I-script "abanya iLeningrad". "Diaries of ayingqinga iLeningrad". "Ukuvimba Isonka iLeningrad"

Bathi ukuba lowo akazi imbali, mna anyanzelwa ukuba ukuphinda kuyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuba ukhumbule, nokuba amathuba ayo ezoyikekayo amaxesha. Ezi ngokuqinisekileyo kuyasebenza kwamabutho iLeningrad. Phantse 900 iintsuku abahlali besixeko ukukhula kwiimeko nanto, ezama ukubaleka yengqele, indlala, kwaye Ukuhlasela ngamaNazi. Makhe zama ukuqonda ukuba ukubhala indlela ngokuchanekileyo yifilimu, "abanya iLeningrad". Kuthetha ntoni ixilongo, nto leyo cwaka nendlela uthethe ngale xesha yoyikekayo kwimbali abafundi mihla Russian.

amanqaku ngembali

Phambi kokuba uqale ubhala umbhalo, azinikele kokurhangqwa eLeningrad, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba oku ngeli xesha. Yaba izibakala eyoyikekayo, lo ubuqhawe abantu abaqhelekileyo kufuneka ziboniswe kuyo.

Okokuqala, abahlali besixeko de afe bakhe bakhumbula ukuba ubusika iminyaka 41-42. Ngaloo nyaka, anqamka ubushushu, inkqubo yogutyulo zange isebenze; kwakungekho manzi etephini. Ngelo xesha, lobushushu ngaphandle kunqabile ukuba angalandeli -18 °. ekhaya ekhululekile, ngoko wajika waba nasemagumbini omkhulu kuyabanda, phantse ka kuyo. It wasinda kuphela ebizwa ngokuba yi-izitovu, izitovu amafutha elivuthayo esiqinileyo. Ngenxa yokuswela iinkuni loo iincwadi shushu esitovini, ifenitshala kwaye yonke into zinokutshisa.

Okwesibini, amaJamani akalithabathanga kuphela umzi lo msesane utshaba, kodwa bavele rhoqo wawisa iibhombu. Ngaphezu kwama-200 amawaka ekonookrwece iziqhushumbisi wona phezu kwabemi eLeningrad.

Noko ke, ngokutsho manani, ukususela iziqhushumbisi wabulala ngaphezulu kwe-3% yabemi. Abanye babulawa yindlala iyonke. Le nto ibalulekile script. I abanya iLeningrad waqala Septemba 8, 1941. Ngelo xesha, lo mzi, isimiso, apho kwakungekho emthethweni. abantu baye baba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yindlala, kwaye esetyenziswa njani ukutya:

• yomgubo iglu (bona ngaphambili baxhoma iphepha);
• kwincindi;
• iimpahla isikhumba (iibhatyi kunye neebhutsi utshiswe ngomlilo wapheka);
• glycerol.

Kwaye ngaphezulu, kunzima ukucinga ngoku. Kakade ke, phezu kwetafile waza wafumana izilwanyana kunye neempuku amdaka.

Ukuvimba Isonka eLeningrad

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe isonka, lwahlulwe phakathi abemi ngaloo mihla enzima. Ekuqaleni amanani umsebenzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• abasebenzi bafumana 600 grams isonka;
• abasebenzi - 400 grams;
• abantwana - 300 grams.

Oku kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba imini. Kule sonka alinikwa kude simahla, kufuneka zingathengwa, nangona bekukho kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Imeko siganeko kuya kuba ndinyaniseke ukuba ilizwi ngayo le nto.

Noko ke, ngasekupheleni November, izinga kunyaka-41 yawa ngaphezu esibayeni-mbini:

1. Blue waqala ukufumana 250 grams.
2. Abantwana kunye nabaxhomekeke - 125 grams.

On okubuhlungu Disemba ababulawa indlala phezu kwamawaka 50 abantu. Emva apho Linyuke kancinane.

Kulo nyaka, abaqalise "isonka kuvalwe iindlela iLeningrad" kwizixeko eziliqela Russian. Abantu bakhuthazwa ukuba bahlale ngomhla ka 125 grams yesonka. Kulo mzekelo, umpheki bazama kangangoko kunokwenzeka lokuphinda iresiphi. Kongezelelwa intlama kwimbuphu yesarha, ixolo neselulosi. Eli phulo wokuba abalandeli bakhe kunye nokuphikisa bangi.

Noko ke, ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ivumela, unga zama ukubhaka isonka kuba abaphulaphuli efanayo. Oku kuya kwenza kube nesimo liphila ngakumbi. I abanya iLeningrad - xesha kunzima kakhulu kwimbali yelizwe lethu ukuthetha ngayo, esebenzisa kuphela iinyaniso kunye nezibalo.

