Ingongoma ukunyibilika oli yomthi wesundu, ingakumbi imveliso, ukusetyenziswa kunye nomonakalo

Imithombo eyahlukeneyo ulwazi "intende" nesihloko eso kuxoxwa luyathandabuzeka. Lo mba isihloko - kuluncedo okanye yingozi ioli yesundu umzimba womntu, ngenxa yokuba amazwe kukuninzi (malunga 500 tonnes ngonyaka ngamnye) kweli lizwe lethu.

Yintoni eyona ngongoma ukunyibilika ioli yesundu? Apho kusetyenziswa le mveliso? Ziziphi iingenelo? Oku, kwakunye iimpawu zemveliso kunye nezinye izinto kweli nqaku.

oyile Palm: isicelo Inkcazelo ukubunjwa

esundu oyile Umthombo - inxalenye yinyama iziqhamo entendeni oyile (Elaeis guineensis). Xa uhlobo yayo ekrwada ukuba umbala obomvu-orenji, nto leyo ibangelwa isiqulatho eliphezulu carotenoids. Ukuba impatho ekhethekileyo, imveliso uba ebomvu okanye emthubi. ukugcinwa Red ayinikiwe igcina izondlo (80%) ngo-mthubi balahlekelwa kakhulu. iintlobo Yellow abanobutyebi asidi ifumile ezinamanqatha (50%), kokonakalisa umzimba. Iintlobo red-38% yabo, koko ke tocotrienol odumileyo (modified vitamin E), vitamin A kunye ukumelana ukusabela oxidative.

Yintoni ioli yesundu? Ukusuka yintoni le mveliso? Kuba esundu oyile kernel ethathwa engundoqo nzima (iimbewu) iziqhamo. Lubonakala yi kwinqanaba yellowness of fatty ifumile, njengoko 80% (ngamanye carotenoids phantse ingabi). iimveliso nokwenza edlulileyo uba ukukhanya.

Kuba ukwakheka engundoqo imveliso zibandakanya befumile okunamafutha palmitic kunye stearic acid. Ipesenti oleic (ezinamanqatha monounsaturated) acid, 40% linoleic (polyunsaturated) - ukuya kwi-10%. Zakutsha nokukhuthaza ukutya okulungileyo kubalulekile kwimpilo. Ukubunjwa iquka ioli yesundu kunye myristic lauric acid, oleic acid kunye linoleic acid kuyo malunga ne-33%. Le mveliso esulungekisiweyo kukuba ngaphezulu izondlo ezilahlekileyo ngexesha processing.

Ukutya kunye noshishino oli yomthi wesundu, isicelo

Eyona abanikezela neoli yesundu zezi Asia (South East), Latin America. Vuna ngenyanga iziqhamo yayigcinwa ishushu phambi kokuqalisa yokubola. Emva kwethumba, yahlukanisa yintlama, okubangela ubunzima ukwazi. Le mveliso ekrwada kuthiwa oyile mveliso kwaye ayikho ekufaneleyo ukutyiwa ngabantu. Eyona ndawo besicelo - ngomatshini, isixhobo umatshini (njengoko lokubolekwa igrisi).

Ngenxa yoko, ucoco ioli ezityiwayo ifunyenwe, imveliso ukutya elizimeleyo. Kurhwebo, umlinganiselo sayo ukuya kwi-50%. Oku kuchazwe yi kwimfuneko ekhulayo oyile yemifuno ngenxa izixhobo zendalo zokusebenza ezincinci kwamafutha eqinileyo kunye nezo okuqinileyo. Kushishino yokutya yeemveliso yesundu ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa yokubhaka kunye confectionery neemveliso, iimveliso zobisi zidibene, ukutya lula, ubisi losana.
ioli Palm kunye kwanangamacandelo alo imithamo ezinkulu cosmetology (isepha, cream, njalo-njalo), kubavelisi iisepha, amakhandlela zasekhaya. Kwakhona isetyenziswa Pharmacology nokuveliswa ukutya kwemfuyo kunye neenkukhu.

Iimpawu production

Yintoni eyona ngongoma ukunyibilika ioli yesundu? Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, makhe sithethe ngeempawu ze kuveliswe le mveliso. Xa kwimeko yase fektri imithi zeqela babacukucezela ngomphunga eyomileyo ukuze ukwahlula off. Emva koko, udini ekrwada ukunika iintlobo zobugcisa.

Ekulungisweni izinto grade ukutya ekrwada zintsholongwane, yabe yokucokisa (ukucoca). Yokucokisa kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela:

• ngexesha kukujikeleza umbandela ukuqala lukhupha oli ekrwada;
• Icentrifuge hlamba emanzini kunye eziqinileyo;
• ukuxovwa (zokuhlanjululwa amanzi) lwenziwa nezokukhupha phospholipids;
• yi neutralization asuswe fatty free;
• imveliso eyome kwaye deodorized.

