Garri Trumen - ngumongameli US. Biography, ubuzwe, ifoto, ebudeni bolawulo-nkqubo wezangaphandle

Garri Trumen - i US umongameli kunye ikamva engaqhelekanga. gameli kwakhe, yayilawulwa ngequbuliso, kunye nezigqibo impikiswano, maxa wambi kabuhlungu. Ukuba Truman yamkele iziqhushumbisi kwezixeko Japanese ka iHiroshima Nagasaki kunye iziqhushumbisi atomic. Noko ke, umongameli 33th ayekholelwa ukuchaneka isigqibo, bekholelwa ukuba isenzo esothusayo bundlobongela isindise izigidi zabantu, equbuda ukuba bazinikele yaseJapan. Kamva waba umqalisi le "IMfazwe" kunye eSoviet Union.

umongameli ezingathandwa

Truman - US Umongameli kunye mlinganiselo usezantsi kwimbali. Phakathi iinkokeli ezingathandwa American wazalelwa Missouri isimise uhlobo anti-irekhodi: ngoDisemba 1951,-23% kuphela baseMelika ingqalelo kwaso umsebenzi omhle. Nkqu Richard Nixon ngexesha kwihlazo Watergate yaba ireyithi ephezulu - 24%.

Ngo-1953, xa ngasekhohlo post, kuphela 31% yabemi ukudunyiswa kwakhe kulawulo,-56% - embi. Kodwa nantsi into edidayo: ngo-1982 kwaqhutywa uphando phakathi mbali, ngubani na yinkokeli ubalaseleyo uhlanga, neengcali bathabatha Truman indawo 8 kuluhlu lwazo zonke ezo abongameli US.

Isifundo se-mpepha wabonisa Truman ukuba - US noMongameli ngumlinganiswa esomeleleyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima ubenetloni akazange ukufaka amahlakani kunye nabasebenzi, ukwenza izigqibo zabo, kwanokuba akukho ukuba uyathandwa. Iphini uxanduva, kule meko zange waya indlela ekhethiweyo. Ngoko yezopolitiko ezingathandwa lenyuka ukuya kwinqanaba yabantu abanam hero American.

Truman, US uMongameli: biography

biography Truman iqulethe ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Wazalelwa kwintsapho komlimi encinane May 8, 1884. Wathi akugqiba esikolweni ngo-Independence, eMissouri. Ekunye nomzalwana wakhe wazama ukuba abe umbali kwibhanki, kodwa imali kwikholeji wayengekho. Uyise waphulukana nezinto zakhe ngenxa zentelekelelo kurhwebo okuziinkozo.

Ubuzwe US uMongameli Garri Trumena ezingazange zipapashwe (ukulanda iingcambu amaYuda), kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba ikholwa ngokunyanisekileyo, umBhaptizi yaye kamva wangena neengcibi. Ukususela 1906 ukuya 1907, uHarry, kunye noyise wakhe nomzalwana ezisetyenziweyo noninakhulu efama. Ngowe-1914 uyise wafa, kunye Truman ngokwakhe yabaleka ifama. Watshayelela ujikeleziso lwezityalo zizalele nakuzo iinkomo, waphumelela. Nasemigodini zinc-ilothe kodwa imali, bathatha inxaxheba scam oyile.

Ukuqala imisebenzi yezopolitiko

Inzala kwezopolitiko kwi Truman Ndavuka kwiminyaka omncinane. Ngenxa kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, waba i-National Guard, besilwa emasimini yaseFransi. Ngo-Epreli ka-1919 yena eshiya inkonzo zomkhosi elikwinqanaba umthetheli, aze atshate Elizabeth Fuhrman. Kunye neqabane ivula ivenkile yempahla zamadoda.

Intlekele eyehlele i-1921-1922 kwawasingela phantsi ishishini ngumongameli elizayo, Truman wasala 25 amawaka eerandi usematyaleni. Isifundo bafunda: ishishini - hayi ngenxa kuye, Truman uba esemthethweni. UHarry, ukubuyekeza, yaba isithethi eyoyikekayo. ikamva lakhe lezopolitiko wabona kwizikhundla of Democrats - Party inombolo 1 South.

igosa Young amaziyo wokhetho kunye namaqabane phambili-umgca nge inkxaso. Njengoko Jackson County ngumgwebi, waba linoxanduva:

• nemeko zeendlela;
• ukuchitha amanzi;
• ubuphathi ukuba abadala;
• uncedo kubemi.

Ukusuka Senator ku uSekela Mongameli

Ngoko ke kwixesha elizayo Truman - umongameli we-United States, ogama iifoto ayivathise tabloids yexesha. Kwaye ngelixa uHarry ke ethembisayo, kodwa kancinane-eyaziwa wezopolitiko. It ilawula ngempumelelo okwilizwe, kokubona ngokucacileyo isicwangciso iqela, ngoko iqela koko uya kumnceda abe leNdlu yeeNgwevu emva konyulo lango-1934.

