Herman Melville "Moby uDick okanye I-White Whale": isishwankathelo. "Moby Dick" - inoveli ezisekelwe kwibali lokwenyaniso

Namhlanje sijonga kakhulu edumileyo ke intando umbhali American Herman Melville, okanye mandithi isishwankathelo yakhe. "Moby uDick okanye I-White Whale" - inoveli ezisekelwe iziganeko ngokwenene. Libhalwe kunyaka 19651.

Malunga le ncwadi

"Moby uDick okanye I-White Whale" (isishwankathelo uya kunika ngezantsi) uye waba imveliso engundoqo ye H. Melville, ummeli we-American Romanticism. Le noveli igcwele intetho ezininzi ombambazelayo, uye iimbekiselo ukuba izifundo zeBhayibhile, uphawu ngobuninzi. Mhlawumbi le nto engazange yamkelwa bexesha lakhe. Nam abagxeki okanye abafundi musa baqonde ubunzulu umsebenzi. Kuphela 20 yenoveli kwinkulungwane yama-20, ukuba kwakufumaneka, yokunika imbeko italente lombhali.

History of indalo

Le noveli yayisekelwe iziganeko eziyinyani na ukuvuma belandela emfutshane. Herman Melville ( "Moby Dick" yaba kwincopho bubuchule) wathabatha njengesiseko imisebenzi isiganeko lenzekile inqanawa "Essex". Esi sikhephe safika ukuba balobe ngo-1819 e-Massachusetts. Njengoko abaninzi isiqingatha nqanawa wayenza whaling, kude ngenye imini oko akuthethi aphelise lidlozi whale enkulu. November 20, 1820 inqanawa iye ingene yi ndiyingwenya izihlandlo ezimbalwa.

Emva kokuba umkhumbi yasinda oomatiloshe-20, ngubani ikwazile izikhephe ukufikelela kwisiqithi Henderson, apho ngelo xesha nabemi. Emva kwexesha elithile, abanye abasindileyo baya kufuna yezwe, abanye wahlala phezu siqithi. Abahambi yonke imihla 95 ebhadula elwandle. Basinda amabini kuphela - umthetheli kunye nenye crewman. Bona Ndathatha whaler. Babethetha ngento eyayenzeke kubo.

Ukongeza, amaphepha yenoveli waza namava lobuqu Melville, baya enqanaweni whaling kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha. Uninzi abahlobo bakhe baba ngamagorha na ke inoveli. Ngokomzekelo, omnye abanini isitya kubonakala ukusebenza phantsi igama uBhiledadi.

Into eyenzeka kweli bali: "Moby uDick okanye I-White Whale" (Melville)

Ophambili - umfana, wathi nguIshmayeli. Uye inkathazo olomeleleyo zemali, kunye nobomi kumhlaba ngcembe ukuba ekukruqulayo kuye. Ngoko ugqiba ukuya kwi whaler, apho ungenza imali okulungileyo, ndidikwe kakhulu elwandle engenakwenzeka.

Nantucket - the American sixeko sidala port. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, oko yayeka ukuba iziko inkulu lokuloba, oko nizihlabe komnci. Noko ke, uIshmayeli kubalulekile ukuba ncokola isitya ngokuyimfuneko apha.

Endleleni eya Nantucket uIshmayeli wayeka kwenye idolophu port. Apha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana phezu kwizitalato savages, wafika ezityeni elwandle-okokoko kwezinye siqithi ezingaziwayo. beligxile umthamo zenziwe imihlathi emikhulu womnenga. Ke abashumayeli ezicaweni, onokunyuka leri kwisebe.

Kule hotel lo mfana adibana Queequeg, Harpoon-bendawo. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, bona babe ngabahlobo, ngoko bagqiba ekubeni bangene emkhombeni kunye.

"Pequod"

Oku kuphela ekuqaleni summary yethu. "Moby uDick okanye I-White Whale" - inoveli, nto leyo ethatha indawo tie kwidolophu kwizibuko Nantucket apho uIshmayeli kunye nomhlobo wakhe omtsha baqesha inqanawa "Pequod". Whaler ulungiselela ukuba umjikelo, nto leyo eya kuthatha iminyaka emi-3.

