Eyona tsunami inkulu kule minyaka ili-10 ehlabathini

Tsunami - into emangalisa zendalo ezikhokhelela evela mlilo okanye nezinyikimo zomhlaba kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni. Ku va iliza omkhulu, eziquka elunxwemeni kwiikhilomitha ezininzi ngaphakathi. Igama elithi "tsunami" na imvelaphi Japanese, oko ngokoqobo kuvakala ngathi "ngumtshangatshangiso enkulu Gulf." Kuyinto Japan usoloko unale kusehla intlekele, kuba kwindawo the Pacific "Ring of Fire" - kunazo iibhanti wenyikima yomhlaba.

oonobangela

Eyona tsunami ukhandwa i "behlunguzela" iitoni billion column amanzi. Kanye izangqa ukusuka ilitye baphoswa emanzini, amaza Abachithachithe kumacala ahlukeneyo ngesantya omalunga 800 km ngeyure, ukuba ukufikelela elunxwemeni kunye ngaphakathi phezu kwakhe isikhondo omkhulu, batshabalalisa yonke into esendleleni yayo. Kwaye kaninzi abantu ubanjwe phezulu kummandla itsunami ke inyathelo, kukho imizuzu embalwa ukuba ushiye indawo eyingozi. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ixesha kubaluleke kakhulu lokulumkisa abahlali malunga sisongelo, zingawucongi kungekho ndlela kuyo.

Eyona tsunami inkulu kule minyaka ili-10

Intlekele kwelo Indian Ocean ngo-2004. ukunyikima zangaphantsi ziwe 9.1 kuye kwabangela ukuvela kwamaza ezinkulu ukuya kwi-98 m. Xa kwemizuzu embalwa aya kugaleleka kunxweme Indonesia. Zonke kwindawo yentlekele aba amazwe-14, kuquka Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Bangladesh.

Yaba eyona tsunami inkulu kwimbali inani lamaxhoba sele ifikelele amawaka 230. kwimimandla yonxweme enabantu abaninzi abazange izixhobo kunye nenkqubo isilumkiso ngengozi, apho unobangela abaninzi kangaka
kwabafileyo. Ke amaxhoba nako phezulu kakhulu ukuba kwizithethe yomlomo abantu ngabanye kula mazwe ukuba ezigcinwe ulwazi malunga tsunami kumaxesha amandulo. Ke ezinye iintsapho baxelelwa ukuba bahambe indawo eyingozi ngenxa yoonyana, owafunda malunga amaza elikhulu lokufundela. Kwaye kokurhoxa elwandle, ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ekwimo itsunami ezibulalayo, kwaba uphawu ukubaleka phezulu ethambekeni. Oku kwaqinisekisa imfuneko ukuze kuqeqeshwe abantu indlela baziphathe kaxakeka.

Eyona tsunami inkulu Japan

Entwasahlobo ka-2011 kwi- siqithi yaseJapan wawa ingxaki. Matshi 11 kufuphi nonxweme lizwe kwabakho inyikima we 9.0, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela amaza ukuya ku-33 kwezinye iingxelo iimitha waphawula amanye amanani -. Crests amanzi zafikelela 40-50 m.

Nangona yokuba phantse lonke unxweme isixeko Japan kufuneka ifikile udonga lokuzikhusela tsunami, ummandla yinyikima ayizange ukunceda. Inani kwabafileyo ngumoya elwandle kwaye ayikho abantu abangaphezu kwama-25 amawaka. Abantu kwilizwe liphela ngomdla begqolozele uluhlu amaxhoba inyikima itsunami, besoyika ukuba ufumane kuzo babo ababathandayo.

