Flotators Industrial zokuhlanjululwa amanzi amdaka: iintlobo yesixhobo, isimiso ukusebenza

Namhlanje, imiba yokusingqongileyo ke etafileni intloko phantse yonke intlanganiso oorhulumente behlabathi. Yinto akukho mfihlelo okusingqongileyo iye yaba yicawa entsha kwinkulungwane yama-21. 2017 ibhengeze lo Unyaka ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo eRashiya, yaye ngoko ke imfundo esingqongileyo - omnye wemisebenzi kulo nyaka.

Kutheni kufuneka ukuba bazihlambulule amanzi?

Lestokhwe iyonke yeHlabathi Ocean, 3% kuphela - ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, apho 68% - kodwa umkhenkce (asihambelani ukusela), 30% - imithombo komhlaba (ngokufuthi ukusuka kumhlaba zingcoliswe) kunye% 2 kuphela - oko bayisile imithombo yamanzi. Ukusuka umfanekiso ehlabathini lonke ihlabathi kucacile ukuba ukufumaneka kwamanzi amatsha - ayikho imfuneko nje, kodwa ke ngamanye amaxesha ubutofotofo.

amanzi inkunkuma eyenziwe ngexesha lemisebenzi zoqoqosho lwamashishini, kuba isixa esikhulu ezingcolisa kungomlinganiselo ke kuvumelekile kunye nemimiselo kunene. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yinto enzima (intsimbi, nickel, ikopolo, ilothe, imetyhuri, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, njalo njalo)., Ioli ezimbiwa, eziqinileyo lanqunyanyiswa, i-aluminiyamu, surfactants zokwenziwa (surfactants zokwenziwa, kuba nje konke oko amagwebu). Ezi izinto abangena emachibini, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo biogeocoenoses zasemanzini, bonakalise umhlaba, musani ukubacaphukisa ukukhula lisiza blue-eluhlaza, zibe yityhefu izilwanyana. Ezi ubuthi kwakhona yityhefu ebantwini.

Of imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu kwizakhiwo kwigumbi zokuhlala kunye nezindlu zabucala nazo zivelisa izixa ezikhulu ezingcolisayo. Ngokubanzi, aba surfactants nezinto ezingasafunekiyo eziphilayo, kodwa bawe kumjelo ogutyulayo kunye metal iityuwa.

Yintoni skimmer leeprothini unyango amdaka?

Skimmer - isixhobo zokususa ubumdaka emihle indlela amanzi physico-chemical. Kakhulu ukuthetha, indlela yenye iimodyuli nkqubo ephambili kubuchwepheshe ubugcisa kunye nonyango amdaka. Kuthatha indawo kwi skimmer seperation engundoqo lezinyibilikisi kunye nonyango amanzi ukuya nezalathisi esemgangathweni.

flotators Industrial ukuba senzelwe izityalo ezinkulu, kwaye semoto, ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu kunye eziphathekayo.

Eyona njongo iphambili kunika skimmer kwaye behle ngamanzi iqhawulwa kuwo zingcolisayo ukuzitshintsha ibe uhlobo ezingenakunyibilika. Kulo apparatus, umoya inikezelwa ukuphucula ukusebenza wokucoca.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo skimmer unyango amdaka

Umgaqo ukusebenza isekelwe skimmer kufuneka zicocwe ipasisiwe ngolwimi amaqamza ngenjongo amagwebu Ukwakheka. Le amagwebu kuthiwa flotoshlam, nto leyo isuswe kwaye yabelwa isixhobo ekhethekileyo kwamanzi. Ukuze amaqamza ziyafunyanwa ufuduswe umke engavumeli, ukongeza ngaphambi kwezinto ezikhethekileyo - coagulants kunye flocculants. Le mathiriyeli adhesiveness phezulu, ngamanye zinceda ubuthi agglomerate omnye nomnye kunye amaqamza, wakha ebizwa ngokuba yi-flocculi.

Igutyana, esisuka esatsiba okanye amanzi esatsiba phezulu izixhobo beleni, ubamba kunye ezingcolisa ancamathelayo. Loo nkqubo yenziwa logama nje amanzi alifikeleli isiphumo efunekayo wokucoca.

ukuntsonkotha yenkqubo kukuba ukunyenyisa ngokuchanileyo ithamo coagulant kunye flocculant ukwenzela ukuba amandla adhesion waba eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze adhesion ye kwiqamza, kodwa Imihlubulo ngenxa abazange ubunzima kakhulu, ukuze umonakalo umoya kwiqamza.

