Ima uqalile, kwinkulungwane yama-20 wayesele ekubonile inzululwazi oselula ezifana amandla bengqondo. Eyona ndlela iphambili ngengqondo ezazikho ngelo xesha, abazange bakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ezithe zavela kwimeko iimeko yezembali kunye nezenkcubeko banamhlanje. Yaba ngeli thuba inzululwazi wasinda ntlekele wokuqala kwimbali yayo, nto leyo iye yahlanganiswa ngokuyintloko ukusilela imigaqo theoretical component eziveliswe sisikolo introspective, ukuze achaze imeko yokwenene yemicimbi eluntwini.
Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni engundoqo kolwalathiso kwingcingane kwenkulungwane yama-20 zahlukile nkqu zabo izifundo yokufunda, kunye nezikolo ezahlukeneyo sisajongisisa kumacala ahlukeneyo inyani ephathekayo. Ngokukodwa, Wundt, ummeli structuralism, uzibekele usukelo apho ukuhlola amava ngqo kunye neziseko zayo, functionalists musa ukunikela ingqalelo, ugxininise uhlahlelo umsebenzi kwezi zakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, wathi imiyalelo eziphambili bengqondo Western ezingafaniyo indlela yabo inkcazelo yamava kwabantu; le structuralists bakuchaza nje "nomxokelelwane lweziqalelo", kunye functionalists - njenge "njengomlambo lokuqonda", nto leyo ifundwe kuphela ngokupheleleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuya kuba ngabameli indlela functionalist yaba ngokwayo xa befundisa.
Kwakhona, indlela esisiseko kwingcingane kwinkulungwane yama-20 ziquka Reflexology, awathi kakhulu zizazinzulu Russian, umzekelo, Pavlov kunye Bekhterev. Baye sasingumba izivamvo zokufunda kunye iminqweno ezifunyanwa ngabantu. Pavlov, ingakumbi, eyaqamba ibinzana elithi "impendulo conditioner"; imbonakalo yawo kuchazwe. Ezinye iindawo eziphambili bengqondo, mhlawumbi, ukuba akunjalo ngokusondeleyo eziphilayo yaye ngenxa yayo yonke kakhulu.
Behaviorists, ekhokelwa Watson bakholwa umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukuqonda zonke iimfihlelo yokuziphatha eziphilileyo. Ke ukuba ezinye iindawo eziphambili bengqondo ubunzima ethile ukujongwa, amalungu kolu luvo ufuna ukucacisa yonke puzzle ukuziphatha eziphilileyo zimeko yinjongo enokuthi zinxulunyaniswa kukhubazeko kokusingqongileyo. Zisetyenziswa ubukhulu becala ngenxa amalinge zabo, amabuzi ezimhlophe, kuba ingqondo psyche zokuziphatha - lo, ngoko ke umahluko phakathi kwezi zilwanyana kunye nabantu ayinamsebenzi. Eyona mpumelelo iphambili yale sikolo owabangela ukuba lixhobise abantu ngezakhono ngamava abuhlungu.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, omnye ingqiqo bengqondo, owaphuma ngeli xesha Freudianism. Freud swi kumanyathelo, iinjongo, abantu abakwazi ukuchaza. Ngoko ke weza ingcamango "abazi nto" yaye ubomi bakhe isifundo yayo. Wayekholelwa ukuba isizathu iintshukumo abazi kungabonwa ngamaphupha ukufunda, izabelo random kunye neentshukumo ngokuzenzekelayo. Freud wayekholelwa ukuba lonke uphuhliso lobuqu kungancitshiswa ukuya nethuku ezimbini: inkanuko yesini kunye zokoyika ukufa. Ukuhlala koluntu, siya abayithintelayo la mandla, ngoko ke unyanzelwe ukuba kobukumkani zingqondweni, kodwa maxa wambi zizenza ngayo.