Compostela-Volyn ubulawuli: indawo. Formation of Compostela-Volyn ubulawuli

To ngokwenene kakuhle kakuhle kwimbali, kufuneka amele ngengqondo umdla ixesha, umoya ngexesha layo kunye nabalinganiswa abaphambili. Namhlanje siza kuthatha uhambo kancinane laseRashiya aphakathi ezweni elihle Compostela kunye Volyn.

Yintoni na, Russia kwiinkulungwane 12-13?

Kwindawo yokuqala - yahlulwe ithi amancinci, ngalinye elihlala ngemithetho yaso yaye umlawuli walo (prince). Le nto ibizwa ngokuba ukuqhekezwa feudal ka Rus. ulawulo ngalinye labantu ukuthetha nesi elithile ulwimi Russian, leyo ixhomekeke Indawo esikuyo ntsimi.

Enye ifowuni umdla umphakathi wobukhosi yaseRashiya. Ababhali-mbali ukuchonga iiklasi ezimbini - ziingcungcu olawulayo, eyakhiwa iingangamsha (izinduna anempembelelo), kwaye udidi abalimi zixhomekeke. Last thile ngaso njalo ngaphandle okuninzi.

Kwizixeko ezikhulu, likhaya kwenye iklasi - seengcibi. Aba bantu babe zakwazi ukuyila izinto ngokwenene. Enkosi kubo, wabonakala Gzhel ukupeyinta kunye neenkuni nangokukrola, wayengaziwa kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. Kumagama ambalwa, sathetha ngalo laseRashiya kumaxesha, kuya kuqhubeka ukuba lelawo imbali Compostela-Volyn ukubusa.

Umhlaba besive ubulawuli

Urhulumente entsha, naphuhliso olo olwaye wawuqala i-Grand Prince Roman Mstislavovich yayiquka kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Yintoni le mimandla? Isakhiwo kwabunjwa yi-Galician, Volyn, Lutsk, Polissya, Kholmsk of Zvenigorod kunye nomhlaba Terebovlya. Kwakhona yinxalenye yommandla namhlanje Moldova, Transcarpathia, iziketi Podlasie.

Kanye puzzle ezahlukeneyo, ezi ilizwe ngamafuphi Obumbe Compostela-Volyn ubulawuli (indawo ngokwezelizwe kunye namazwe angabamelwane kurhulumente oselula ziza kuchazwa kwisahluko esilandelayo).

Indawo Duchy

Emzantsi-ntshona eRashiya kukho Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. Indawo esikuyo lombutho omtsha ngokucacileyo inzuzo. Luhlanganisa imiba emithathu:

• Kungenxa embindini ka-Europe;
• sezulu ukhululekile;
• umhlaba otyebileyo, asoloko isivuno esihle.

Indawo lula kwakuthetha kunye nabamelwane ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa ke loo nto bonke bephela ababenobuhlobo kurhulumente abatsha.

Empumalanga, lo eyenzelwe abantu abatsha umda elide Kiev ne Turov-Pinsk ukubusa. Relations phakathi kwezizwe wobuzalwana babenobuhlobo. Kodwa namazwe entshonalanga, nasentla akukho ngokukodwa oluhlakaziweyo urhulumente abaselula. Poland and Lithuania bebesoloko wayefuna ukulawula Compostela kunye Volyn, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ziphunyezwe ngenkulungwane ye-14.

Xa ezantsi kwicala karhulumente kwi ecaleni kunye Golden mkhosi. Relations kummelwane wayo esemazantsi soloko nzima. Oku kungenxa umahluko omkhulu kwizinto zenkcubeko kwaye ubukho imimandla ingxabano.

Background Brief Historical

SeLizwe Wesuka ngo 1199, xa intlanganisela yeemeko ezimbini. Eyokuqala yaba ubhalo - ukufumana iindawo emibini efanayo ngokwenkcubeko (Compostela kunye Volyn) kunye namazwe abanabuhlobo angabamelwane (The Kingdom of Poland kunye zolotaya Orda). Okwesibini - ukuvela isafobe olomeleleyo yezopolitiko - Prince Roman Mstislavovich. Umlawuli osisilumko wayesazi kakuhle ukuba ngakumbi urhulumente, kube lula ukuba axhathise utshaba eqhelekileyo, Bewacima ngokwenkcubeko iintlanga bahlalisane zikarhulumente efanayo. iingcinga zakhe nomvuzo, yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-12, imfundo entsha.