UIshmayeli waba ibali ezaziwayo obenegunya yenqanawa. UAhabhi indiza yokugqibela, ukuze baphendule sentlanzi enkulu, ezilahlekileyo umlenze. Emva kwesi siganeko, waba ukudangala kwaye morose, kwaye ixesha elininzi kwikhebhini lakhe. Endleleni ngaphandle moya, bakubon 'ukuba oomatrose bathi, mna nkqu engqondweni yam kangangexesha elithile.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kunye nezinye iziganeko ezithile engaqhelekanga ebandakanya isitya, uIshmayeli abangazange baqhoboshele ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo. Ekubeni bahlanganisana pier uhlanga ibitheni abaqala ukuqikelela ukufa "Pequod" kunye neqela lakhe lonke, lo mfana yagqiba ukuba nje wayengumngqibi kunye egobile. A engacacanga mnyama iimilo, ebusuku, ndakhwela emkhombeni, yaye emva koko ngathi isisombululo phezu kwakhe, wacinga ukuba nje abantu abazakhela iingcinga zabo.

induna

Engaziqhelanga ezinxulumene ne-waka kunye inqanawa yakhe kuqinisekiswa yi kwisishwankathelo. "Moby Dick" uya abaphuma uAhabhi aphume ikhabhathi lakhe kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuqalisa uhambo. UIshmayeli wambona, wambetha isithokothoko umthetheli uyitywine i intlungu amazing ngaphakathi ebusweni bakhe.

Ingakumbi kuba nenduna eyodwa yemilenze akwazi ukugcina ukulingana ngexesha ewa esomelela iibhodi zambethe anqamka imingxunya ezincinane awangena kuwo yena wabeka umlenze wakhe wokufakelwa eyenziwe emhlathini of a sperm.

Umthetheli uyala oomatiloshe ukuba uqwalasele white whale. UAhabhi kungekho namnye uthetha, oko evaliwe kwaye ifuna umyalelo ukuthobela olomeleleyo kunye nokubulawa ngephanyazo imiyalelo yakhe. Uninzi lwezi imiyalelo kubangela ehexisayo abangaphantsi, kodwa umphathi wenqaba ukuchaza nantoni na. UIshmayeli wayeqonda ukuba kukho reverie umthetheli ongemhle axwile imfihlelo ethile ezimnyama.

Kuba okokuqala elwandle

"Moby Dick" - incwadi, isishwankathelo sazo malunga iimvakalelo omnye amava, kuqala yakhululwa elwandle. UIshmayeli ngokusondeleyo ebukele ubomi enqanaweni whaling. Melville unika le inkcazelo eninzi lesithuba kumaphepha ngokuzithandela kwakhe. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana inkcazelo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo abangabancedani, yaye imithetho, yaye ubuchule ezisisiseko iminenga ukuzingela, neendlela oko licatshulwa spermaceti iintlanzi - into equlathe amafutha ezilwanyana.

Kukho kwizahluko inoveli, ezo enikelwe iintlobo zeencwadi malunga iminenga, izakhiwo uphando whale imisila, imithombo yamanzi, amathambo. Kukho bakhankanya iminenga amadlozi wenza imifanekiso eyenziwe ngamatye, ngobhedu kunye nezinye izinto. Kuyo yonke le noveli umbhali ufaka ulwazi malunga nohlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi ezincancisayo ezingaqhelekanga.

