I-Ethology - isayensi yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana

Umntu wenzelwa ukugcina ukuziphatha kwezilwanyana, ukuzama ukuqonda nokucacisa ulwimi lwabo. Kukho isayensi ekhethekileyo malunga nokuziphatha kwezilwanyana. Ngawo kunye nezinto ezifundwayo ziya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

Yiyiphi inzululwazi yophando lwezilwanyana?

Ukuziphatha kwezilwanyana kwindlela yokujonga ngayo iziseko ze-biological, ukulungiswa kwesilwanyana kwindawo yokuhlala kufundiswa yi-ethology. Igama lesiGrike lithetha "ukufundwa komlingiswa." Le yenzululwazi yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana kwiimeko zendalo. Abantu, bafunda ngokuziqhelanisa nemikhwa yezilwanyana, i-ethologists, bahlawule ngokukodwa ukuziphatha ngokuzimeleyo. Baphinde bafunde ezo zihlobo zokuziphatha kwezilwanyana ezichazwe ngamava aqokelelwe kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwembali. Ukususela kwixesha leziseko zezoologists uK. Lorenz noN. Tinbergen, isayensi yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana ibeka yona imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukuchonga izizathu zokuziphatha kwezilwanyana;
• Ukufunda indlela isenzo sokuziphatha esenzeka ngayo ekuphuhlisweni komntu ngamnye;
• Ukufumana ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani kubomi belo lwanyana;
• Ukuqonda indlela ukuziphatha kwezenzo ezenzeka ngayo.

Imibuzo ye-ethology icacile, kwaye iimpikiswano zivela malunga neendlela zophando. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa, kwaye zininzi zazo, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba zifezekise kuphela kwiimeko zendalo. Umbono wenkxaso yabalandeli be-anthropogenic ethology incitshiswa ukuba ivume ilungelo lokugcina izilwanyana kwimimandla yoluntu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba i-ethology inelungelo lokusebenzisa iindlela zokuhlola i-zoopsychology: ukulolonga, ukulinga, iimvavanyo.

Ukuziphatha kwezilwanyana

I-Ethologists ihlola ukuziphatha njengendlela yokusebenzisana ngezilwanyana kunye nehlabathi elijikelezayo. Ukuziphatha kuthatha nawuphi na umsebenzi oboniswa ngumntu. Kuchazwa ngamagama amabini: impendulo engamanyeneyo kunye nendlela yokuziphatha yezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kweengcamango kubonisa ukuphendula okuhlangeneyo. Indlela yokuziphatha yezinto eziphilayo isenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ehambelana nezigaba zobomi, umzekelo, ukutya, ukukhusela, uphando, abazali kunye nabanye.

Ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa kwezilwanyana kwimeko yendalo, inzululwazi yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana imisele ukuba, umzekelo, izinja zidla ukutya okumanzi kunye namanzi amile, kunye neziqwenga ezinzima zilala phantsi, ukuziphatha kokutya. Ukunyamekela inzala yabo phakathi kweebhere ze-polar, xa ibhere lihlala ixesha elimbalwa kunye neenkubhu kwi-den, liyabondla, likhupha iimpahla zazo, ziqwalasela ukuziphatha kwabazali.

Ziyiphi na iimbono ze-ethologists?

Ulwazi olusisiseko luyimfuneko, ngokukodwa, ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana. Iindlela ezisetyenziswe ngaba-orthogists emsebenzini zenza kube lula ukuba iinkcukacha ezikhoyo malunga nezilwanyana, ukukhulisa iingcamango malunga nokuziphatha kwazo.

Inzululwazi yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana inikeza ulwazi oluyimfuneko ekunyeleni kwezilwanyana. Ukuqwalaselwa kweenkolelo zamabhinqa abantwana kuvumela abalimi ukuba baqaphele xa kuhanjelwa iindleko. Ngokomzekelo, ekuboneni ukuba inkomo iye yahlala ihlala, ihlala ishintsha indawo, izama ukuthatha umhlalaphantsi, umfuyi uyaqonda ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukubonakala kwilungu elitsha kwifama. Ukuqwalaselwa kwendlela yokuziphatha kwamahashe kubonisa ubunzima obunzima bezilwanyana. Umlimi okanye umqeqeshi kufuneka acinge ngolwazi olunokholo, olubonisa ukuba amahashe akhetha kakhulu abantu. Bayasabela ngokuthembela kunye nokuthobela kuphela abo bazinyamekelayo, bahloniphe kwaye badumisa.

Ngaphandle kolwazi olunzulu, abaqeqeshi banzima. Idatha ngokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwizilwanyana, ezinika i-ethology (isayensi yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana), vumela ukuphepha izingozi. Ngoko, ukubona ukuphazamiseka nokungahambi kakuhle kwegor, umqeqeshi uyancancisa irhamncwa ukuze ihlasele. Xa usebenza kunye ne-huskies, umqeqeshi kufuneka acinge ngemiphumo ye-ethology, ebonisa ukuba ezi zilwanyana azinalo mpendulo - zibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza inkohlakalo-isenzo esiphezulu sokuphendula.

Ukuqwalasela okuthandayo

Ezinye iimboniselo zezilwanyana zinomdla kakhulu.

• Ukuba ii-otters zilele emanzini ngamanzi kwaye zibambe iintambo zabo, ngoko zilele.
• Amantombazana-amakhwenkwe ekudlalweni kunye namantombazana-amantombazana ahlala elahleka ngokukhethekileyo, abanike ithuba lokuvuya ngokuphumelela.
• Kukho izilwanyana, umzekelo, iiprotheni, ezithatha ukukhutshwa kwentsha yowesifazane.
• Ienkomo zihlobo lokwenene. Bayakwazi ukuba ngabahlobo, kunye nomhlobo bachithe ixesha elininzi, bathethe naye, bamnyamekele.