Blogs ukuvimba Leningrad

Okushicilelweyo ukuba ndibuye ndiphilise iinkumbulo amangqina. Nangona kunjalo, kunyanzelekile ukuba akhethe Ezingxingweni, bagcine imingcele. Ndandisoyika kakhulu ukuba ufunde la manqaku. Ingakumbi xa kufikwa abantwana abafikisayo baye bazama kusinda ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni.

yesikole oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala Lena Mukhina wabhala ngezicwangciso bakhe ebomini, malunga amaphupha, malunga incoko yakhe kunye nonina. Kodwa uninzi bonke, yena wabhala lwendlala. Kwaye bendilindele eli xesha uza kuphela:

"Ndiza kuthenga Kilo lesonka emnyama, a Kilo leminqathe, kwisiqingatha nelitha yamafutha umqhaphu, - itsho enye intombazana - naemsya ukuba kuhluthe. Emva koko umama uwose ube yimiqhathane ezahlukeneyo. " Kodwa iminqweno elula zange kube njalo, umama wam wasweleka.

Ukufunda iidayari ze bayingqinga iLeningrad, uyazi indlela omncinane umntu kufuneka ubomi nolonwabo. Yeyona iinkumbulo amangqina, ingakumbi abantwana, baba ubungqina ityala eyoyikekayo amaNazi nxamnye nabantu Soviet.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kukho uluvo lokuba abafundi akunyanzelekanga ukuba bafunde kunye iijenali efanayo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, singqongwe umzi kwakukho abaninzi. Xa izilingo Nuremberg wanikwa idayari konyaka-12 ubudala Tani Savichevoy. Kuyinto 9 kuphela iingxelo ezimbi kweli phepha. Ngamnye kubo - izitatimenti ukufa ngumntu omthandayo. "Bonke bafa. UTanya wasala yedwa. "

Yiyo loo nto ngamanye kwiidayari kufuneka singene isikripthi: "abanya iLeningrad".

Yiyiphi imeko ye ukuqapha?

Ngoko ke saya ngqo umbuzo imeko lomsitho. Apha kufuneka uqaphele ukuba apho kukho imihla emibini ekhumbulekayo:

• 8 Septemba - imini xa iLeningrad waba isangqa zwilakhe;
• Januwari 27 - ukususwa ukuqapha.

Kwaye khumbula udinga zombini. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uya kuba yintoni na imeko: "Ukususa abanya Leningrad" nephepha leempendulo :. "Ubomi esixekweni singqongwe"

Ukuba uceba ukubhala ekubhiyozeleni inkululeko, kungcono ukukhetha le fomu ilandelayo:

1. Yenza umcimbi ikonsathi.
2. Group tyelela ithala leencwadi.

Phantse 900 imihla yobomi kwi "ring" kufuneka sibonise:

1. Njengoko iindawo sisikhumbuzo imisebenzi.
2. Zama ukuyenza ngohlobo imidlalo indima-idlala.

Makungabikho namnye mazingabhidaniswa igama elithi "umdlalo". Oku kuphela ngoncedo yale nkqubo, u nga twisisa yokuba kakuhle kangakanani nzima abemi ngaloo mihla ezoyikekayo.

Enoba kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uthethe ngale "indlela yobomi" phesheya Lake Ladoga. Kubalulekile ukuba yinxalenye yayo bakhona abasuswe eLeningrad, kwakunye nokutya ukungeniswa mzi ahlala.

I-script ngokwayo kwamabutho

Ukuze abonise ukuba kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad, elishicilelwe isiganeko kubhetele ukuba uwahlule ube zahlulo ezimbini. Kumboniso wokuqala namhlanje, okwesibini - ngexesha umsebenzi.

Top nako ezimbini. Masithi indoda nomfazi:

Khokela (ekwabelwana nogxa). "Phantse neyure kwi Internet bakhetha adlula store njee. Unikezelo enye iyure enye kuphela, abanye abavumi ukuzisa iziselo. Oku kwenza."

Kubonakala intombazana, yesikole.

Girl. "Ngomso ndiza kuya esikolweni. Kwiveki egqithileyo, siye Babengqongwe baseJamani. Babetha warehouses badayev. Bathi kukho ligcinwa umgubo kunye nezinye okuziinkozo. Kodwa ukhumbule kuphela hambo" iyaguquguquka. "Kungekudala singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko uya kuba phezu, kwaye imveliso iya kuzisa. Kodwa oku umtsalane de kube sekupheleni akayi kuba imfazwe "(ingcaciso evela iidayari - inqaku yombhali).

Lead Kanjalo awuvumelani umlingane wam, okanye ngokuchasene noko, ukuphikisana naye. umsebenzi yakhe ukuba bavakalise ezi zibakala namanani:

Lead. "Ekuqaleni wayengqingwe lwabemi nezigidi ezi-2.5 ukuba eLeningrad. Nabemi ngaphezulu kwama-300 amawaka mmandla. Xa amaxwebhu asemthethweni ebhaliweyo ukuba isixeko 650 amawaka abantu babulawa. Noko ke, emva kokuba ukususwa elungqingweni kancinane ngaphezu kwezigidi wahlala eLeningrad, ukuphila isiqingatha abantu."

