Hoplites Greek: isikrweqe, photo. Ngoobani hoplites isiGrike?

E Sparta yamandulo amahashe isuke yaba yinto encinane kakhulu, ekubeni abahlali ingqalelo olu hlobo imikhosi nomoya. Umkhosi engundoqo nomkhosi (hoplites). kwezikhali yabo kwakuba ikhaka enzima, ikrele kunye incula elide.

hoplites Greek, Ngubani na lo?

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo ngembali yehlabathi lamandulo ziyilwe phantse ngokupheleleyo yongquzulwano ngezixhobo kunye iimfazwe zenkohlakalo. State nganye uya kuzama ukuba ezabo umkhosi kwabo kakuhle, yaye Greece, wayexakekile. Isambuku imikhosi zayo hoplites - angamajoni ahamba ngeenyawo kakhulu axhobileyo. Baya kuqala bavela umkhosi Sparta yamandulo. hoplites Greek, enyanisweni, ijoni-abemi besixeko-karhulumente, nto leyo kumiwa.

Ngelo xesha, inkonzo yasemkhosini yemini mntu. Ngoko ke, naziphi iindibano ummi ekugqibeleni ibuye ibe imbutho okanye sele bakhonza amagqala zabo, okanye kwinkonzo ngelo amajoni xesha. Kubonakala ukuba wonke ummi-nkqubo simahla, kungekudala okanye kamva baba hoplites.

Ndimele ndithi elihamba wofika bexhobile, ukususela kwinkulungwane VII, yaye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ezine ezalandelayo, alawula ledabi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba phambi kokuba uyise Aleksandra Makedonskogo, uKumkani Philip II, ezo hoplites aba sisiseko yokuhlasela zakudala.

E Greece yamandulo, elihamba yahlulwa ibe ziiyunithi ezininzi kwebhola. Iindyikitya xaxa, ngoko fuckers ngubani, naye, baye bohlulwa ziiyunithi ezincinane. Chiefs, abathetheli morami, ekuthiwa polemarch kunye iilekese - mikhosi.

izikhali

hoplites Greek Njalo naye amakhaka Argive okanye Aspis. Baye imilo ngeenxa kwaye ebunzima bungaphezu kweekhilogram 8 kg. An into umdla kukuba ngexesha ukubhabha amajoni into yokuqala belahla iiplanga zawo ngenxa ubunzima babo kakhulu, ngoko Aspis ilahleko yayigqalwa kulihlazo nayiphi hoplite. Zazisetyenziswa nje yokugubungela umzimba ngexesha ukulwa, kodwa nje lokukhwelisa, apho babekwa la maqabane iingxwelerha okanye abafileyo.

Ababhali-mbali abalinxulumanisa imvelaphi ibinzana odumileyo 'kunye ikhaka okanye phezu kwaso "nale isinxibo Greek. Aspis amaninzi kwakuba sikhokelo ngomthi phezu ngaphandle chipped intsimbi okanye iphepha ubhedu, kodwa ngaphakathi - wambu weemfele. Kwakufuneka nezibambo bekhululekile, nto leyo ipasisa esandleni legorha. Eyona isixhobo ezingundoqo hoplites baba Xiphos - mfutshane okanye mahayry ngqo - ezigoso amakrele kunye begoba umva. Ukongeza, ke nangoku bekufanele ukuba ukunxiba kunye ksistony - manzi ezintathu-nentshuntshe ophosayo.

production izixhobo

Ekuqaleni, urhulumente ongakhathaliyo ukhuseleko amajoni abo kunye nezixhobo sidlule umthetho ngako kuyo yonke hoplite Greek (BC 5 AD. E.) Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba ukuxhobisa ngemali yabo nangona iindleko ezipheleleyo uniform eninzi (malunga 30 amaqhosha esilivere). Esi sixa ifaniswa ingeniso yenyanga yomsebenzi wezandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngoko izixhobo zexabiso ilifa.

Hi ndlela leyi, imveliso yayo eGrisi yamandulo zasasazeka kakhulu kule nkqubo, kodwa kwiilali ezincinane, ukuba amazwe kwezinye iindawo. Ngexesha Pericles eAtene esebenza workshop kahle esikhulu, apho benza iibhodi mveliso. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba imveliso enkulu abasakhasayo Greece yamandulo. Isebenzisa amakhoboka malunga 120 kwaye inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo abemi simahla.

hoplite Zempi Greek

Ekuqaleni, amajoni ayenxiba phezu kweentloko zabo iihelmethi Illyrian, okanye bowling. Zazenziwe ngobhedu zinokuhonjiswa isiqhova of horsehair. Zazisetyenziswa ukusuka VII ukuya VI. BC. e., ade indawo yi laseKorinte. iminqwazi ezintsha zavalwa ngokupheleleyo yaye imingxuma kuphela amehlo kunye umlomo. Ngaphandle empini zidla lutshintshelwe emva entloko. Kamva, kwakukho nesigcina chalcidian ukuba ndashiyeka, iindlebe. Ngo II. BC. e. ethandwa kakhulu ke Thracian - kunye xitsunga encinci, intw 'naschechnikami wabaza kunye nemibhalo.

