Luthambe ebango kunye nonikezelo

Ezinjalo Iimpawu zoqoqosho ezifana nemfuneko, ubonelelo kunye kumaxabiso iimpawu emarikeni. Kuyinto intsebenziswano yabo futhi yakha nendlela kwimarike, leyo amelwe njenge yeemanyano abathengi nabathengisi ukwenza unikezelo kunye nemfuno yempahla.

Ngenxa yoko, elibango ugqibe inani elithile iimveliso, ukuthenga apho umthengi ethile nganye ngexabiso iziphawuli efanayo kangangexesha elithile. Iingongoma eziphambili kule nkcazelo zezi: ubukho isikali ngexabiso elithile kwaye kukho ixesha elithile. Ngenxa utshintsho namaxabiso wabuza. Yiyo le ngxelo kwaye ichaza umthetho ebango.

Isindululo ungaboniswa ngokohlobo umthamo othile imveliso ukulungele ukwenza iziko yeshishini omiliselo oluqhubekayo ngexabiso elimisiweyo evela kwinani elithile amaxabiso kwixesha elithile.

Umthetho okhoyo ezidluliswa iyakwazi ukubonisa ubudlelwane ngqo kwezindululo ukutshintsha ixabiso. Ngamanye amazwi, amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu negalelo ekubeni umenzi isithembiso kwiimveliso zabo, yaye ephantsi - phezu koko, asezantsi. Xa isigqibo ekuvelisweni imveliso ethile, iziko ishishini unyanzelekile ukuba ukuthelekisa rhoqo ixabiso iyunithi nganye nakwindleko yalo.

Igama elithi "luthambe lonikezelo kunye nemfuno ngexabiso" inxulumene ngqo kweemfuno iimveliso ezithile, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba amaxabiso zabo. Yiyo loo nto ke luthambe ixabiso kwemfuneko kunye unikezelo ibonisa ukuxhomekeka yabathengi zokutshintsha amaxabiso le. Ukuze umlinganiselo lomlingani yayo ehambisana iyasetyenziswa.

'Ngumlingani ka luthambe unokuyixela le pesenti ukutshintsha ubukhulu kwemfuneko imveliso xa utshintsho zawo ixabiso nge-1 ekhulwini.

Luthambe yemfuno kunye beze ibalwa indlela kulandelayo:

EP = (-ΔQd (%)) / (ΔP (%)),

apho EP - luthambe yemfuno kunye nonikezelo ngokunxulumene ixabiso;

ΔQd - utshintsho imfuno okanye yonikezelo (ixabiso zibe ipesenti);

ΔP - utshintsho inani (ixabiso zibe ipesenti).

Ukuba ngqondweni amaxabiso xa kuthelekiswa le fomyula ehambelana, lo luthambe kwaneliswe imfuno na kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

EP = ((Q1 - Q0) / (Q1 + Q0)): ((P1 - P0) / (P1 + P0)),

apho Q1, Q0 - ubonelelo okanye imfuno ngaphambi nasemva kokuba ukutshintsha ixabiso;

P1, P0 - ixabiso, athathwe ngaphambi nasemva kokuba utshintsho.

Ngokwandisa ixabiso umthamo imfuno ebegqwese lifinyele. Ukuze siphephe amaxabiso akhabanayo kwifomula ngasentla, ixabiso lomlingani kufuneka athathe amaxabiso epheleleyo.

Xa imfuno kunye nonikezelo elasticities ngaphezu kwesinye, ukwanda kwemfuno ebangwayo kwaye ulandule nayiphi zinika amazinga ngokukhawuleza. Ixabiso le ratio lingaphantsi kwe omnye kuthetha inelasticity kwemfuno, apho ukuhla okanye unikezelo kunye nemfuno nokukhula elicothayo ekuphumeni ukutshintsha ixabiso.

Factor ubunye - ogqibeleleyo ukhetho na kuqoqosho oluphawula imali eseleyo iyonke zonke iinkqubo kwezoqoqosho zikarhulumente.

Kwakhona kwizifundo yeengcingane, kukho umba "ingundoqo inelastic" (ukuba inguqu ixabiso iBhayibhile ithetha naluphi na utshintsho konikezelo okanye imfuno, umlinganiselo ilingana no0), kwaye "luthambe elililo kwaneliswe nemfuno" (lokutshintsha imfuno encinane ngokwaneleyo intengo kunye sipho inabela yokungapheli).

Ukuqwalaselwa 'ngumlingani ka luthambe bekuya kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba awufuni ingqalelo imiba echaphazela kwi luthambe kwemfuno kunye nonikezelo, ezizezi:

- ubukho analogue (substitutes ngokuba baninzi imveliso yokuqala, loo okubuyela kwimo yokuba ifunwa kakhulu);

- isabelo iimpahla kuselwe (womxhuzulane ezithile osezantsi, inowuthi luthambe kwaneliswe isidingo);

- ixabiso kwengeniso;

- udidi yeempahla (nokuba ekuso impahla ubunewunewu - ifuneka ilastiki, okanye izinto ezibalulekile ezingenanto - kukho inelasticity ebango).