A wesekethe ziqulathe skimmer ukuba unyango amdaka

Technology, kokuthabatha skimmer njengoko unit main processing usoloko luquka isityalo iikhemikhali kunye nezixhobo ngokudala amaqamza. Reagent ifama itanki kunye nezinto zokwenza ngokutsha (coagulants, flocculants, kwealkali ukulungisa pH) kunye reactor ukuba axube le reagent ngamanzi.

Njengoko isixhobo ezingenisa amaqamza njengoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi saturator emele kwigumbi umoya ukuxubana namanzi ukwenza umxube wamanzi-moya. Ngaphezu koko, le umxube napravlyayuetsya in skimmer. isixhobo carbonation lixhotyiswe impompo enamandla ngenxa yokumpompoza umoya.

Skimmer asisetyenziswa yedwa, usoloko ifakiwe lilonke scheme kwamanzi. Kukugqiba aquka isigaba neentlenge lokuqala, unyango ngokwasemzimbeni-chemical (okanye skimmer Coagulator) kunye nokucoca mechanical kamva kwi filter.

Ngamanye amazwi, le skimmer akanako ukunika yonke sentlambululo, le yi udumbo enye, efuna preprocessing nasemva. Engena intlabathi skimmer okanye xa kukho ubumdaka erhabaxa kukhokelela ukusilela isixhobo. Kwakhona, esi sixhobo ukunika kweentsholongwane nokucocwa ngokucokisekileyo iimveliso zepetroliyam. Ngoko ke, emva kokufakwa eziyimfuneko UV kunye sorption (okanye mechanical) izihluzi.

Idayagram isekelwe kwinkqubo ayinto. Ayinto - oku kuphathwa amdaka amaqamza zomoya ukuze Ukukhupha izinto nokunyityilikiswa kunye emulsified. Amanzi nakwesiphi na unit main processing. Kwakhona Apho xi (okanye depressurized) imo elungiselelwe ngaphambili reagent ezinikiweyo kwi-reactor. Kananjalo amaqamza flotator abondliwayo nge isixhobo carbonation. Xa skimmer zokuhlanjululwa amanzi kwenzeka wezenzi unyango amdaka kunye amaqamza, ophuphumayo kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngokohlobo flocculation flotoshlama. supernatant Flotoshlam liyasuswa kwamanzi ngu yokuthutha ize apha chip umzingeli.

Le udaka iyamelana kakhulu kolevaniyam ngomatshini, nokho kobuso uyaphi ngenyameko ukwenzela ukuba ukwahlukana amagwebu.

device skimmer

Skimmer - yokufaka utywala evulekileyo ngesinyithi okanye iplastiki, lixhotyiswe ngesixhobo ize ukuqokelela flotoshlama nokuba isinqe etsobhileyo. Skimmer kuthetha ubukho umlomo yamanzi-umoya lokubonelela umxube wazo saturator, kwaye ukuba asete flotoshlama ingabi nanto likaxakeka lokubonelela amanzi amdaka kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi nyulu. Kokufaka skimmer, ngokuqhelekileyo akhiwe kwi sayithi kwenkonzo kuncedo.

iintlobo flotators

unyango amdaka Flotators zahluke ngokwendlela njani na amanzi igcwaliswe amaqamza kunye nohlobo maqampu. Eyona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya mechanical, enoxinzelelo kunye electroflotation. ayinto enoxinzelelo ithetha egumbini carbonation kunye neqela sokumpompa amanzi. Ngaphandle koko, le ndlela rhoqo wezenzi ezisetyenziswe. Electroflotation Akuyomfuneko isityalo kwemichiza kunye saturator, njengoko isekelwe ngokuchithwa i electrode emanzini.

ayinto mechanical

Mechanical (okanye impeller) Umxhubi busenza ukuba ukuba ngesantya esiphezulu ingena amaqamza emanzini. Olu hlobo lonyango amanzi amanzi othambekele sewayini kunye neegesi ifumile. Kule ndlela mechanical, ayikwazi wasebenzisa reactants, ekubeni zamayo wadala yi stirrer, nje zahlule ezingcolisa kukubola. Okwangoku, ayinto mechanical akuxhaphakanga, ekubeni kunqabile inika isiphumo eyaneleyo zokucoca.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ingxenye ziquka flotators lokucamagushela ucoco amanzi amdaka avela petroleum.