iqhawe ezinamathele ngaphambili kunye umva ezikhuselweyo isigcina yokwakheka - gippotoraks. Amaninzi, yena ubunzima malunga 1 italente (malunga nama-34 kg), kodwa amanye amajoni isikrweqe kabili enzima. Ekuhambeni kwexesha gippotoraks ngcembe waqalisa indawo lula ngakumbi ukhetho - a isikrweqe yelinen, ebizwa linothorax.

Ngaba akhuselwe kwaye namanye amalungu omzimba. Ngoko ke, lo hoplites isiGrike enxibe zeembande - knimidami kunye bracers asetyenziswa kude kube phakathi V apha. BC. e. Ubungqina oku zezona zakudala ezininzi ifumana yafunyanwa zizazinzulu kwi the Peloponnesian lizwe. zifakwe abaninzi kunye nezinye izinto zasekhaya badla vsrechalis umfanekiso apho Greek Hoplite (ifoto isiqwengana isikepe eboniswe ngezantsi) uyawalwela iingalo omnye utshaba.

Uguqulo empini

I-V VII ngo. BC. e. yokuguqula isikrweqe weighting Hoplite yaqhutywa. Kungenzeka, manyathelo mani athathiweyo ukusindisa ubomi ngamajoni, njengoko umkhosi Spartan ngelo xesha yayiquka yokufa 8 kuphela, yaye kancinane ngaphezulu kwe-4 amawaka. Isosha.

Noko ke, ukususela embindini ka-V apha. BC. e. amajoni Greek ngubo kwadalwa: isikrweqe yelinen waqala nyanzela sifuba yokwakheka. Phantse wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo kunye bracers. Isizathu yaba utshintsho ekwakhiweni-mkhosi. Kuye ashinyeneyo ngakumbi yaye zinzulu, kwaye kabini inani lamajoni iiyunithi. Kuphela inani yomkhosi Spartan wahlala ayitshintshanga - 144 ekungxoleni nganye. Ngenxa utshintsho kwisakhiwo gawula kusehla ngaphantsi rhoqo, ngoko ke izandla amajoni akalithobelanga phantsi kumngcipheko yokuba yahlukana. Ngoku kakhulu kusetyenziswa lihlaba izixhobo, ngoko umkhonto elide ukusuka kwiimitha ezi-3 ukuya ku-6. Ngoko ke hoplites yamaGrike baqalisa ukuba ibe sarissoforov - angamajoni ahamba ngeenyawo, yenza isiseko le phalanges.

amasiko

Ngokwesiqhelo, yiSparta zaye onyuka inyanga epheleleyo, naphambi ukuba ngumlawuli wabo lusoloko amadini ithamsanqa labo. Umkhosi usoloko wathwala umlilo athathwe Sparta, apho kwakufuneka kuphembelela imililo ngoku uhamba kubingelela. Ngaphezu koko, ngo umfanekiso bebanjwe yaye wamwola Dioscuri. Bona obumntwisiweyo umanyano emaqandeni akanye-in-iingalo yaye zilungele ukuba amadoda Spartan.

emkhosini Greek phantse kusoloko kukho imilo setyhula kwaye vika kakuhle helots. I kufuneka bathi phakathi nemikhankaso yiSparta banxiba njengoko kulindelekile kakhulu. Endaweni ingubo eqhelekileyo somchako ezirhabaxa bakudinisa iingubo ezimfusa, kodwa endaweni iipaka - kukhanya izikhali cleaner. amajoni Engena edabini, ayenxiba ngezidanga, ngathi ukulungiselela kwiholide.

Ubume yomkhosi

Abantu babemise nje kuphela hoplites zamaGrike. Ngoobani peltasts kunye bayirhawula abasawuli, owanceda yiSparta edabini, uya kufunda kuyo. Ekubeni amaGrike ingqalelo amahashe ndingento yanto, amahashe ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa kuphela ukuthuthwa amajoni atyebileyo ukuya edabini. Ngoko ke, ngaloo mihla, ukongeza elihamba enzima (hoplites), kwaba sekunjalo nowobulali, ebandakanya kubantu abampofu kunye namakhoboka. Le yokugqibela, nangona ubukho bakhe wakukhonza kwakukho amadoda onokuwathemba ngokwaneleyo, sinyanisekile iinkosi zabo.

