Ezona mpawu ziphambili ulimi

ulimi luhlobo lwe ubukho nedialektnuyu (esezantsi) loMthetho yolwimi yesizwe, zibandakanya iimpawu ezithile. Ezi ziquka ifundwe, olumisiweyo, ukwamkela iyantlukwano zesimbo, multifunctionality, nodumo ophezulu ekuhlaleni, phakathi izithethi zayo.

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga imiqondiso ulwimi boncwadi, imisebenzi yayo, kwakunye ingqiqo ngokwayo, iimpawu zayo and definition.

Ulwimi uncwadi sesona sixhobo eliyintloko tiendlekela iimfuno zonxibelelwano zosasazo zasekuhlaleni. Yena ephikisana nezinye, ezisezantsi non-wabheka - iziyelelane, zomthonyama ezidolophini (ngamanye amazwi - ezidolophini nolwimi) kwiintetho kwezentlalo kunye nobungcali, ngokunjalo.

iindlela ezimbini yokumisa ingqiqo

ulwimi yoncwadi njengengqiqo unako kumiselwa iimpawu iilwimi ukuba ikhona kule esezantsi ulwimi kazwelonke, kwakunye ngenxa kwemida ye zizo zonke abantu abathwali le esezantsi, yahlukanisa kwi ubunzima elipheleleyo abathetha olu lwimi. Imvelaphi - indlela ukuzimisela kwiilwimi, ize eyesibini - lwezenhlalo.

ulwimi yoncwadi ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela V. Vinogradova

Ukususela ngokombono VV Vinogradov, ulwimi zoncwadi lulwimi apho kukho kubhaliweyo abantu abathile okanye ezimbalwa kubo. Oko kukuthi, oko kuquka ulwimi lodweliso mpawu yenkcubeko, ngokuya yabonisa ukubhala kuphela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ngomlomo, kwakunye uncwadi, ubuntatheli, inzululwazi, ukubhala kunye nonxibelelwano ngemihla, isikolo, igosa kunye namaxwebhu zoshishino. Ngoko ke ziyahluka ukwakheka kwalo ezifana ngomlomo-oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo-ncwadi.

amagama ezahlukeneyo eziphathelele kulo mba

Eli binzana ezinxulumene kwanemvelaphi ne gama ezifana "Iincwadi", kunye nokuqonda intsingiselo etymological ukuba sisekelwe phezu "unobumba", oko kukuthi le ncwadi. Ngako oko, kubhaliwe nolwimi olubhaliweyo. Eneneni, xa sicinga ulwimi kumaXesha Aphakathi, siza kuthetha kuphela ngolwimi iincwadi, izicatshulwa kunye nenjongo zoncwadi. Ezinye iimpawu zolwimi zoncwadi ezithathwe kule nkcazelo kunye eli gama, ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba ecacile neqondakalayo.

Sixhobo sekhombuya esinee ngomxholo amagama ezahlukahlukeneyo, enyanisweni, nje ngelinge baphume le nkinga ekuqiqeni olusesikweni: imiqondiso ingqiqo engeka mbasa ngenxa izinto ezikhoyo, yaye uzimisele ngabo. Iimpawu zolwimi loncwadi ziya kuqwalaselwa yi kuthi ngezantsi.

ulwimi yoncwadi njengomsebenzi le yesizwe

Kwezi iinkcazelo ezininzi ifanelekileyo ngayo bakuchaza njengomsebenzi kwemigaqo yolwimi yesizwe. Okt nokubhala - yinto uhlobo kuphela ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Russian, yaye hayi indlela eyahlukileyo ulwimi, elizimeleyo. Le ndlela esiqonda kuhambelana kwizithethe lwezenzululwazi, oko kumiselwa indlela Ngokwembali ekuhlalutyeni ulwimi zoncwadi. Ngelo xesha, le ukutyhilwa ucacisa ubukho kunye nophuhliso kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo "ukuthetha yeNkcubeko," njengoko ugwetyelwayo ubukho ulwimi yoncwadi njenge gama. Enyanisweni, le yokugqibela yiyo kuphela zempilo ulwimi kazwelonke (national), hayi intetho kuphela ngengqiqo nemxinwa ilizwi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iifomu zokuncokola ngakumbi andigweqe ngokuphuhlisa "zenkcubeko", ukukhethwa iintlobo zeelwimi nesakhiwo eziveziweyo zazo ulwimi, kunye nomxholo ephambili yale nkqubo yezembali.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili ulimi kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Ngoku makhe ndithi amagama ambalwa malunga nemisebenzi ngolwimi.

Multifunctionality ulwimi Russian

Ingcamango kunye neempawu zolwimi kuncwadi zivela imisebenzi yayo. Naluphi na ulwimi aphuhliswe ngokwaneleyo na iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili injongo yokusetyenziswa: ulwimi bahlala oluthethwayo kunye nolwimi olubhaliweyo. intetho okuxoxa nathi befunda ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo yesibini kwenzeka ngokuqhubekekayo ubomi kunye nophuhliso lwabantu, de ekwaluphaleni kwakhe.

ulwimi Russian namhlanje multi-functional, esetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Abakwazi umahluko neendlela ulwimi zoncwadi (igrama, isigama). ukusetyenziswa kolwimi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo zonxibelelwano. Ngolwimi zoncwadi (iimpawu zolwimi Russian zoncwadi, uya kufumana ngezantsi), kukho utshintsho ezisebenzayo eziphambili ezimbini: ncwadi kunye nokuthetha. Ngako oko, le ncwadi ume ngaphandle kunye nolwimi oluthethwayo. Kule ntetho, kukho iindlela ezintathu pronunciation: esezantsi, cala kwaye iphelele.

