Kulikovo Field phi? Museum "Kulikovo Field"

Yonke intliziyo Russian eninzi Kulikovo Field, indawo apho kwakukho omnye iimfazwe ezininzi kakhulu ukuba ukuzimela kwelizwe lethu. Kuye uyaphule intsomi invincibility ye ingxokolo Mongol, mthinjwa, kudala kwabanjwa abantu abaninzi awayengabemi Eurasia.

Ngokuphathelele nentlekele Ukraine iyaziwa zombini, Odessa kaThixo Kulikovo Field. Buyintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe ende yexesha kunye ukufa abantu abamsulwa izandla bezwe? Ngokucacileyo, phambi ubuqaba silwe nokubuza buthathaka kakhulu ekuqaleni krwaqu inyaniso amandla.

Ukunqulwa kwamagorha kwi Petrine ngexesha

Ngokwesithethe Russian ukudala sisikhumbuzo emkhosini esabekwa umlawuli wokuqala uPeter Omkhulu. sivala Building akuzange kumthintele ukumkani atyelele kwindawo edabini odumileyo, leyo aphawula ukuqala yokumanya kumazwe Russian. Ehlathini oki eminyaka ubudala eluhlaza, ekugawuleni imithi apho umyalelo liphezulu eyalelweyo, waza waba Russian nature reserve kuqala. Le lesikhumbuzo ophilayo yaba amanqugwala apho wonke ngokuthanda nga kugoba feat yeMinyanya. De loo mzuzu, izinto eziphathekayo kuphela, sifunda isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala, izinto ezingcwele zazisele kubalimi komhlaba. Abahlala ngubani waseka elalini (mioki Green Tatinskie amazibuko, Red Hill kunye Don) ngexesha lokulima ngokufuthi ndifumana iingceba ngamakrele, amakhaka, yotolo kunye Umnqamlezo amaqhawe wathabatha ukulwa lokugqibela. Kwaye kwakukho amabali, iintsomi kunye iintsomi memory, isuka kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ukwanda lokuqonda yesizwe, ezenzeka emva kokuba lihlaselwe Napoleonic, wavusa abantu iinkumbulo zoloyiso elidlulileyo. Ndandingakwazi kuhlala kude nesixeko elizukileyo gunsmiths - Tula. Kulikovo endle kwaba nehlonelwayo. Ngenxa yemigudu koogunyaziwe wephondo, ngoncedo abefundisi, abarhwebi kunye nenkxaso ethandwa apha saqalisa ukwakha izakheko kuqala, a feat immortalized squad nguDmitry Donskoy. Ntlandlolo ukuba ukhawule ezinkulu zokwakha-isikali, waba injongo mbini: ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi amaqhawe imfazwe yokugqibela kunye umsebenzi eqhuba ukhenketho kunye namabali malunga zakudala kunye nezenzo ezilindelekileyo, kwaye phambili imemori ye-nxaxheba edabini, leyo ngaphezu emine ngaphezu kwekhulu. Ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo isicwangciso ayizange iphumelele ngenxa yokungabi namali.

Iitempile ezikhumbuzo zenkulungwane yokugqibela

Kuphela 1850, intsimi Kulikovo, hayi kanye mandithi, Red Hill, ihonjiswe kunye lesikhumbuzo A. P. Bryullova - obelisk sakhiwe imbeko nguDmitry Donskoy. lesikhumbuzo element Enye wokuzalwa of the Virgin, kwadalwa AG Bocharnikova phantse amabini eminyaka, kwaye kwagqitywa ngo-1884. Kodwa ezikhumbuzo eziphambili Orthodox, ibandla Sergiya Radonezhskogo, igqibe lomculo ngo-1917. Emva koko, amashumi amaninzi, le ndawo engcwele elaqala zisabonakala. Urhulumente omtsha yamaBolshevik wayengekho ukuya amaqhawe zaphawula adlulileyo, anele yabo ...

