Heating - yintoni na? iipropati Heating

Heating - impahla okanye into leyo ibabambezelayo ayilwamkeli ombane. conductivity enjalo afunyenwe ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane elektroni kunye ion. Ezi amasuntswana akhiwa kule izinto non-Ukuqhutywa kuphela xa iipropati-lobushushu eliphezulu. Into yokuba yokwambathisa loo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

incazelo

Nganye umqhubi elektroniki okanye Radiotechnical, semiconductor okanye yokwambathisa ebizwayo yedlula ombane, kodwa uphawu Heating ukuba nangona ombane aphezulu phezu 550 V uya ukuvuza imali encinci lwangoku. ngoku zombane kwi yokwambathisa - yiyo isindululo kwamasuntswana abekwe kwicala elithile (inokuba HIV okanye negative).

iintlobo imisinga

Xa intliziyo conductivity Heating zezi:

• Absorption ngoku - ngoku ujikeleze kwi Heating kwindawo yangoku nye de kube ngoko, ide ifike likarhulumente lizama, ukutshintsha ulwalathiso xa unikezelo ombane yaye xa ukhupha. iya kuba nini alternating ngamandla ngoku apha Heating langoku kulo ngamaxesha onke, kusesemini esigangeni yombane.
• conductivity Electronic - ezihambayo electron phantsi kwempembelelo yasendle.
• conductivity Ionic - imele intshukumo ion. It akhiwe izisombululo electrolyte - iityuwa, ii-asidi, ngesepha, ngokunjalo dielectrics ezininzi.
• Molionnaya conductivity - ukuhamba amasuntswana ebizwayo ekuthiwa molionami. Ifunyanwa kwiinkqubo colloidal, emulsions kunye ukumiswa. Molionov ngumkhuba sentshukumo kwintsimi yombane kuthiwa electrophoresis.

izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo zihlelwa ngurhulumente of udibaniso kunye nohlobo imichiza. Eyokuqala yahlulwe eqinileyo, elulwelo, sukube kunye lukhuni. Ngokutsho nakuhlobo lwemichiza zahlulwe imveliso zomgquba, inorganics kunye nezinto organometallic.

dielectrics Conductivity ithi of ukulinganiswa:

• greenhouse Conductivity. Xa izinto sukube Uhanjiso encinane ngokwaneleyo yangoku. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke phambi amasuntswana ezamahala ityala, olwenzeka ngenxa kwimpembelelo ionic nangekhompyutha iimeko zangaphandle nangaphakathi: radiation X-reyi kwaye iintlobo radioactive, yokungqubana neemolekyuli kunye amasuntswana icala, izinto thermal.
• Unikezelo lombane lwe kulwelo Heating. Izixhomekeki: isakhiwo kwemolekyuli, ubushushu, ukungcola, ubukho ngezityholo ezinkulu elektroni kunye ion. Conductivity of dielectrics ulwelo kuxhomekeke kubukho ukufuma kunye ukungcola. Uhanjiso lombane wadala izinto polar ngakumbi kulwelo ukuya unako inqanyulwe. Xa sithelekisa ulwelo polar and non-polar, inzuzo awathethi conductivity zakuqala. Ukuba ulwelo kucacile evela ubumdaka, oko kuya kuba negalelo ekunciphiseni impahla yayo eqhubekayo. Ngenxa ukukhula conductivity ukwimo ulwelo kunye ubushushu bayo ukunciphisa viscosity yayo kwenzeka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni ion ukuhamba.
• dielectrics Solid. electroconductivity kwabo kubangelwa njengoko intshukumo kwamasuntswana Heating ityala kunye ukungcola. Emasimini ezinamandla zombane ibhaqwe conductivity yangoku.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo of dielectrics

Xa resistivity izixhobo elingana ngaphantsi kwe 10-5 Ohm * m kunganxulunyaniswa izinikezeli. Ukuba ngaphezu kwama-108 Ohm * m - ukuya dielectrics. Kukho iimeko apho resistivity na izihlandlo ezininzi mkhulu kweelana nombhexeshi. Xa uluhlu 10-5-108 Ohm * m is a semiconductor. izinto sisinyithi - ngumbhexeshi obalaseleyo wamandla ombane.