hoplite nganye yaba wekhoboka eyamncedayo ukuba kwizixhobo. Ngokulwa kwakukho bayirhawula abasawuli ezigugileyo kunye nengxowa ngelaphu nodongwe elinesibini eziliqela okanye eziba ilitye sangqa-40 cm. Kananjalo ke ibhanti loop olulodwa babonelelwa ukuqina. Oku kwaba ngenkwitshi. Its ngobungcali uethe phezu kwentloko yakhe, uze ke uhambe. Undoqo wayisusa ngesantya esiphezulu senxulumano kwaye ukudlula utshaba, abanye benzakala elibi iindawo ezivulekileyo omzimba.

kwangulamntu

axhobe kwenkcula Peltasts ekuthiwa elihamba ukukhanya. Bona aqeshwa ukusuka kwinani ebizwa phezulu kubantu abampofu, abangazange bafumane ithuba lokufumana izixhobo kunye nezikrweqe hoplite. Kuyenzeka ukuba amanye wawo bathenga isinxibo isixeko.

Peltasts baphosa izixhobo zabo kumgama omalunga-15 m. Abazange mfuneko eninzi ibaleka, njengoko bazenze zambi ixesha uthathe ithuba nje ambalwa ngexesha elifutshane de utshaba uyeza n'wina. Ndimele nditsho ukuthi namkhonto nje isixhobo yaba eziyingozi kakhulu ngaphezu utolo, njengoko zingangeni Ikhaka utshaba, wanamathela kulo, eyenza kube prodelyvat nzima nayiphi izakhi olukhuselayo.

ukulolonga umzimba kunye noqeqesho

Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, la hoplites Greek - athathwe ukuba akwazi ukugcina umyalelo ngexesha intshukumo, nkqu izakhono zobugcisa ikarati nga lo mbuzo. Kakade ke, siya kucinga ukuba abemi ezamahala Sizibandakanye kwezinye uhlobo umthambo, kodwa ukusebenza ekuphuculeni emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi emva kokuba ebudaleni oqolileyo ngakumbi, kwakunye nabalimi babengenawo ithuba okanye amandla.

Enye into yiSparta. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, ngamnye kubo wafundisa ngamachule okulwa imfazwe. Babesazi ukuba balwe njani, yaye uyazingca ngayo. hoplites Spartan wayengazi nje kuphela ukubamba ngayo ngokugqibeleleyo emgceni, oko kwabanceda flutists kodwa ngobuchule wakhokelela umlo n'wina. Baba phantse amajoni intle kwihlabathi lamandulo.

300 yiSparta

Singatsho kakuhle ukuba indima engundoqo ukukhusela imizi yabo evela imikhosi utshaba zidlala ngayo Hoplite Greek. 480 BC. e. - ixesha xa ukumkani enkulu wasePersi, umkhosi ayilwa wawela ecutheneyo ahlasela intsimi yomnye umntu. Greece Kwanyanzeleka ukuba aziphendulele. umkhosi wayo mdibi bezibandakanya iiyunithi hoplites wathuma imizi elishumi elinamnye, ekwakukho phakathi Sparta. Ukuthintela qhubela lutshaba kwelizwe, amaGrike bazama ukuvala esi sicatshulwa nemxinwa Thermopylae. Kuba iintsuku ezimbini bakwazi ukubetha imikhosi awongamileyo yamaPersi, kodwa ukungcatshwa omnye balapho, ochithe amabutho esitha ukuba abavikeli esa, akazange anikezele naliphi na ithuba lokuphumelela. Zonke umkhosi yamaGrike lweMedia, ngaphandle angamakhulu amathathu yiSparta kunye namanye amaqela amabini - i Thebans kunye Thespians, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, isantya nayo kwiNgxowa yotshaba.

YiSparta ayazi ukuba yabangela ukulwa, kodwa akazange avunyelwe ukuba arhoxise umthetho kunye nembeko. Apha, e Thermopylae, bammela ilizwe labo - Opuntskuyu Locris kunye Boeotia, kwafuneka ngalo Kwathi umkhosi wasePersi. hoplites anesibindi akazange abhenele wafa, nokuba idabi olungalinganiyo.

Ixesha ekugqibeleni ihamba phambili, kodwa imbali sisasetyenziswayo walondoloza ubungqina elingenakuphikiswa ubukho isixeko simahla Sparta kunye namajoni nemizabalazo yakhe elikhuselayo ilizwe labo ezintshabeni. ubuqhawe lwabo nangoku kuyanconywa ngabantu abaninzi, kunye nabalawuli abadumileyo adubule iifilimu ngazo. Ukongeza, phantse nayiphi na ivenkile apho kukho isebe kundikhumbuza, ndiqinisekile kukho ubuncinane isafobe ngokwanelisayo efanelekileyo ngezinto hoplite ZesiGrike isinxibo elihle ngokungaqhelekanga.