Indlela zesayensi

Yintoni Kulikovo endle odumileyo? kummandla Tula, ngaphakathi kabani ummandla isiganeko ngokwezembali gqira zenkulungwane lokugqibela ezingalibalekiyo waba kwisiza zembiwa izifundo, leyo kunye nezinye izinto sele ekhoyo bavunyelwe ukuba ukunika inkcazo olusekelwe kubungqina ikhosi edabini, izigaba zawo, uze uchonge iindawo amadabi kakhulu. Ngoku izazinzulu ngezinga eliphezulu lilonke yaziwa, indima edlalwe kwimbali Kulikovo Field. Museum (Tula Studies zoMmandla) ukuba balungiselele imiboniso ngexesha elifanayo wavula isebe ezizodwa zomsebenzi ophathiswe ngqo: ukuchonga esekele hypothesis kakhulu anokubakho ekuqaleni iziganeko Septemba 1380. Kwakungekho lula, kodwa mbali baye.

indawo ukulwa

Kubume iindawo apho Kulikovo Field, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane litshintshile kakhulu. Ukuze ukubuyisela imeko 1830, kwaba yimfuneko ukuphinda-ukudala ngalo iimephu kunye nemizekelo. Zonke kwinkulungwane edluleyo wenza kwamahlathi, umhlaba, ukulahleka, uncedo endaweni ephantsi. Nepryadva and Don waba ezincinane, nayo leyo nithiywe ngokutsha. Kanti ke, cinga umfanekiso kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokunjalo ukubuyisela izicwangciso ezithile Dmitriya Donskogo.

Ibhunga kwesicwangciso nemfazwe

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Kulikovo Field kubekwe iikhilomitha ezintlanu ukusuka kwidolophana langoku Monastyrshchino. Ukusuka kwindawo umkhosi lwembono, indawo ekhethiweyo. Sisazi ukuba indlela oluthandayo ingxokolo Mongol-Tatar yaba sebenzo jikelele, Russian Prince wagxothwa kuye elutshabeni kunokwenzeka ezikhalini ekhusela zombini emihlubulweni imiqobo amanzi - imilambo Tar eseZantsi Dubik. Noko ke, kusiza ephambili lokumlalela webutho, ukryvshemsya e Green Dubrava. Kuye kwasekwa evela zamaqhawe ekhethiweyo.

intsimi Kulikovo mkhulu, kunye indawo ezikwere zeekhilomitha ngaphezu mathathu, kodwa umonakalo engundoqo utshaba kwenziwa icandelo encinane kuyo - ezingamakhulu amathathu anamakhulu amahlanu eemitha.

Kodwa phambi kokuba isicwangciso ivuthiwe Committe, kwakukho ibhunga wamajoni, apho yazinyaswa neyamabamba nabathetheli. Abanye babo, silindele iingxaki ezinxulumene kunye nokunyanzela Don, wacela ukuba athathe ukuziphendulela phezu kodonga lasekhohlo, ngaphandle kokuba ndiyoyisile le ingozi amanzi. On le Prince nguDmitry wanika impendulo ukuba baphile lithathelwe mihla le: "Kungcono ukuba ukuya kulwa nemikhosi yentshembenxa ngaphezu uyeza, ebengenakwenza nto. Namhlanje, Makhe ndiye kuba Don, kwaye entloko apho abazalwana bethu! ".

Ukulwa ayavunwa ayifane ngenxa isicwangciso, kodwa eli xesha, phantse bonke boyisakala. Uphi ngoku kumi lali Tatinkom, zakhiwa iibhulorho, nabamahashe bafumana amazibuko. Kwathi ngobusuku September 8, wakwazi ukuba bagcine kuyimfihlo.

Ngaphambi kokuba impi, Prince akazange alale nguDmitry, waxelela amajoni ukuba silwe ngobukroti, yaye akazange nanceba ngokwakhe. ekuseni inkungu yaba zilwe zinqwnqwadelwe kwicala kwizikhundla ezintathu. Elihamba webutho phambili ke ngoko kwakhiwa butho enkulu (ekuxabeleni amandla engundoqo), ukuba nguDmitry umthetho ngokobuqu. Kwakukho ilungiselelo eyenzelwe ukuxhasa indlela apho kuya kubakho imeko kakhulu. Ingabonakali in green oki reserve butho phantsi umyalelo lerhuluneli Bobrok kunye Vladimira Serpuhovskogo bajamelana indima ekhethekileyo. Ukususela izenzo labo belisondliwa yonke ubomi squad kunye nguDmitry.

Utshaba kunye nemikhosi yakhe

Mamay wafudukela kancinci, eqinisekile ngamandla komkhosi wakhe. Kwaba ezininzi kwaye idlule zamandla phikisa rusichi. Kwakhona waba ngokunxulumene kumaqela Tartars encedisayo Olega Ryazanskogo kunye Grand INkosana Lithuania Jogaila. Iyure phambi Emini vanguard, ababandakanya mercenaries ngamaRoma, baya Kulikovo entsimini waza wathabatha ukuma phambi phambi yomkhosi Russian. Wabukela zigcwalisa Red Hill umama, musa kwangaphambili naziphi na iingxaki kunye izimanga. Ngokwemveli, kummandla cala phakathi amajoni yaba amaqhawe best karate. AmaTatar wabeka Chelubey nxamnye Russian monk Peresvet. Nemikhosi wayelingana, akukho namnye wayefuna kunikezela, ngokubulala iqhawe ezimbini. Kwaye ke waqala ...

