I-Biological regress kumzekelo wezinye izityalo nezilwanyana

I-paleontology yabonisa ukuba ezininzi zeentlobo ezazikhona ngaphambili zaphela ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubela phambili kunye ne-regress kwimvelo yimiqondo echaseneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, iindidi zikhula kwaye zisasaze emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyintlangano yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ebonakaliswe ngendawo yokuhlala, ukuncipha kwinani labantu ngenxa yokungakwazi ukulungelelanisa. Le nkqubo ihambelana nokunciphisa inani leqela elilodwa ngenxa yeengcinezelo kubo ngabanye, kunye nokunyamalala kwezilwanyana.

Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kubandakanya ngokulahlekelwa kwamandla okuphila ukuba aguqule ukuguqula imeko.

Le ntshukumo iyinto ebonakalayo yezinto eziphilayo, izidalwa zabantu eziphilayo kunye nezidalwa ezihlala emaphandleni okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kunokuqwalaselwa ngumzekelo weepasasites - iiforms. Kwinkqubo yokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo, zenziwe zilula izitho zengqondo, inkqubo yokugaya inyama, inkqubo yesantya. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho izilungelelaniso ezahlukeneyo (izitshixo, ama-suckers kunye nabanye) kubalulekile ukugcina umphathi emathunjini. Ngokomzekelo, i-crustacean ibhinqa, ekhokelela indlela yokuphila, ilahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo yonke impawu ye-arthropods, igcina kuphela umsebenzi wokubeka amaqanda. Ukuphazamisa umzimba wenkunzi emzimbeni womntu unako ukuvelisa amaqanda ayizigidi ezilishumi elinesibhozo evikelwe ngumzimba wommkeli. Ngako oko, ezi mphubu zibhekwa njengezona zininzi.

Ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyimpawu zezityalo. Njengokuba ziphila kwizinto eziphilayo, ukuphuhliswa kwazo okutshintshiselwayo kuhlobene ngokusondeleyo kwipasasitism. Ngokomzekelo, kukho i-broomrape yesityalo. Ihamba ngeengcambu kwi-root system ye-sunflower, i-clover, i-hemp. I-Zarazikha ineziqu ezinobumnyama, kwaye amaqabunga ayo e-scaly ayinayo i-chlorophyll. Zifakwe kwisigxina sesinye isityalo ngoncedo lwabashushu kunye nokuncelisa izondlo kumzimba womncedisi.

Kwizilwanyana ezihlala zingenasiphako ebomini, ilungu lemiqathango yokunyakaza ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha lelo xesha. Baye bancitshitshisa i-chord yabo. Kwizinto ezinjalo, ngokukodwa, yi-pogonophora - ummeli woluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwe-brachyate. Aba bantu abafani kakhulu nezilwanyana. Bahlala kulwandle kwaye bahlala bengenasiphako. I-Pogonophora inentliziyo kunye nengqondo, nangona kunjalo, isisu kwaye umlomo wayo uncishisiwe. Iintente ziyamalungu okuphefumula. Ngaphakathi, kuneenwele ezinde, ezibonelelwa ngemithambo yegazi. Kancinci ziqokelela ii-microorganms. Xa (i-micro-organisms) ziba zininzi, i-epipharypie iqinisa iinwele ngaphakathi. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zee-enzymes ezikhethekileyo, izinto ezincinci ziguguzwa kwaye zithathwa ngaphakathi. Ubukho bomathumbu obomvu bubonisa ubungqina beli lungu kwiokhokho zePogonophora. Kodwa ngokunxulumene nenyaniso yokuba inkqubo yokugaya igalelo yenziwa ngaphandle komzimba, izitho zendlela yokutya zancitshiswa.

Ukulawulwa kwezilwanyana ezihlala phantsi komhlaba okanye emaphandleni kunokuqwalaselwa ngokusebenzisa umzekelo weprotea. Lo ngummeli weklasi ye-amphibian, efana ne-newt. Esi silwanyana siphila emaphandleni. Ekhanda lakhe emacaleni omabini anemigodi yangaphandle. Iproteus inokuphefumula kokubili emanzini nasemhlabeni. Kwimeko yokuqala, usebenzisa izigulane, kwaye kwisibini - imiphunga. Ekubeni i-Proteus ihlala emaphandleni aphantsi, inomfanekiso wenyoka. Umzimba wakhe ucocekile, unombabala, awunayo iingubo. Kubantu abadala, izitho zombono zihlanganiswe ngesikhumba, izibungu zinamehlo ahlazo. Kukho amabini amabini eenxalenye ezingaphantsi kwengqondo kumzimba weproteus.

Utshintsho lwezofuzo luyisiseko sezofuzo zokutshintshwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezikhokelela ekwenzeni lula kwinqanaba lombutho.

Ekuphuhlisweni kwehlabathi eliphilayo kukho iindlela ezintathu. I-Aromorphosis ibonakalisa ukwanda kwinqanaba lokubambisana kwezinto eziphilayo. I-radiadaptation iyilungelelaniso kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ngaphandle kweenguqu ezibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo sezinto eziphilayo. Ukuguqulwa okuqhelekileyo kukulula kwinqanaba lezinto eziphilayo.