Le leNdlu yeeNgwevu engama-50 ubudala Truman kwimeko yakowabo Missouri bafika eWashington. Yena lweli "New Mphathe" Roosevelt (owayesakuba ngumongameli), ebandakanyekileyo kwemithetho. I yokuqala ebalulekileyo uthumo - uncedo ummiselo yezithuthi umoya ikhula. Emva koko ke leNdlu yeeNgwevu yenza igama elilelakhe, ebonisa maqhinga okungekho mthethweni inani kwabaphathi kaloliwe. Emva kwakhe kwakhona konyulo ukuze yeeNgwevu 1940 kwakhokelela ikomiti likaxakeka, ezo subordinated ekufundweni iinkqubo izixhobo injalo.

Iziganeko Pearl Harbor kwaye isimangalo kwi US imveliso imfazwe le komiti ukuba indima yokuqala. Harry waba zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba ngo-1944, isesikhundleni sobubi-mongameli. Nokuba ke, yena ekuhleni waba igqwetha lejaji inxaxheba US inxaxheba yotshintsho imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe emva kwemfazwe. Noko ke, indida: njengoko uSekela Mongameli Truman akuthethi inxaxheba kwiinkomfa emkhosini, yena ngokungangqalanga aziswe nokudalwa ezabo atom yeprojekthi Manhattan.

UMongameli ufile. Makadle ubomi nomongameli!

Ukufa Roosevelt ngoAprili 12 1945 kwisixeko ngokuzenzekelayo (ngokwe-siseko) yenza Harry inkokheli yelizwe. Ukususela ngoku Truman - US Mongameli. Ebudeni bolawulo: 12.04.1945- 01.20.1953. Imfazwe eYurophu yayisele iza kugqitywa, ubudlelwane eSoviet-American zimbi ngenxa yeengxaki zeMpuma Yurophu. Ukongeza, Truman uyaqhubeka ukubambelela iiprojekthi yepolitiki neyoqoqosho ulawulo Roosevelt, kukudala:

• United Nations.
• IMF.
• World Bank.

Truman, US umongameli: nkqubo angaphandle

Harry Truman unomdla nolwalamano oluhle Stalin, kodwa ufuna ukuphepha kunye neengxaki Churchill. Yena bakucaphukisa izivumelwano Polish-eSoviet (ngaphambili ePoland kwi US kwindawo enempembelelo), ingqalelo Soviet Communist karhulumente kwamapolisa, ezahlukeneyo kancinane ukusuka Germany Hitler kunye Italy uMussolini kaThixo.

Elesithandathu ka-Agasti, ngoxa ababekhwele kweso Cruiser "Augusta", ufumana umyalezo kwi sicelo e Hiroshima (saseJapan), ezabo lokuqala atomic. Hi ndlela leyi, ngoJulayi 24, umongameli waxelela Stalin malunga isixhobo esitsha, Noko ke, cwaka, ukuba sithetha superbomb: "ziye senza esona sixhobo eloyikekayo embalini. Kuya kusetyenziswa eJapan. Iinjongo - ekujoliswe zomkhosi, kodwa hayi abafazi kunye nabantwana ".

ebuhlungu nuclear

Truman - US uMongameli okokuqala nabuganga ukuvavanya izixhobo zenyukliya abantu. Wayo ukuziphatha komsindo lemfazwe yi-Japanese: ukuhlaselwa ebhegini kwi Pearl Harbor, komjikelo obulalayo amabanjwa, abaninzi nxaniso amabanjwa emfazwe kwiiPhilippines. Harry wayesazi ukuba ayehlasela isiqithi enkulu yaseJapan iingxaki ezininzi kukho ukungavisisani.

Kuba Hiroshima and Nagasaki, oko mercilessly bagxeka kwaye wagxeka nesiqingatha senkulungwane kamva. Nangona kunjalo, i Truman wayekholelwa ukuba iziqhushumbisi eziwe kwi Japan wasindisa ubomi amakhulu amawaka amajoni yaseMelika kunye nezigidi Japanese ababeza kubulawa ngexesha ayehlasela lizwe. Ngoko ke, ngo-1951, xa Jikelele MacArthur ifuna ezisebenza ungquzulwano Korean izixhobo zenyukliya, umongameli wala.

Yena usoloko ecinga malunga ukusetyenziswa ukuqhushumba, ingakumbi xa China wajoyina imfazwe kwicala North Korea. Harry wabona ezabo isixhobo yezopolitiko, enokusetyenziswa nxamnye eSoviet Union, xa kuya kuba malunga nokhuseleko US. Ngethamsanqa, imfazwe yaphela ukulingana yomkhosi.

