubo. Ngoncedo lwe isifundo olunjalo ukufumanisa izinga indlela acinga nxaxheba ngamnye.

Kuba iindlela yemigaqo kwakhona ingabalelwa imisebenzi indima-idlala enkulisa. Ukudala iimeko ezithile kunye nendima ethile inikwa nxaxheba ngamnye. Kuba nokwenzeka ukuba ukujonga obaphatha ngayo umntwana ngamnye.

Umzekelo elula - kukudala umntu kwiimeko ezithile (ukuba ukuqala endaweni engaqhelekanga) kunye nohlalutyo impendulo yayo kubo.

Le lokulinga kwenzeka vivo

E ngakumbi iingcali mihla bakhetha indlela endalo bengqondo. I-eksperimenti neentlobo zayo inemisebenzi eziliqela.

• Izifundo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa ukuba wonke.
• Ubuntu, apho kunjani, akanyanzelekanga ukuba ukwazi malunga nokuziphatha kwakhe. Kunokuba nayiphi ngabantu abadlulayo.
• Indlela kusenokuba kufika ngokupheleleyo nangaliphi na ixesha.

Uphononongo in vivo ngaphezu kufutshane Enyanisweni, ngenxa yesi sizathu isetyenziswa kaninzi in bengqondo.

iimpawu ezilungileyo nezingalunganga

Xa iyonke kukho iingenelo ezininzi eziphambili olu hlobo ulingelo bengqondo. Okokuqala - oko lula ukuwaphatha. Akukho mfuneko ukudala iimeko ezizodwa khangela ukuba umntu othile.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa indlela elebhu, apha experimenter akakwazi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo le meko. Kwakhona, musa ukufumana ithuba ukuphinda esinye isifundo efanayo, nto leyo eya kudibana efanayo zonke iparameters. Uhlaziyo in vivo sinzima, akudli ngokuba oko kunokukhokelela yoko ethile, kodwa, oko, oko umdla.

imizekelo yezifundo

Njengendlela yendalo ungasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo nasiphi na isakhiwo yokusebenza: shop, isibhedlele, lokulungisa iinwele, njalo njalo Ungachaza abasebenzi ezininzi ukumelana noxanduva ezifanayo, ixesha elingakanani ukuba isigqibo umsebenzi othile kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana abathengi. Ngu ngenxa yendlela ebabeziphathe ngayo, ungenza umfanekiso opheleleyo umntu.

eksperimenti formative

Ndiyila ndlela - olu hlobo kuphela ulingelo psychology, isiphumo apho linakho ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili. Ukwenza olu vavanyo kufuneka ukucofa iqela elincinane labantu kunye kwangaphambili ukunika nxaxheba ngamnye umsebenzi ethile inkqubo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ukuphunyezwa kwayo.

Le experimenter wokulinga ukuqikelela leliphi inyathelo eliza kwenza umntu ngamnye, uze ubone enoba kwinkolelo yakhe bayagwetyelwa ngaye. Eso uphando ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa ngalo naliphi na iqela ubudala labantu abaneminyaka-5 ukuya ku-70.

iimpawu ezilungileyo nezingalunganga

Xa iyonke kukho izinto ezininzi ezilungileyo nezingalunganga indlela enjalo. Ngokusisiseko, lisetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba zonke ezi zakhono Kamva tirhisiwaka ha practice. Ukuqhuba isifundo akunyanzelekanga ukuba aqokelele inani elikhulu iinjongo, abantu ababini okanye abathathu kuphela.

Le experiment umdla ngokwaneleyo, njengoko kungaba waphinda izihlandlo eziliqela, kwaye umphumo ukufumana iintlobo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Kukho enye ethile. Akanakuba kakuhle, ngenxa yokuba omnye nxaxheba nga slukavit.

imizekelo yezifundo

Kwengqondo ziye Kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba ukuphumeza formative ulingelo kwiqela phakathi enkulisa, apho udidi ubudala izinto uvela kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya 5.5. Kubo, badlala indawo encinane. Abalinganiswa abaphambili yentetho yakhe amazwi ezahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa ngcembe yaye nokwandisa umthamo.

Injongo yophando - ukufumanisa indlela kakuhle umntwana ngamnye uyakwazi ukubona amagama athile. Ngale ndlela kusenokwenzeka ukuba nesifo ngokwasengqondweni kwibakala lokuqala lophuhliso.

Amanqanaba kwatisa nokuhlola

Ukuze ukwazi njani umntu aziphathe kwimeko elinikiweyo, oko kuyimfuneko ukubamba eksperimenti okhethekileyo. Iintlobo kunye iimpawu kwingcingane izifundo ezinjalo ngokuphawulekayo enye kwenye. Elabhoratri, ukudalwa kunye indlela zendalo, kukho Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezininzi ezingqondweni ngamnye.

• ukufunda obala. Xa nendoda ngokulalwa yiyo, apho olu lingelo ziya kuqhutywa, benikezela ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkcukacha zayo. Uya kwazi kanye njengoko kwengqondo, ngubani na oya kubeka esweni imeko.
• Xa isifundo efihlakeleyo, phezu koko, le into akazi nto malunga oko aya kukwenza.
• Kukho kwakhona uphando eliphakathi apho into egxile ngokuyinxenye zibe iinkcukacha.

Eyona zinjalo na ulwazi ifihlakeleyo kuye umntu akakwazi nayo nayiphi na impembelelo kwiziphumo.

Linga tank zodwa

umdla kakhulu, ukonwabisa kunye isebenziseka uhlobo ngalunye ulingelo bengqondo. Ngokufutshane chaza ngamnye kubo phantse akunakwenzeka. Umzekelo, kukho kakhulu zithandwa indlela wezengqondo usebenzisa gumbi nasekusweleni oluvo, nto leyo ukuthetha ngonaphakade.

Okokuqala ngqa, esi sifundo ngo-1950 babesebenzisa Dzhon Lilli. Wadala iimeko ezithile apho ingadibani ngokupheleleyo kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle woMntu. Kwi umntu, apho olu lingelo kuliwa, ukunxiba imaski ekhethekileyo luluqilima head, ngaphandle apho kwafika ingxolo phantse imperceptible. Weprakthishina yesikolo lonyango ngenxa experimenti bakhe nako uku bana phandle ukuba imbono okwenzekayo ngokupheleleyo awuyitshintshanga le into. Ngokomzekelo, xa uzama ukufumanisa uhlobo into kwi touch yena aphazamiseka, ongakhathaliyo, yaye wada wabonakala ixhala.

Zonke ezi meko ukuba akuzukuba amandla, akukho namnye kubo wakwazi ukuhlala egumbini iintsuku ezigqithileyo kwisithathu. Kukho izinto ezintle yomzamo: umntu uqalisa ukwazi ngokwayo ngcono, khululeka ngokupheleleyo nokuphucula kude kakhulu impilo yabo.

Psychology okwangoku ubaluleke kakhulu wonke umntu. Ngenxa kule inzululwazi elikhethekileyo umntu ukuqonda ngcono yena into ayifunayo ebomini, indlela izinto kwimeko ethile; ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye neqabane, ukusombulula imbambano, kananjalo ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Amalinge kule ndawo iya kunceda ukuphumeza nemiphumo emihle.