Kunye nokwakha umahluko onjalo le meko lonke. Oku kuya kuvumela umntu avareji kancinci eyoyikisayo ukuba ukuntywila emoyeni ngayo ukuqapha. Thelekisa imihla yethu.

Esi siganeko ngosuku ukususwa ukuqapha

I-script for "kwesiqalekiso kuvalwe iindlela iLeningrad", ungakwazi ukuqala nge symphony wesixhenxe winky kaThixo. Ukuba ndamgocagoca ekwindla kunyaka 41-th kwi Philharmonic. Sele esebenzise yindlala yaye aseMelika zabemi waya ekonisathini:

Lead. "Hitler walungisa umzi isiphelo eyoyikekayo" yadilizwa phantsi ", -. Ngaba kufuneka ifundwe namhlanje kuxwebhu declassified Akukho umdla kwikomkhulu yenkcubeko eRashiya ukuze ekuthiwa-Aryans akazange ukumela sele-12 Oktobha 1941 amaJamani babeqinisekile ukuba akukho abantu eziphilayo ... kwaye ngoko ke umculo yaqala.

Izandi symphony 7 of winky. Logama nje umfundi uthi, eqongeni ingafikelela abadlali abadlala iLeningrad, mkhosi. Hlala phantsi uze uphulaphule.

Lead. "Dmitri winky begqibile ukubhala symphony lakhe sele kweso sixeko engqongwe yiJamani."

Amajoni. "Andikwazanga akanikeli yonke imini umculo. Olu suku efunekayo buthelezi. Kodwa mna kumamela kwikonsathi ngentsimbi yokuqala."

Lead. "Kamva, xa iidayari amaNazi, sifunda ukuba ngeli ikonsathi, babona ukuba iLeningrad andizukuncama. Kwaye banyanisile. January 27, 1944 amaJamani lihambe kuloo mzi. Olu suku edume banqula bonke abahlali namhlanje St. Petersburg."

Ngoko ke, ngaloo mihla eyoyikekayo, abantu baphulaphula umculo, waya ezu, abantwana baya esikolweni. Sasisebenza imigangatho emininzi kwisityalo, abantu abadala kunye nabafundi. Le ubuqhawe abantu abaqhelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu script. Ukukhululwa iLeningrad ukusuka kwafa kwaba yimpumelelo ngenxa yabemi akazange anikezele.

I-script for abantwana besikolo

Zengqondo bathi, xa engakanani ngobudala ukuxelela abantwana malunga ububi bempi ukusuka. Kwaye ngokuthe ngqo amaNazi bawungqinga umzi. Kukholelwa ukuba uyakwazi kuhle baqale ukuxelela iklasi wesithathu.

Eneminyaka 9 abantwana badala sele ukuqonda ukuba kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. umcimbi script for esikolweni ngexesha elinye kufuneka athambe ngakumbi abantu abadala. Asinto kubalulekile ukuthetha ngayo:

• mu;
• inkohlakalo aluhlaza;
• ubundlobongela.

Kodwa ngokoMthetho jikelele malunga kwesidingo sokusebenzisa ukuxelela. Yintoni enokwenziwa:

1. Uhambo yeendawo ezingalibalekiyo lwe eLeningrad.
2. Tyelela kwithala leencwadi, apho imifanekiso kungqina ngalo mcimbi.
3. Ndwendwela okanye ngokuthi aququzelele ikonsathi lunikezelwa ukuqapha.

I omdala umfundi, i ngakumbi iya kuba inkqubo siganeko.

Trip okanye indima-ukudlala umdlalo

Imeko, azinikele imini iLeningrad yaye kuvalwe, unokubhalwa ntlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko ibali zokucupha. Uyakwazi nisondeze iiyure ezimbalwa abafundi 'ukuba ubomi njengomzi ongqingiweyo. " Yiya esikolweni, emsebenzini, ukuba kuthenga izonka, kwakunye iphumele kuvalwe iindlela iindawo eziphambili.