Ihlabathi emva kwemfazwe

Icandelo post-kwimfazwe yehlabathi yahluke ngokucacileyo ukususela ezilindelekileyo wabadlali enkulu: eUnited States, USSR kunye Great Britain. Urhulumente waseSoviet wala ukuba asebenzisane ne IMF kwakunye neBhanki yeHlabathi - kumaziko, apho, ngokutsho abasemagunyeni US, babeza kuba ngundoqo ukumimitheka kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Kodwa ngo-1947, apho Cominform - umbutho ngamazwe wamaKomanisi. USSR ithwala ingcamango revolution yehlabathi. EMpuma Yurophu, kwiiBalkans yaye China inkxaso ingcamango. Truman liyaqonda ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kakuhle-ntle, ngokwasengqondweni self-ulwazi kunye ukhuseleko. Ukuba baseYurophu, Ndikruqukile imfazwe, akathabatheli intembelo yokuba eMoscow uya kukwazi ukuphembelela abemi lwesininzi yasentshona. Ezi mfazwe ziye engundoqo yobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

imfundiso Truman

Truman, US umongameli, waba iqela engundoqo kukaStalin. ukuqulatha kwenzeka kuqala nje ukuqulatha exananazileyo USSR kunye Germany. Oku kubandakanya ukusekwa eseleyo wonke wamajoni kaRhulumente kunye nokusekwa eJapan naseYurophu, amaziko amatsha amandla nxamnye-nkqubo ye-USSR.

Akukho namnye abongameli US kamva akukho impembelelo kuphuhliso post-imfazwe eYurophu Truman. 1947 waba unyaka wokuzalwa 'imfundiso Truman ". Congress ukuthintela Communist Party kumandla, Greece kunye Turkey ibonelela ngoncedo ebalulekileyo yomkhosi kunye noqoqosho.

United Kingdom akusekho bakwazi ukumelana yiSoviet Union kummandla, kunye ne-United States kwaba engundoqo amandla lweMeditera. Kwandula ke kwabakho isiCwangciso Marshall, okunyusileyo Western eYurophu ukusuka ngxi kwaye ukuphelisa zomnotho. Lwesininzi of Western Europe kufutshane intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye ezopolitiko - ukudalwa NATO (th 1947).

Njengoko "ibhulorho moya" eBerlin kaThixo, uphuhliso NATO yabonisa ukuba inkokeli US wayeyibona le ukusebenza kwengqondo ngayo nezigqibo zezopolitiko. Nangona inokusebenza, Harry uyaqonda ukuba US ayikho ukulungele ukudlala indima 'ipolisa ihlabathi ". nkqubo kulawulo Truman ngo-1950 - yinto nkqubo kakhulu zongcoliseko kuqoqosho expansionism Soviet. Ukuze wenze oku, faka uncedo amabini kwezoqoqosho, izohlwayo, urhwebo neAfrika kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ngerandi. Ngamafutshane, onke amanyathelo zongcoliseko yempembelelo Soviet kunokwenzeka.

nkqubo yasekhaya

Okumangalisayo kukuba, loo ngenku- nkqubo angaphandle edakasa oburhulumente ngokwawo, waqonda kakubi. Rating Es uHarry Truman lehla kancinci. ipolitiki yangaphakathi le mbali xesha zikho njengoko 'imfazwe yangaphakathi "ngumongameli zangoku kunye nabacebisi zobunene phambi uMongameli Roosevelt. Ngowe-1946, i-Republican yaphumelela uninzi lezihlalo kwindlu Congress. I-Democratic Party elaqala lengxaki. South babebambelele musa ukuthembela Truman kwezopolitiko ngokobuhlanga. uluvo loluntu kunye namaphephandaba "kungcwatywa" ngumongameli yangoku. Lonke utshintsho Berlin ntlekele. Harry eso ukwabiwa ngokobuhlanga emkhosini, ukholelwa uluntu into elungileyo. Noko ke, Congress akazange enze okulungileyo kwinkqubo yayo utshintsho.

Truman zange zihambe ubudlelwane kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Zonke iingxaki idityaniswe kwaye ungquzulwano kwishishini ngentsimbi ye. Harry wayalela ukuba sokutshintshela ematyeni ophuma ezintsimbini ukusetyenziswa kukarhulumente ekupheleni ungquzulwano. INkundla Ephakamileyo udize ukuba kuchasene siseko.

Edidayo lo kwaye isigqibo Truman ukulawula-iphiko lasekhohlo uso kwezopolitiko, nto leyo nomqathango amalungelo oluntu nentshutshiso ezizinzululwazi ndawonye phantsi kobunkokheli Senator McCarthy. inkqubo Ukunyaniseka uhlala page impikiswano Truman kaMongameli.

Relations kunye Congress zaye isali inkqubo yakhe "Fair mkhumbi". It elawulwa amaxabiso, ityala, iimveliso mveliso, kumazwe angaphandle, imivuzo kunye yezindlu. Uninzi Republican Congress Zaruba le program. Ukukhabana ne Congress mandundu ngexesha lekota Truman lwesibini njengomongameli. Republican usizi lwakhe lwezopolitiko China. Ngenxa ukugxekwa zopolitiko Harry entwasahlobo ka-1952 wathi uyala ukulandela angenele yakhe. Congress sele yavuma kwisi-siseko umda kaMongameli ukuya ngokwemimiselo ezimbini. Noko ke, Truman akuyi abachaphazelekayo, ngokuba owayengumongameli kwiminyaka emithandathu kuphela. Xa yakhe, wabhala wathi: "Ukuba ngumongameli - oko kuthetha ukuba lilolo." Wafa umongameli 33th we Kansas City 12/26/1972, eneminyaka engama-88.