A Sound wokulwa

Ukunqgubana emfazweni ngenxa mbali ixesha elide baye bagwetywa elowo inkcazelo yayo kwi "Transdoniad" - uxwebhu ebhalwe ngumbhali ayaziwa, mhlawumbi, ngokukhawuleza emva kwemfazwe, okanye kancinci emva koko. yokungqubana Frontal imikhosi ezimbini kwenzeka esinamanani amakhulu amaxhoba efanayo. butho Advanced kokupheliswa kunye isabhokhwe ezifana nefula, ngoko ibilithuba webutho Big, oko kukuthi imikhosi main Russian. Relegating kwicala engundoqo yokuhlaselwa ephangweni ngasekhohlo, nangezinto eyayimxinile ku Nepryadva zisongele network. Mamai wayevakalelwa kukuba kokoyisa kwakhe kukufuphi, kodwa ke, ngokwesicwangciso Committe, hit abalaleli webutho, ibangela uvalo zibaleke utshaba. Russian AmaTatar landela, besaphula kanobom. Emva kokufunda yembulalo, basaba yaye kulindeleke Mamai njengamahlakani, akazange athelele edabini.

heroes Iwile bamngcwaba iintsuku ezisibhozo. EMoscow Waloyisa, ukuhlangabezana abaphumeleleyo nge-1 Oktobha. NguDmitry Prince wafumana "Don" isihloko.

On nemiba yobugcisa

Abanezakhono kwi Amaqhinga umphathi uyakufanelekela yentlonelo, kodwa zephephandaba olumkileyo yedwa buchopho ngokulufaneleyo isihloko. Ngokujonga nje imaphu eRashiya, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqonda oko kwakuthetha ntoni imbali Kulikovo intsimi yethu. Tula kummandla ngaphakathi kwimida yayo ngoku kwindlela ukusuka iVolga ukuya emntla-mpuma lizwe. Kugxila kummandla Kolomna enkulu kwimbali imikhosi yamajoni eRashiya, Prince nguDmitry wagqiba ukulwa umva Mama, ndithembe ukuba ndiya kubohlwaya recalcitrant eMoscow ngenxa yokwala ukuhlawula irhafu kwaye ayeke ekulandeleni yalo sokufumana inkululeko epheleleyo.

Hlokondiba belungiselela "uhambo enkulu 'ukusuka iziphumo kwakuxhomekeke ngekamva imikhosi karhataka, i AmaTatar Kwakumi ngokuqinileyo kakhulu. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba bakwazi ukufumana olungcono Kulikovo, kwiphulo lwezohlwayo wayeza udlule nokucingela inkohlakalo lalinamandla. Ngale ndlela, uloyiso nguDmitry Donskoy babenxiba ngumlinganiswa qhinga, evula kwimbono Russian nembali.

Kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje,

Ngowe-1980, xa bebhiyozela isikhumbuzo edabini enkulu kwiinkulungwane ezintandathu, kuye labuyiselwa ecaweni Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Lo mhla ibekelwe ixesha kunye mboniso, eyayibanjelwe lali Monastyrshchino. abasebenzi abaninzi kwamahlathi wenza lokuphinda imbonakalo nelembali landscape. Emva kokufumana inkululeko yi neRashiya-sikhokelo yomthetho "Ngomhla Days of Military Uzuko" (1995) isigqibo ukuseka reserve zembali "Kulikovo Field". Museum waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe lwenzululwazi, oko ivulelekile kuluntu. Esi sakhiwo yesikhumbuzo luquka umnqamlezo sisikhumbuzo kwi Green Dubrava, wokuzalwa of ungowokubongwa Virgin, ilitye lesikhumbuzo Dmitriyu Donskomu nasezirhangeni kunye yenkumbulo Umanyano.

Odessa Kulikovo Field

Ukuba waphuma emotweni kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Odessa, cela ngummi bengingqi malunga nendawo yasendle Kulikovo, unokuqiniseka ukuba akayi ndikuthumele Tula, yaye ibonisa umnwe phezu kocingo. Enyanisweni, nakubeni phantse yonke iminyaka eSoviet Union, lo mmandla bayithwala igama revolution (ekuqaleni nje, ke ngoko, ukuze oko akazange acinge, Oktobha), yonke loo nto ebizwa ngokuba indlela yakudala, efana nokumkani.