125.000 izakhiwo ezonakeleyo iziseko zothutho ziye kutshatyalaliswa. Kodwa kwenzeka kakhulu eyingozi ingozi kwi-mveliso wenyukliya Fukushima I. Ndiphantse kwakhokelela ntlekele enyukliya ngomlinganiselo wonke, ngakumbi ke kuba ungcoliseko olubachaphazela-Pacific Ocean. Ukungabikho ngozi athunyelwa nje kuphela imikhosi Japanese ngoosonjineli amandla, abasebenzi zokuhlangula nemikhosi self-yokuzikhusela. Amagunya zenyukliya enkulu ehlabathini kunye wathumela iingcali zalo ukuncedisa awayihlangula yentlekele yendalo. Kwaye nangona imeko yangoku kwisityalo samandla senyukliya yazinza, izazinzulu awuyiqondi nemithelela yayo.

inkonzo isilumkiso itsunami aziswe ingozi zeHawaii Islands, kwiiPhilippines kunye neminye imimandla, leyo balele kummandla womngcipheko wePhondo. Kodwa yona, sele ifikelele unxweme okuncitshiswe kakhulu wave ukuphakama kuyimitha ezintathu.

Ngoko ke, eyona tsunami inkulu kule minyaka ili-10 kwelo Indian Ocean kunye Japan.

ziintlekele kweshumi

Indonesia kunye Japan phakathi kwamazwe apho amaza etshabalalisayo rhoqo ngokwaneleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngoJulayi 2006 Java tsunami kwakhona, njengoko ngenxa basafunda okubuhlungu kwamanzi. Amaza ukufikelela laliziimitha 7-8, ndikhwele ecaleni konxweme, yokufakwa nkqu ezo ndawo ngokungummangaliso hayi bonzakele esiyingozi 2004 tsunami. Abahlali kunye ziindwendwe kwiindawo kuyabuya ngendlela eyoyikekayo namandla phambi amandla endalo. Zonke ngexesha le ntlekele okuxhomis babulawa okanye ayikho abantu 668, yaye abangaphezu kwe-9000 wafuna uncedo lonyango.

Ngo-2009, itsunami enkulu kwenzeka Samoa leziqithi, apho phantse imitha-15 wave baluwela ziqithi, batshabalalisa yonke into esendleleni yayo. Inani lamaxhoba yaba kubantu 189, uninzi lwabo nabantwana, kunxweme. Kodwa ke umsebenzi lwentsebenziswano ye-Tsunami Isilumkiso Centre kwi-Pacific wavumela ukuphepha iindleko ezingakumbi yabantu, evumela ukuba baphume abantu kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Eyona tsunami inkulu kule minyaka ili-10 ziye zenzeka kwi-Pacific and Indian Ocean kufuphi nonxweme Eurasia. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba iintlekele ezinjalo Soze yenzeke kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba.

Eyona tsunami etshabalalisayo kwimbali yoluntu

imemori Human uye wagcina ulwazi malunga amaza isigebenga iqatshelwe kumaxesha amandulo. Ngokobudala iinkxalabo ngokukhankanywa tsunami eyenzeka ngokunxulumene kukujaduka mlilo kwi-Big Island of Santorini. Esi siganeko lisukela emva 1410 BC.

Yaba eyona tsunami inkulu ehlabathini yamhlamnene. I-dubulo waphakamisa esibhakabhakeni ezininzi siqithi, esishiya kuzaliswa kwaoko isitya ngamanzi ulwandle endaweni yayo. Ukusuka kungquzulwano kunye Udaka ebomvu-ashushu, ubilise amanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye komphunga, nokuqinisa inyikima. amanzi Mediterranean wazimisa, ukudala amaza amakhulu liwubethileyo unxweme yonke. izinto baza bathabatha ubomi 100,000, nto leyo inani elikhulu kunene, nkqu ngoku, hayi ukuba kumaxesha amandulo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, lo ngowona ukujaduka kwaye sele kwenzekile ngenxa itsunami kukhokelele yokuduka i Minoan inkcubeko saseKrete, - omnye ephucuke kunazo zonke yamandulo emhlabeni.

Ngowe-1755, Lisbon lwaphela phantse ngokupheleleyo yinyikima eyoyikekayo, umlilo kwayo, kunye nencum eyoyikekayo enzonzobila phezu isixeko koko. abantu 60,000 babulawa yaye ababuleweyo baba baninzi. Oomatiloshe evela iinqanawa ezabe kwizibuko eLisbon emva kwengozi, abawazanga loo emaphandleni ajikelezileyo. Le ntlekele ke sesinye sezizathu ngokulahleka kwesihloko Portuguese amandla amakhulu aselwandle.