Lonke ngamaxesha itafile lweziqalelo, 25 kuphela non-isinyithi, kunye 12 kubo izakubayi kunye iipropati semiconductor. Kodwa ke, ngaphandle etafileni izinto, kusekho aluminiyamu ezininzi, ezaqanjwa okanye iikhemikali kunye impahla umqhubi, semiconductor okanye Heating. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukwenza izinto ezithile ezahlukeneyo wabopha resistances zabo. Umzekelo, kwi nokuphungulwa ubushushu factor semiconductor izakuziphatha ngathi Heating.

isicelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo non-ukuqhutywa kumba kakhulu, yenye kwiiklasi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu inamacandelo zombane. Kuye kwacaca ukuba kusetyenziswa iimpawu uhlobo esebenzayo kwisixando sokwenziwa.

Izinto zobumnini isixando Heating ifomu ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo e ngombane zokwambathisa eziphathekayo.

Ngendlela esebenzayo, zisetyenziswa ngendlela ferroelectric kwaye iteknoloji izixhobo laser emitters.

main dielectrics

Kuba ezenzeka rhoqo Iintlobo ziquka:

• Glass.
• Ngerabha.
• Oil.
• Asphalt.
• Porcelain.
• Zwi.
• Air.
• Diamond.
• amanzi acocekileyo.
• Zeplastiki.

Yintoni ulwelo Heating?

Le nokwehlukana olu hlobo kwenzeka kummandla yangoku yombane. Ulwelo izinto non-conductive asetyenziswe ubugcisa ekubunjweni okanye ukumithisa izinto. Kukho iiklasi 3 dielectrics lulwelo:

oyile Petroleum - ephantsi-viscosity kwaye ubukhulu becala non-ezibandayo. Kumaxesha amaninzi asetyenziswa izixhobo ophezulu-ombane: oli sombane, amanzi phezulu. oli sombane - a Heating non-ezibandayo. oyile Cable iye yasetyenziswa xa ukumitha zokwambathisa iingcingo iphepha-ombane kuzo ukuya ku-40 kV, kwaye ukutyabeka metal-based nosebenzela ngaphezu kwe-120 kV. ioli transformer xa kuthelekiswa capacitor na isakhiwo net. Olu hlobo yokwambathisa lisetyenziswa kwimveliso, nangona ixabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa izinto analog izinto.

Yintoni yokwambathisa zokwenziwa? Okwangoku ke wakhanyela phantse zonke ngenxa zinetyhefu kakhulu ziye zenziwa ngenxa carbon ikhlorini. A ulwelo Heating, ngokusekelwe Silicon eziphilayo, ekhuselekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Olu hlobo akubangi ngesinyithi kwaye iimpawu hygroscopicity eliphantsi. Kukho thinned yokwambathisa eziquka compound organofluorine okuyinto ethandwa ingakumbi ngenxa incombustibility kwabo, iimpawu thermal kunye nozinzo oxidative.

Enye look yokugqibela, oko ngeoli yemifuno. Bathi ke okwanamhlanje dielectrics polar, ezi ziquka linseed, uCastor, tung, sesame. ioli kukaCastor kushushu kakhulu kwaye lisetyenziswa capacitors ephepheni. I-oyile eseleyo - aziphethe ngayo. Lolwelo ngazo hhayi komphunga zendalo, yokusabela imichiza ebizwa polymerization. Ukuthatha ezisetyenziswa enamels kunye ipeyinti.

isiphelo

Eli nqaku ngokutsha ngokweenkcukacha, yintoni na yokwambathisa. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo sele ikhankanyiwe. Kakade ke, ukuqonda ukugwegweleza iimpawu zabo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ngakumbi isebe wezenzululwazi ngabo.