Ngubani na ozithukululeyo isimo oselula? Abahlala anayo Golden baba nako ukuyishukumisa i Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. Development yombuso yaphela ngenkulungwane ye-14 emva kwexesha.

ababusi ohlakaniphileyo

Kwiminyaka engama-200 zempilo zikarhulumente watyelela abantu ezahlukeneyo ngamandla. abalawuli Wise - a oyinto ngokwenene Compostela kunye Volyn. Ngoko ke, ngubani sikwazile ukuzisa uzolile yaye uxolo kule ndawo ukuzeka kade umsindo? Ngoobani aba bantu?

• Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl - ezihlangwini Roman Mstislavovich, kuqala weza intsimi umbuzo. Ndakwazi izakhe ngempumelelo emlonyeni weDanube.
• Roman Mstislavovich - combiner Compostela kunye Volyn.
• Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - nyana lweenkobe Roman Mstislavovich. Kwakhona zibuthelwe ndawonye ilizwe Compostela-Volyn ukubusa.

abalawuli elandelayo ubulawuli baba ngaphantsi strong unothanda. Ngowe-1392, oko yaphela Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. Abathetheli babengakwazi ukuxhathisa iintshaba yangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, yaba Volyn Lithuania, Compostela waya Poland and Red Rus - Hungary.

Abantu ezithile ndadala Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. Abathetheli, ogama impumelelo zichazwe kwesi sahluko, negalelo ukuchuma zoloyiso kurhulumente abatsha emzantsi-ntshona eRashiya.

Relations kunye nabamelwane kunye namazwe angaphandle

amazwe engqongwe ngabantu Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. I indawo okuyo karhulumente oselula wathi iingxabano nabamelwane. kakhulu ixhomekeke ixesha elithile nembali kunye nomlawuli Uhlobo nkqubo angaphandle,: kwakukho ukoyisa eqaqambileyo, kwakhona ixesha intsebenziswano ngenkani kunye neRoma. Last kuqaliswe ukukhusela ngokuchasene nezibonda.

ukoyisa waseRoma Mstislavovich kunye UDanilo Galitsky wenza urhulumente oselula omnye yomeleleyo eMpuma Yurophu. Prince wachitha combiner nkqubo osisilumko angaphandle ukuya Lithuania, uBukumkani iPoland Hungary. Wakwazi ekusasazeni impembelelo Kyïv Rus ngo-1202-1203 gg. Ngenxa yoko, abantu Kiev babe nto sisele ukwamkela umlawuli omtsha.

Akukho kangako umdla kunye bevuyelela yezopolitiko Danily Galitskogo. Xa ndandisengumntwana, ngomhla kummandla Volyn kunye Compostela chaos. Kodwa njengoko umntu omdala, indlalifa abaselula oku kulandelayo ekhondweni likayise. Xa UDanilo Romanovich lavela Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. Prince landiswa kakhulu kumhlaba karhulumente wakhe; ehlonyelwe ummelwane lwasempuma inxalenye Poland (kubandakanywa - Lublin).

banenkcubeko eyahluke

Imbali engakhethi buso, ibonisa ukuba urhulumente ngamnye anempembelelo kudala inkcubeko yayo ngokwenene. Kungenxa yena nabantu ukuwabona.

iimpawu lenkcubeko Compostela-Volyn ubulawuli zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Siza kujonga sokuyilwa lweedolophu ephakathi.

iicawa Stone kunye iinqaba ziimpawu Compostela-Volyn ubulawuli (Novgorod umhlaba waye esisityebi kwi izakhiwo efanayo). Xa 12-13 Kwiinkulungwane th, isikolo eyodwa lwezakhiwo emazweni Compostela kunye Volyn. Yena ithathe izithethe zombini abaculi Western yaseYurophu kunye nobugcisa yesikolo Kiev. iingcibi Local ndadala yobuciko zokwakha ezifana kwingcinga Cathedral Vladimir-Volyn kunye itempile iSt Panteleimon e galich.

Ngonaphakade wangena imbali karhulumente umdla engasezantsi Russia - Compostela-Volyn ubulawuli (indawo okuyo thina sele awuyazi). A uhlobo imbali kunye nendalo entle ebesoloko eyamtsalela abalandeli ukuba ukuvavanya ihlabathi.