Kudala-dala, iminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo, indawo isiteshi ngohlangothi dolophu. Kwakukho umda Porto Franco (namhlanje iya kubizwa ngokuba ummandla kurhwebo free), eziphawulwe nge- icandwe, kwaye ngokubanzi yaba esigangeni, eyayisetyenziselwa amajoni ngaphambili-line Odessa umthambo webutho, mabanxibe iiyunifom ezimnyama epaulettes ebomvu. Yindawo legunya igama mfiliba, koko wabulawa bamngcwabela mthetho karhulumente. Kufutshane apho kwakukho entolongweni. Kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, zonke ezi loyiko bemkile, ukuba kakhulu olukhula ngokukhawuleza amazwe, kwaye nayo - Odessa. Kulikovo endle kwaba indawo malanga ngokuhlwa kunye kusonwabisa.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil and ungenelelo apha kwakhona waqala kungcwaba, nabo bonke emgceni. Amaxhoba yokulwa ezidolophini, Haidamaks, ufile ngequbuliso, amanye amajoni omzimba amazwe bangcwatyelwa endle Kulikovo yaye nganto. Iyazikhumbula 1967 kuphela Amaqhawe revolution, yaye wenza lesikhumbuzo buhlungu ukuhlamba kufuphi terminus of th minh 17 no-18 iindlela th. Esi sixeko landiswa kude kakhulu ukusuka kuloo mgca ngengqondo, apho Kulikovo endle kwakuthetha nommandla wayo.

Kamva kuwo lwakwakhiwa iKomiti Party yeNgingqi, ngoko ke waba House of Trade Unions.

Odessa eshukumisa

Ukuba yinxalenye isixeko Ukraine, Odessa elizimeleyo ihlala ukuthetha ngokucacileyo kunye ubukhulu becala IsiNgesi. Asinako ukuba baloo dolophu ngamxhelo yaxhasa i "Maidan", kwakunye ukuphakamisa ngenye indlela. Uvelwano mbaxa entwasahlobo ezitratweni rhoqo neentlanganiso, zendalo hayi, ngexesha apho kwakukho zeenkcuba, ubukhulu becala ngomlomo.

Eyona nto kukuba abahlali ngasezantsi komzi (hayi kuphela kubo) babuzwe ukuba bathanda ukuba okanye hayi into eyenzeka Kiev. omnye kufuma ngomoya yokuqala umoya mahala eyinqobo wedemokhrasi imithetho, nto leyo ebesoloko odumileyo Odessa. Kulikovo endle kwaba indawo apho abantu ningaqiqi iminqweno "wasezulwini" ekhalazela ngoxolo. AmaNgqina ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba akukho abemi amanyathelo nochuku (ikakhulu abadala) engalenzanga. Bema nje apho, ngokuzolileyo ukuthetha, ukumamela umculo, ubukele plasma TV enkulu, nto leyo yasasazwa iindaba Russian. Ngenxa yoku, abaninzi babo babulala. Amtshisa.

Intlekele ka Meyi 2

Inguqulelo elisesikweni kukuba emva komdlalo, "Chernomorets 'ukusuka' Metalist" abaxhasi wokuthand ligqibe ekubeni lenze hambo apho "njengabagunyaziswa GRU" engaziwayo (ngengqiqo ukuba akukho yaziwa enoba njengabagunyaziswa GRU) wavula umlilo kunye handguns. Kukho baye lixhoba, Noko ke, akakwazanga ukufumana kubo, yokugubungela-up iimpahla elele imizimba wamatye yokukhalaza isizwe ayengavumelekanga naziphi amapolisa okanye oogqirha. Bonke ke wanyamalala ethile uuba ukuba amaxhoba abazange ifile. Ke angalawulwa (ezibonakala) isihlwele, besaphula intente phezu kwindawo yamaGrike, bafudukela kwicala kuloo ndawo apho bagxila 'imikhosi ububi "oko kukuthi, zonke Odessa" antimaydan ". Kulikovo Field ngemizuzu egcwele abafana ndlongondlongo axhobe ipetroli, iibhotile zeplastiki kunye imipu. Ngemoto abaqhankqalazi kwiNdlu of Trade Unions, benza kwindawo ephambili kwisicwangciso - kubulawa. Kwakhona, ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, ixhoba itshileyo ngokwakho ...