"I-Novik" - umonakalisi weenqwelo zaseRussia

Ukuqala kwekhulu lama-20 kuye kwaphawulwa ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo kwiRashiya yaseRussia yezo zonke iintlobo zoshishino lokukhusela. Ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi akuzange kuguqulwe emva kokuqhelekileyo.

Enye yeenqanawa eziphawulekayo zeenqwelo zaseRussia yayinguNovik. Umtshabalali wayelungelelaniso olwandle olugqwesileyo kunye nokulungelelanisa, okwavumela ukuba iinqanawa zisetyenziswe kwimisebenzi eyahlukileyo.

Mfuneko

Imfazwe yaseJapane ibonisa bonke ubuthathaka kunye nobungozi beenqwelo zaseRashiya. Ekubeni kwakungekho mali kwi-treasury yokuvuselela iinqwelo zemfazwe, umlawuli wamanqaku wamemezela ukuqoqwa kwemali yokwakhiwa kweminikelo yokuzithandela yeenqanawa ezintsha. Ezi mali zacwangciswa ukwakha iinqanawa ezininzi zeeklasi. Phakathi kwabo - ababhubhisi, ama-dreadnoughts kunye nabatshabalali.

Iiprojekthi

Ngaphambi kokuba iinjineli zibekwe imisebenzi emitsha yobugcisa ekudalweni kwekhephe. Ababhubhisi be-"Novik" bafanele bahlangabezane neemfuno zexesha elitsha: kufuneka bahlale bekhawuleza, bexhobile kwaye bephela. Impawu zobugcisa beprototype mazibe ngolu hlobo:

• Ukukhawuleza - ukufikelela kumaqhina angama-36;
• Ukukhawuleza ngomthwalo opheleleyo - malunga namaqhina angama-33;
• Vimba izityalo zamandla - ii-Parson turbines.

Imisebenzi ebekwayo yayinzima kuneenjini zexesha. Ngoko ke, amaqela anomdla amemezela ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuyilo lwenqanawa ye-Novik. Umtshabalalisi wesizukulwana esitsha esinomdla wemikhumbi yasekhaya.

Ikhomishana yabonisa imifanekiso yeCreighton, kunye neNevsky, iPutilov kunye ne-Admiralty plant. Emva komhlangano wokugqibela, umphumeleli waqaphela iphrojekthi yePutilov, eyayisetyenziselwa ukwakha iNovik kwikamva. Umbhubhisi waphuhliswa liqela leenjini ezikhokelwa nguDD. I-Dubitsky, ejongene nenxalenye yomkhumbi kunye neBO. UVasilevsky, owayephethe umsebenzi wokwakha iinqanawa.

Ukwakhiwa

Kwaye ngo-1907, iinqanawa zohlobo lweNovik zase zifakwe kuphuhliso. Umtshabalali woluhlobo olutsha lubekwe kwi-shipyard yase-Putilov ngo-1910. Inkampani yaseJamani yaseVulkan ithatha inxaxheba ebalulekileyo emsebenzini, eyayiqala ukuyila, ukuvelisa nokufaka ifom ehambelanayo neyomeleleyo yokubilisa i-Novik.

Imidwebo yemikhumbi yahlanjululwa njengoko iinqanawa zagqitywa. Ngexesha lokwakha umonakalisi, iqela leN.V. U-Lesnikov, owayekhonza njengomloli wenkundla kwi-Corps of Ship Engineers, umphathi we-Corps of Engineers kunye ne-Fleet mechanics uKravchenko GK Injineli yintloko yale projekthi yayinguK.A. Tennyson.

Ukubonakala kwekhephe

Ngo-Oktobha 1913, ngokokuqala ngqa, ukukhukhuma kweenqwelo zaseRussia, umonakalisi uNovik, washiya iindawo zokuhlala. Iifoto zentlanganiso yaseSt. Petersburger ehambahamba ecaleni kwe-Neva kunye nokubulisa umkhombe omhle, ngenhlanhla, iphile. Iimaphephandaba zalo xesha zaphawula ukuba abaninzi abantu basezidolophini beza kuthanda umtshabalali omtsha. Emva koko, le nqanawa yakhiwe ngokubhekiselele kwi-teknoloji entsha. Inqanawa enesibalo esikhulu samatope e-torpedo, i-trickery-high-speed-102 mm eneenqwelo zokufaka izixhobo zokufaka izithintelo zam zakuba yi-protopope ye-torpedo-artillery warfare of purpose. Ukongezelela, uNowavik, umtshabalali, wayexhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ze-salvo zomlilo-i-volley yangexesha elifanayo leebhokhwe ezisibhozo zenze ikhefu kuphela kwiklasi.

Olunye uhlobo oluyingqayizivele lwaluyijubane layo - ixesha elide (de kube ngo-1917) kwakukuphela kweempahla ezinokuthi ziphuhlise kwaye zigcine ijubane elingaphezu kwama-37 amaqhina.

Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala

Xa uMbuso waseRashiya wangena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi YesiBini, uNovik wabhaliswa kwinqaku labaqhubi beBaltic Fleet. Ekulwa kwakhe kokuqala, washiya ngoSeptemba 1, 1914. Kwimisebenzi yokulwa, iinqanawa zazihlala zilwa ngokuzimela, zithembela ngamandla ayo kunye nesantya. Ngoko, ehlotyeni ka-1915 ababhubhisi baseJamani babedlulela baya eGulf of Riga , okwakusetyenziswe ukuba bafumane kwaye batye umkhombe waseRashiya.

Iqela leNovik liyakwazi ukuhlaselwa ngokubini, bobabili, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kunye neentonga zomlilo. Kwaye kukho ezininzi iimpazamo zempi eziphumelelayo kwi-biography yale nqanawa.

Iminyaka ezayo

Ngethuba loKhuphelo lwe-Oktobha, iNovik eyimvelaphi yayilondolozwe. Kuphela emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yomphakathi, ngo-1925, wahlaziywa ngokukodwa kunye nexesha langoku. Le nqanawa yaqanjwa kwakhona. Ngoku umtshabalali oyingqungquthela waba negama lenye yeenkokeli zenguqu - "Yakov Sverdlov."

Ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu inqanawa ithunyelwe kwiBaltic Fleet kwaye isetyenziselwa iinjongo zoqeqesho. Ngomhla ka-Juni 1941, xa kuqhutyelwa inzantya yonke ephambi kwempuma, kwagqitywa isigqibo sokukhupha iinqanawa zamanxweme. Kwisitokethi sokuhanjiswa kwakukho noNovik. Umbhubhisi, owayesilinde ezinye iinqanawa ixesha elide ukusuka kwimigodi yamanzi, wazibhinca kwi-mine. Ngaloo ndlela wagqiba umendo wengcamango.