30 amawaka abantu bafa tsunami 1707 eJapan. Ngowe-1782, intlekele kuMzantsi China Sea, kwabulawa abantu amawaka 40. Mlilo of Krakatoa (1883) yabangela tsunami, oludityaniswe kunye ngokufa kwabantu 36 500. Ngowe-1868, inani lamaxhoba amaza enkulu Chile yaba ngaphezu kwama-25 amawaka. 1896 kwaphawulwa itsunami entsha eJapan, apho yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-26.000.

Alaska tsunami

Iliza amazing wasekwa ngo-1958 kwi-Gulf of Lituya Bay e Alaska. ingcambu Unobangela bembonakalo yayo kwabakho inyikima. Kodwa uya kongeza kwezinye iimeko. Ngenxa ngenxa yenyikima ukusuka kwamaxandeka zeentaba ukuya emdeni Gulf kwafika ukudilika omkhulu lumalunga 300 million cubic metres. m ngamatye ngumkhenkce. Yonke le nto Wawela waya amanzi Gulf, ebangela ekumiseni Iliza elikhulu ufikelela umphakamo 524 m! Scientist Miller wathi phambi oku kwabakho eyona tsunami inkulu ehlabathini.

Kwi ibhanki malunga ngesibetho wambetha ngamandla kangangokuba kumathambeka zaye sachithwa ngokupheleleyo bonke utyani Nentabalala yamatye evakalala, Ukuveza nesisekelo. iinqanawa ezithathu ezibanjiswe Gulf kwi mzuzu kakubi-lombutho, waba neembila zithutha ngenye indlela. Omnye wabo betshona, ungqubano yesibini, kodwa iqela wakwazi ukubaleka. Inqanawa wesithathu, kanye phezu Crest, ibe sengozini, wachukumiseka ngayo qhina, yahlukanisa bay, nindijulele elwandle. Yaba ngummangaliso, oomatrose akuyi kutshabalala. Ke bakhumbula ngayo ebudeni ngenkani "moya" ezantsi enqanaweni wabona kwiincopho zemithi ehlumayo wamtshicela.

Ngethamsanqa, emdeni Gulf Lituya Bay phantse ibhungane, ngoko oku nenqwaba ayibangelwa umonakalo omkhulu. Eyona tsunami inkulu eyakhe kwakungekho amaxhoba ngaphezu kwabantu. Kukholelwa ukuba kwabulawa abantu-2 kuphela.

Tsunami kwi Russian East Far

Kwilizwe lethu izowuni itsunami iquka Pacific unxweme eKamchatka kunye Kuril Islands. Kwakhona kulala kwindawo seismically ingazinzi, apho rhoqo apho umonakalo iinyikima zomhlaba, kunye mlilo.

Eyona tsunami inkulu abhalwe eRashiya ngowe-1952. Amaza ukufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 8-10, wabetha Kuril Islands kunye ena. Inani labemi ubengayilungiselelanga ekutshintsheni iziganeko emva kwenyikima. Abo emva kokupheliswa iingcangcazela babuyela abasindileyo bendlu, uninzi lwabo andinalo omnye. yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo Idolophu Severo-Kurilsk. Inani lamaxhoba kuqikelelwa abantu 2336, kodwa mhlawumbi abaninzi ngakumbi. Ezenzeke kwiintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba engama 35 ka-Oktobha Revolution, le ntlekele abathintela iminyaka, waya ngayo amarhe kuphela. Le dolophu elicandelo lingafuduswa lisiwe kwindawo ephakamileyo kwaye ikhuselekile.

Kuril ntlekele yaba isiseko mbutho inkonzo itsunami isilumkiso USSR.

izifundo zexesha elidluleyo

Eyona tsunami inkulu kule minyaka ili-10 aye abonisa ubu ubomi nayo yonke into yenziwa mntu, phambi kokuba izinto olulwayo lwadamba. Kodwa kokuba bavunyelwe ukuba baqonde imfuneko yokuququzelela iinzame kumazwe amaninzi ukuthintela imiphumo kakhulu emibi. Kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi bachatshazelwa tsunami, ekulungelelaniseni umsebenzi kuthintelo kwabemi ingozi kunye nemfuneko ngobungxamo.