doubloon igolide

Siyaqhuba isishwankathelo yethu. "Moby Dick" - inoveli, umdla hayi kuphela izinto zalo yezalathiso kunye nolwazi malunga whales, kodwa ibali imincili. Ngoko ke, xa uAhabhi Ekubabutheni lonke iqela 'Pequod ", nto leyo ebona wayebethelelwe lwemasti kukho doubloon yegolide. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa ingxelo ukuba ingqekembe iza kuhamba abo ngabokuqala ukuphawula indlela sentlanzi enkulu emhlophe. Le sperm whale-eyaziwa albino phakathi sperm ogama Moby uDick. Uthi oomatiloshe nakukunkwantya ferocity zabo, ubukhulu enkulu kunye ubuqili ibonwe. ulusu lwakhe igutyungelwe amanxeba evela ngeenyembe, njengoko wayeqhele weza ukulwa nabantu, kodwa uphume kuyo winner. Le ukumelana emangalisayo, apho ngokuqhelekileyo baphela kokufa umkhumbi nqanawa, sperm baqhele musa ukuzama ukubamba kuyo.

Malunga intlanganiso eyoyikekayo Ahabhi Moby uDick ubalisa isishwankathelo izahluko. Herman Melville uchaza indlela umthetheli walahlekelwa umlenze wakhe nini, ukuba phakathi bhasi, xa umsindo wabalekiselwa sperm ngemela ngesandla sakhe. Emva kwesi siganeko umthetheli ingxelo ukuba uza ukugxotha umnenga emhlophe logama nje isidumbu sayo akayi kuvela enqanaweni.

Ukuva oku, Starbuck, iqabane lokuqala, umthetheli wala. Uthi ukuba asibobulumko ukuziphindezelela ngumbandela ezingenangqondo ngenyathelo elizibophelele ethobela a ithuku eyimfama. Ngaphezu koko, kule kukho lunyeliso. Kodwa ke umthetheli, kwaye ke iqela lonke ekuqaleni ukubona ngohlobo a ngobuwena white whale ububi jikelele. Ukuba ndonithumela isiqalekiso, ukuba sperm neziselo ukufa kwakhe. Kuphela enye inkwenkwe cabin Pip Negro, sithandaze kuThixo, ecela ukuba ukhuselo kwaba bantu.

intshutshiso

Isishwankathelo imisebenzi "Moby uDick okanye I-White Whale" ubalisa ibali ngendlela "Pequod" wadibana yiminenga isidoda. Amanzi ukuqala ukunciphisa nabo emikhombeni, kwaye ngeli xesha kukho abo nabadla kunazo zonke ezimnyama - iqela lobuqu ka-Ahabhi, owathunywa evela South Asia. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku uAhabhi wazifihla kubo bonke, sihamba emboniselweni. Izitulo oomatiloshe engaqhelekanga semfene yinzwana eliqina indoda egama Fedalla.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umthetheli uye kuphela Moby Dick, oko ungamshiyi ngokupheleleyo ezingela ezinye kweminenga. Ngoko ke, inqanawa rhoqo kuzingela, emilambo uzaliswe spermaceti. Xa "Pequod" livela kunye nezinye neempahla, umthetheli kuqala zonke abuze ukuba oomatiloshe babona umnenga emhlophe. Kaninzi ngenxa ukuva amabali malunga nendlela Moby Dick abulawe, mhlawumbi usisilima nabani weqela.

Yiva isiprofeto entsha eyoyikisayo: matiloshe mad kunye ngobhubhani isikhephe esichaphazelekayo ulumkisa iqela lwekamva abanyelisi onesibindi ukujoyina ukulwa lwalo ingqumbo kaThixo.

Ngenye imini Isiphelo kuzisa "Pequod" kunye nenye isitya, umthetheli ogama harpooned Moby Dick, kodwa umphumo walimala yaye baphulukana nengalo. UAhabhi wathi kuloo mntu. Kubonakala ukuba akukho injongo Impindezelo yeyam whale. Noko ke, ingxelo uququzelelo apho inqanawa nemoto umnenga.

