Gotorn Nataniel: A ngobomi emfutshane umbhali

Nataniel Gotorn i inkosi elaziwayo ebuhlanti kuncwadi American. Wayesebenza ngexesha Romantic, kunye nobuchule bakhe ahlanganiswe oko kakhulu, ukwenza uhlobo ezithandwayo kwinoveli.

impilo Early

Umbhali wazalwa ngo-1804 kwisixeko waseSalem. ookhokho yakhe bafuduka eNgilani kuhlala kakuhle eMelika. Ngokukodwa, ukhokho wakhe enye neenkokeli Massachusetts Bay Colony. Lonke umgca oyindoda kamva ongenzi kwizikhundla kakhulu eziphakamileyo, kuquka abagwebi. Izilingo Myeki odumileyo eSalem nje kwakhokelela Umbhali xa ukhokho Dzhon Gotorn.

UNathaniyeli waye unyana umphathi elwandle, ababulawa ngumkhuhlane, xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka emine ubudala. unina kunye noodade ababini basala ebino-nezalamane.

Esengumntwana, Hawthorne ubunzima emlenzeni kukwenzakala kakhulu kunye nobomi wahlala ongumlwelwe.

Xa ndandineminyaka elishumi iNathaniel kunye nentsapho yakhe waya Maine, apho wahlala efama. Kamva, yena usoloko ecinga emva kwezo ntsuku, nesithukuthezi amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye cwaka engakholelekiyo kwezo ndawo.

Wabuya neSalem ukugqiba esikolweni apho. Ukususela ebuntwaneni ebethanda umsebenzi wokubhala, yaye wada yakhupha iphepha wabo, ezele imisebenzi wombhali.

Xa ngokuthi kayisekazi, Gotorn Nataniel wangena Boudinsky College, ukusuka apho izifundo ngo-1825. Isifundo akazange abe intsingiselo okukhulu ngaye, ingakumbi ekubeni kungekho uza kuba igqwetha, njengoko umalume wakhe babefuna. UNathaniyeli intloko ngaphezulu emafini, baphupha umsebenzi yokubhala.

indalo

Umbhali usoloko wayeziva enetyala kubudlelwane kunye nookhokho bakhe, sithi, ngenxa yesigqibo abantu abaninzi babulawa ngexesha lenkqubo eSalem. Wazama okusemandleni akhe ukuba ukuzikhusela nomini nabo.

Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe imvelaphi iziganeko ezidlulileyo izaliswe ingqiqo letyala, kwaye umxholo wookhokho yesono liphuma phantse rhoqo.

inoveli yakhe yokuqala, "feng shui" aphuma 1828, kodwa ayiphumelelanga. Kodwa Hawthorne akazange eze lithemba, wahlabela mgama ukuyila, wabhala kakhulu amabali imixholo limangalisa kwaye kwamnandi, kwakhululwa ingqokelela ezininzi zamabali zabantwana (kuquka "grandfathering isitulo", "Incwadi Imimangaliso").

Njengoko imeko yakhe yemali Kwakunzima kakhulu, iNathaniel wayesebenza isuphavayiza kwi amasiko. Ukuze wenze oku, ngokufuthi kwakufuneka yena ukuba abe eBoston. Imfuneko oku yaphela emva kokukhutshwa inoveli yakhe "I Ebomvu Letter".

Le mveliso ebangele livakale enkulu kungekhona kuluntu American, kodwa eYurophu, ekwenzeni kanye igama kaNathaniyeli Hawthorne kaThixo odumileyo.

"I Ebomvu Letter" ubalisa ibali uEstere lwamkelwe, eyaba wamitha waza wazala umntwana ngelo xesha, lo gama umyeni wakhe wayengekho. Akukho namnye wayesazi ukuba uyaphila. Uluntu waba anyanzele abanye ukuba le ntombazana, wabalahla yakhe wagwetywa inhlawulo. Kwagqitywa ebotshelelwe intsika nezimfakamfele kwi ilokhwe yakhe ngomsonto obomvu unobumba "A", oko kukuthi uphawu sokungathembeki yakhe.

kungekudala umyeni kaEstere abuya ke, emva kokufunda ngesi siganeko, wazama ukufumana ukuba ngubani imbangi yakhe. Kwabonakala ukuba abe ngumbingeleli entsha wendawo.

Nataniel Gotorn, ogama iincwadi cinga nzulu iingxaki zentlalo nezengqondo, yagxekwa yimibutho zonqulo, lo gama abafundi nabagxeki zoncwadi abaye imveliso ngemincili.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

kweminyaka emine Gotorn Nataniel wayehlala eYurophu, abahlala isithuba nguNozakuzaku apho. Wayehamba kwilizwekazi liphela, waza wabuyela Melika yaba phakathi War Civil.

Umhlobo wakhe Franklin Pierce, owayengumongameli we lizwe sabhengezwa ungumngcatshi. Kukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi yakhe kakuhle mfutshane ubudlelwane phakathi North noMzantsi bafikelele kwinqanaba isigqibo.

Kwaye njengoko Gotorn Nataniel sele enikelwe nezinye iincwadi zakhe, naye ezilahlekileyo igama lakhe. Kwaye muva kuthandwa yajika kuye.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Hawthorne wabandezeleka kwiintlungu kakhulu esiswini. Ngaphandle koku, yena kunye nomhlobo wakhe Pierce waya New Hampshire khenketho. Apho wafa ngexesha ukuhlala ubusuku. Yaba May 19, 1864.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo ebusuku, unyana wakhe omdala Julian wathabatha nokuqaliswa kwi zomanyano "Delta Kappa Epsilon" eHarvard. ubusuku bonke esalele ibhokisi evaliweyo kunye ndivalwe.

impilo Personal

Ngowe-1842, umbhali watshata Nozipho Peabody. emtshatweni wabo waba happy kakhulu, nangona ngento bobabini. Abantu abatsha iintloni kakhulu, Sofia zahluke ukungazithembi, iNathaniel - ivaliwe.

Esi sibini waba nabantwana abathathu: intombi Una, uRose kunye nonyana Julian.