Eyona impahla, leyo ubonakalise ulwimi boncwadi - ukukwazi ukugcina umbhalo, eziphelela njengendlela yonxibelelwano phakathi kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo.

imisebenzi emininzi, ngokunjalo nemiqondiso, nemithetho yolwimi boncwadi, zibe ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni uluntu.

Indima ephambili kolwimi nokubhala

Phakathi kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo kuvandlakanywa ngolwimi kazwelonke (iziyelelane ezentlalo kunye zendawo, colloquialisms, kwiintetho), lulwimi umgangatho ebesoloko wadlala indima enkulu. Yena iquka indlela okuhle amagama ezinto nesigama, amazwi iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga. Kukho intsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwabo kunye nezinye neentlobo ulwimi, Indies. Ekudla ngokuba xa athe wabonakala kakhulu ngokucacileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi uncwadi isiseko inkcubeko yethu yokuthetha, kwakunye unohlobo kokusekwa yolwimi yesizwe. Oku lusetyenziswe nakwabeendaba, kwimfundo, uncwadi, kunye nenkcubeko. Inceda kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu: inzululwazi, ezopolitiko, unxibelelwano-ushishino olusemthethweni, umthetho, kumazwe ngamazwe, ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo, umabonwakude, yoshicilelo kunye nerediyo.

Iimpawu ze ulimi

Ukususela kwikota kanye siyayiqonda. Ngoku qaphela ezi mpawu ziphambili zolwimi ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Le uzinzo (okt uzinzo), isingatha (kuba lulwimi ukuba uye waphathwa yi iinkosi ezahlukeneyo mazwi: izazinzulu, iimbongi, ababhali, amanani karhulumente), umele bonke abantu izithethi zomthonyama, ubukho nezimbo ezithile ezisebenzayo, ngokunjalo ukuzinza. Nazi iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ulwimi boncwadi.

ukuzinza

Ukuzinza kahle indlela ethile yokuvakalisa into ayicingayo, ibonisa indlela ngokwembali ngqo ekuphuhlisweni ulwimi boncwadi. Olu phawu isekelwe kanye kwinkqubo ulwimi, balinqabisa imizekelo emihle imisebenzi yoncwadi. indlela nganye ezinga malungu abantu yokuthetha lukhetha yinxalenye abafundileyo yabemi. Njengokuba uluhlu lwemithetho ezithile ukusetyenziswa kwamagama, umthetho kuyimfuneko ukuba kulondolozwe ingqibelelo yolwimi yesizwe olusebenzisekayo, ukwenzela ukudlulisa ulwazi ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Ukuba azikho ngolwimi ukuba kwenzeka utshintsho ezinjalo, kubangela abahlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe lethu, abantu baza kuphinda ukuqonda omnye.

Nezibambo ifundwe

Imiqondiso ulwimi kuncwadi athatha kwanokubhalwa. Izibambo zivela ngenxa ukhetho, kwaye ekujoliswe, konke ukutyeba oko kuye. Ukulwa oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ulwimi yesizwe, ngenxa yokuba uphando olwenziwe nomphakathi, oosonzululwazi kunye zeelwimi.

Ifundwe kuthetha yobunzima kwezithethe zayo ezincwadini zesayensi. Libekwe phambi izichazi ezifanelekileyo igrama, kunye nezinye iincwadi, leyo eziqulathe imithetho indlela yokusebenzisa ulwimi.

Le miqondiso ulwimi boncwadi ke kubaluleke kakhulu.

neminye imiqondiso

A uphawu ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kuthetha ubukho nezimbo ezininzi ezisebenzayo.

ulwimi yoncwadi nalo eqhelekileyo yaye lubonakala ngokuba ukuxhaphaka amasiko ezifanelekileyo, nidle kunye namathuba nkqubo yeelwimi.

Siye kwakhona iimpawu eziphambili ulwimi Russian zoncwadi. Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu of inkcubeko yokuthetha ukhuseleko wayo, kwakunye nemithetho yayo, ngenxa yokuba ulwimi uncwadi esihlanganisa uhlanga lonke yinto. Indima ephambili ekudaleni isoloko bobabo kwinxalenye phambili yabemi.

kufuneka ibe yintoni ulwimi eqhelekileyo?

Ngokuqinisekileyo ulwimi boncwadi kufuneka iqondwe ngabo bonke, njengoko kufuneka bakwazi ukuqonda onke amalungu oluntu. Ke ngoko kufuneka ziphuhliswe ukuze abe nako ukukhonza amacandelo eziphambili zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Kubalulekile ukujonga intetho lungelelanisa, zegrama, kunye aktsentologicheskie nangokuvakalisa nezithethe zolwimi. Ngako oko ke mngeni iingcali zeelwimi, ke kuqwalaselwe nayiphi na entsha, ivela ngolwimi boncwadi, ngokwembono ukuthobela yayo kunye utyekelo jikelele kuphuhliso lolwimi, kwakunye nemiqathango nesemgangathweni.

Oluchanileyo kakhulu kwaye zichanekile ngayo, kunokuba kube ifikeleleke ngakumbi ekuqondeni sihle novakalelo, kokukhona umphumo kumfundi okanye kumphulaphuli. Leswaku va kakuhle kwaye ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka ulandele imithetho ethile ekuqiqeni (yobungqina, ulandelelwano), kwakunye nezithethe zolwimi boncwadi, umanyano isimbo, ukuthatha unonophelo euphony, ukunqanda uphinda-phindo.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale yokubiza ulwimi boncwadi Russian zaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe iziyelelane Central Russian, nefonetiki zabo. Namhlanje, phantsi koxinzelelo nganye ezinga malungu abantu, iziyelelane zoncwadi kutshatyalaliswa.