Apho ke kubalulekile ukuhambela:

1. Indlu Tani Savichevoy (umgca 2 Vasilevsky Island, 13).
2. Ngelo lesikhumbuzo ukuze uTshawe-schooler. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngexesha wayesilwa amaNazi umzimba Volodya Ermak utshaba lekhefu ivaliwe. La majoni Soviet banethuba ngokwabo phambili kwi amaJamani.
3. In kumyezo wezilwanyana. Ngexesha lemfazwe kwaye kuvalwe iindlela abahlala isixeko abawudli nasiphi na isilwanyana kumyezo wezilwanyana. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, senza konke okusemandleni ukuze kubanceda basinde. Kwakunzima ngokukhethekileyo kwi imvubu ogama Belle. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi (njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ixesha kwamanzi omnye asebenza) yamsongela ngokumbulala. Pool ezaliswe ngamanzi ukusuka Belle Neva.
4. Ngelo lesikhumbuzo ukuze oonyana kwafa (Square Street for cash).
5. I 'icala eyingozi. " Esi sixeko hung iipleyiti 4, elumkisa ukuba "eli cala esitratweni, 'eziyingozi kakhulu ngexesha bechuba. Okwangoku, ibhodi wahlala phezu Nevsky Prospekt.

Le nto ke uluhlu olupheleleyo iindawo ezingalibalekiyo ukuba ungatyelela. Ukuba awunalo ixesha kuyilwe indlela yakho, ungasebenzisa i izikhokelo inkonzo St Petersburg.

ithala

Kakade ke, lo gama eSt Petersburg, kulula ukuba uzive ukuba kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. izenzo kwilayibrari script, oluqulunqwe ngokusekelwe iinkumbulo, iingceba bhanya, kwakunye amanqaku ngembali, uya kuthetha ngalo eli xesha, abafundi abavela kwezinye izixeko.

thala Ukukhokela bangenza. Intetho yokuqala malunga imfazwe, inkoliso njengomzi ongqingiweyo, lo ubuqhawe eLeningrad. Emva kokuba ibali, unako ukubonisa imovie ngalo eli xesha. Umzekelo, documentary Sergiya Loznitsy - "The abanya iLeningrad". I tape ithatha imizuzu 17 kuphela, kodwa inikeza umqondo ecacileyo kakhulu mzuzu ezoyikekayo kwimbali lizwe lethu.

Unako ke babukele ezisikwe kumaphephandaba kunye neemagazini. Amalungiselelo indibano encinane (intetho). Funda iivesi neembongi yexesha. Yaye phantse umzuzu cwaka.

In ekhonsathini

Ngenxa yoko, ngumbhalo ekonsathini "abanya iLeningrad" lungohlulwa lube iibhloko ezintathu:

• iingoma nemidaniso;
• izibongo.
• izigcawu.

Ngaloo ndlela, baya kuquka abafundi abakubudala xa kufikwa abantwana. Kwaye abadala lula ukuqonda inkcazelo ngohlobo ekonsathini.

Iingoma ezipheleleyo malunga isixeko emsebenzini ithetha lukhulu. Kwinkqubo yekonsathi singathatha kakhulu zithandwa. Umzekelo, "The ballad of iLeningrad", "ongenasiphelo iLeningrad", "I ballad of Tane Savichevoy». Ukongeza, ungasebenzisa nayiphi iingoma 40 zomkhosi. Phantsi kwezi eengoma iboniswe bevidiyo kunye neefoto aloo mzi, wabeka umdaniso, okanye nje unako ukufeza singers abanetalente.

Iindinyana ukuqapha akuyi kuba nzima ukufumana anyule ezifaneleke ngakumbi. Ukuba isiganeko yesikolo, singakwazi ukunikela abantwana ngokufunda imisebenzi zabo abazithandayo.

Imifanekiso nazo zinokohluka. Ngexesha le ntetho, uyakwazi ukufunda iidayari kunye memoirs abantu ababephila ngalo zokungqinga.

PS Kutheni khumbula eli xesha?

Kuyenzeka ngoku ukuva oko kwisixeko eLeningrad (namhlanje St. Petersburg) iminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 eyadlulayo, wakhululwa umsebenzi. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, ngoku lixesha lokuba ukulibala ngesi siganeko buhlungu. Kodwa yiloo nto inye ukuze anikele Armenia ukulibala kohlanga ngo-1915 yaye ke amaYuda Auschwitz.

Yaba ixesha elinzima, owoyikekayo. A ityala nxamnye wonke esixekweni: amadoda ayo, abafazi kunye nabantwana ukuzenzela nto. Libala - oko kuthetha ukuba ukuxolela. Noko ke, ukususela kwindawo nangokwasengqondweni lwembono, asinalungelo ukuxolela abanye. Phezu 630.000 kwabafileyo (kwaye oko nje amanani ezisemthethweni).

Ukongezelela uloyiko, eli xesha kwimbali kuye kulo lonke ukholo enkulu lizwe. Isibindi ubuqhawe. Akumangalisi echibini enomkhenkce uye wabizwa "Indlela of Life." Abantu iLeningrad lubonise ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulwa ukuya wokugqibela. ESoviet Union walwa. Ayaziwa ukuba eliphela ngayo IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ukuba kungabi ngenxa nenkalipho kwabo amadoda anamandla esixeko lisibekele.