uxinzelelo ayinto

Kulo mzekelo flotators unyango amdaka isixhobo yaxhobisa carbonation reagent kunye noqoqosho. Saturator na igumbi kuyo inaliti umoya phantsi koxinzelelo ngaphezu womoya. Medium zilungiswe saturator, ebizwa umxube umoya-emanzini. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo ayinto yaye ngokufuthi ngakumbi kusetyenziswa. Inkqubo zokuhlanjululwa kwenzeka pretreatment reagent (coagulant okanye flocculant) kunye noxinzelelo esilandelayo umxube wamanzi unyango. bubble gas nganye ifakelelwe ungcoliseko ngokwayo, ekubeni sele umdla amandla elikhulu ngenxa kumda kwisigaba (air-amanzi). ukulungiselela lokuqala amanzi kuphucula reagent zokucoca, kuba idala floccules (micelles), nto leyo abe amandla ethile yomtsalane. Ubuninzi amanzi kupheliswa ngokuba umbhobho amanzi okuhlamba ukucoca phambili okanye usethe. On top of isixhobo ekhethekileyo ize kususa flotoshlam - ungcoliseko, afuthe kunye amaqamza phezulu ifomu kanzulu.

Inzuzo ephambili ayinto xi uluhlu olubanzi izicelo. Ububi phambi kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ziquka (ulawulo reagent, carbonator iimpompo), nto leyo zithatha isithuba kwaye kufuneka ukuba nokuhambisa (umz, ukukhethwa reactants umthamo). Ukuzimisela reagent ubungakanani ludlala indima enkulu njengoko idosi eliphantsi kuya kukhokelela ekubeni zokuhlanjululwa zaneleyo (hayi onke amasuntswana zichithakala nje encinane ihlanganiselwe), kanye umthamo omkhulu kungakhokelela ekubeni amadlu akayi ukumelana ubunzima Imihlubulo kwaye kwehlisa, zikwabangela ukuncitshiswa isiphumo ukucoca.

Elektroflotator

unyango amdaka Olu hlobo flotators kwahlukile koomofu kunye usebenziso olulula. Indlela sikuko engamanzi electrolysis ukuba nyulu kunye neegesi yokwahlukana i electrode. Ngexesha lenkqubo electrolysis lwenzeka skimmer: ntsundu hydrogen kwi cathode, lo anode - oksijini. Xa usebenzisa electrode ezinyibilikayo (umz alumuniyam okanye intsimbi) ngakumbi amanzi Igcwele ion yentsimbi karhulumente igcwala ephakamileyo lidlala indima reactants ukudala kukubola ungcoliseko. Le nkqubo inceda ikheswa, ukuba ndityale ezingcolisa nangakumbi emanzini. Ekubeni indawo skimmer ayikho enkulu, kwiimeko ezinjalo kukho elungileyo unamathele kukubola kunye nomoya pozyrkov esibonelela isiphumo ephezulu wokucoca.

Inzuzo ephambili kwisixhobo onjalo kukungabikho izityalo iikhemikhali kunye nezinye izixhobo enkulu kunye iqondo eliphezulu kwamanzi. Bobubi ke ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ephakamileyo kunye nemfuneko nezixhobo kususwa hydrogen.

umlomo ayinto

Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa nemilomo ezikhethekileyo ukwazisa umoya emanzini processing ukuba inikezelwa umatshini ayinto, akukho ingxolo ube umxube biphasic. Abaxhamla kule ndlela banxibe ngaphantsi iinxalenye fakelo, ngoko ubomi inkonzo ixesha elide.

plant chemical

Kwezinye iindlela, wezenzi ayinto ilandelayo isetyenziselwe ukuphucula ukusebenza zokuhlanjululwa:

• arhente sokuwanyusa pH - asidi kwaye kwealkali ezidityaniswe emanzini ukuqinisekisa eziqhelekileyo iimeko zokusebenza coagulant kunye flocculant;
• coagulants - wezenzi ezikhuthaza flocculation kwaye neetyuwa zentsimbi kunye aluminiyamu;
• flocculants - wezenzi nezithi zikhuphe kukubola ezinkulu kwaye uzinze (floccules) kwaye imele polyacrylamide esimbaxa.

Luncedo xa kukho indlela reagent yokucocwa kwamanzi kukho imfuneko khona abasebenzi, kwakunye neendawo ukuba kufuneka anikezele isitya kunye zamandla. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukukhetha idosi echanekileyo wezenzi, apho kunokwenzeka empirically kuphela.