Starbuck uzama kwakhona ukuba alumkise umthetheli, kodwa bonke ilize. UAhabhi usixelela sakha harpoon yenziwe ngentsimbi inzima eziphezu isitya. Kwaye icima isixhobo esinamandla igazi harpooners ezintathu.

isiprofeto

Zonke ngakumbi kumthetheli kunye neqela lakhe yaba ngumfanekiso ububi Moby uDick (Moby uDick). Inkcazelo emfutshane ijolise iziganeko zenzeka nomhlobo Queequeg, wathi nguIshmayeli. Harpoon ukugula emsebenzini nzima zokulahla kwaye uziva afe ngokukhawuleza. Wacela uIshmayeli ukuba usenzele kuye iphenyane yomngcwabo apho umzimba wakhe wayeza kuba theku loo maza. Xa Queequeg phezu namaKaledi, iphenyane isigqibo ukwenza isefu ubomi.

Night Fedalla uxelela Captain isiprofeto ezoyikekayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ufe, uAhabhi wabona yomngcwabo ababini: omnye - sazenza isandla angaphezu, okwesibini - ukusuka amaplanga American. A umthetheli kungabangela ukufa kuphela hemp. Kodwa phambi kwalonto kufuneka kufa Fedalla. UAhabhi akakholelwa - emdala kakhulu ukuba emthini.

isilinganiselo

Ngakumbi nangakumbi ubungqina inqanawa leyo iyasondela indawo apho Moby uDick ubomi. Ushwankathe- yi sahluko sichaza isivunguvungu. Starbuck uyaqinisekisa ukuba umphathi izohamba ekufeni; kodwa akabanga nabuganga ukubulala uAhabhi, nxi trust.

Xa uqhwithela inqanawa udibana enye inqanawa - "URachel". Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa emxelela ukuba ngokushushu Moby Dick ngaphambili, wambuza ukuba ukunceda uAhabhi zikhangela nonyana wakhe oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, owathi wawexuleka kunye whaleboat. Noko ke, umthetheli "Pequod" uyala.

Ekugqibeleni, uthi esekude ibonwa le elisemqolo emhlophe. iintsuku ezintathu ekulandeleni isikhephe whale. Yaye "Pequod" kokunkwantyiswa kuye. Kodwa Moby Dick kwangoko kuze ayihlasele ukulunywa ezimbini captain whaleboat. Ngobunzima, uyakwazi ukusindisa. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa ilungele ukuqhubeka ezingela, kodwa zixhobo sele buyacutheka kubo.

Kusasa sentlanzi enkulu sperm ukubamba phezulu kwakhona. Moby uDick waphula whaleboat ezimbini ngaphezulu. Uphazamisa oomatiloshe eza ebhodini, kuye kucace ukuba ulahlekile Fedalla. UAhabhi waqalisa ukoyika, likhumbula esi siprofeto, kodwa ukushiya utshutshiso akakwazi.

Ngosuku lwesithathu

Usimema ukuba umphathi Moby uDick. Ushwankathe- zonke iintloko sinika umfanekiso izihlabo udakumbile, kodwa uAhabhi ekhathazeka kunye umnqweno wakhe. Keith kwakhona utshabalalisa whaleboats eziliqela yaye ezama ukuhamba, kodwa Ahabhi ngenqanawa enye indikhathaza kuye. Emva koko ke sperm amathuba kunye zeegusha "Pequod". Inqanawa iqala ukuya ezantsi. UAhabhi kuphosa harpoon yokugqibela whale ababuleweyo kakhulu kude yobunzulu uthwala Badidekile umthetheli hemp ngentambo. Inqanawa nofunda Nefaneli, kwakhona asitsala kunye whaleboat yokugqibela, apho uIshmayeli.

umphumela

UIshmayeli kuphela Abaseleyo lonke iqela senqanawa Melville. Moby uDick (isishwankathelo iyakuqinisekisa oko), iingxwelerha kodwa ningabadla waya ubunzulu bolwandle.

Umlinganiswa oyintloko ngokungummangaliso asinde. Ekuphela kwento abaseleyo enqanaweni - bakhathazekile kwaye itela lomngcwabo nomhlobo wakhe. Yaba ngalo mhla ulwakhiwo hero uphumeza elwandle evulekileyo, ade ayifumane oomatiloshe baphume emkhombeni "uRakeli." Umphathi le isitya kodwa enethemba ukufumana umntwana wakhe ebilahlekile.