Le hydrogenation (hydrogen edityaniswe izinto) yenzelwa ukususa fatty polyunsaturated (PUFAs).

Ukuba ubuchule oxidize ngokukhawuleza PZHNK ungakuvumeli ekulondolozeni ixesha elide imveliso (hayi ngaphezulu kwe kweenyanga ezintandathu), kangangokuba kubo, baze balahle. Ukuba emva hydrogenation waba ejavujavu olwahluke, kuyahlaziya ioli (deodorized). Ekuphumezeni ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo ifunyenwe imveliso esulungekisiweyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu impilo.

oyile Palm: ukunyibilika iipropati point

Intende kunye nezinye oyile yemifuno babe triatsilglitseroidy (compound glycerol esters of okunamafutha acid). umxube ngamnye chemico-emzimbeni iimpawu abayinqobo kunye neqondo zavuleka. Ngokusekelwe Eneneni, yintoni kanye le waye- ukunyibilika oli yomthi wesundu, bathi amaqhezu ezintathu (iintlobo) lwemveliso.

1. amaqhezu imveliso asezantsi ephawuleka lobushushu yokunyibilika a ka-36 ° C - 39 ° C. Xa kaJohn, oko anditshayi, akuthethi unamathele. Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza lukhuni, ngoko ukutya okuphekiweyo kulo Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise shushu okanye kufudumele.
2. Uninzi iqhekeza isiqina - stearin - ziquka amacandelo imajarini. lobushushu oyile yokunyibilika Palm yi - 48 ° C - 52 ° C
3. Kuba olein wesundu zombini remelt iintlobo izidanga lulwelo - 16 ° C - 24 ° C Ukuzinza efana cream, engumkhenkce efrijini.

Stearin kunye olein isebenzisa ngempumelelo cosmetology.

Oko kutya ziqulathe ioli yesundu

Iimveliso 'Palm "zezi refractoriness eziphakamileyo, ezikhabhathini elide.

1. oyile Palm njenge njengempembelelo Iimveliso zobisi: replacers ubisi (kubandakanywa ezomileyo), margarine, itshizi nzima, itshizi ukuqhubekekiswa, ibhotolo kunye imajarini, lahamba, iintlobo ezininzi sisi ice cream, iyogurt.
2. Umgubo, iimveliso confectionery ngeoli esundu (yezabelo) hayi iyeka ezimuncu, yaye akukho lula ukuba ukubila. Kutya zonke iintlobo ehla, iikeyiki, iibhisikithi kunye umaleko bukhrim, umthengi elithile okanye omnye oyisebenzisayo. Oku kusetyenziswa kwiziseko iilekese, itshokolethi.
3. Olein ekhoyo kwiimveliso eqhotsiweyo, chips zamazambane, amandongomane ezigcadiweyo, kukubola ingqolowa, noodles nangoko. Nanguya amashwamshwam pre-ipakishwe, ukuhlanganiswa isuphu, imayonnaise.

Ngaloo ndlela, uninzi imveliso ezithengiweyo ebezifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, iqulathe ioli yesundu.

Indlela ukufumanisa ubukho ioli yesundu ekutyeni

Umsebenzisi kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ioli yesundu incasa mnandi, kuphucula imveliso axabisa kakhulu kwiimveliso zendalo. Products okuqulathwe lulo zigcinwa ixesha elide. Kuthe kwalunga abavelisi kunye nomtsalane kubathengi. Xa uthenga kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kuphela inani layo, kodwa ngokwemiqathango zokugcina: ochwayithileyo-ujonge roll ezisibhozo-iqulethe ngokucacileyo ioli yesundu.

Qaphela: Xa kuthethwa "kwamafutha yemifuno" Ngokufuthi kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa nto ioli yesundu. Malunga uphawu endaweni "iimveliso isonka samasi" eziphambukileyo, "amasi", "cream ezimuncu", "ubunzima itshizi", "eyemayonnaise", "ubisi yinto enye". Life (njengoko GOST) iimveliso abenzi abavumelekanga ngokuqhelekileyo obizwa ngokuba "imveliso."

Izithako ziqhelekileyo athathelwa indawo iimveliso yesundu ngobisi. Kudla "fake" zithengiselwa phantsi ezisithele ibhotolo. imveliso Natural (iintlobo-20), iphawulwa mafutha eyahlukileyo nenala iimpawu luncedo. kubushushu obuphantsi ibhotolo yokunyibilika (degrees 24 ukuya 37) - Enye yezinto ezilungileyo. Ayaziwa: degree esezantsi processing, ngokulula ngakumbi yayingeyonxalenye kwi amafutha emzimbeni.

Ingaba iqondo lobushushu yokunyibilika yeNkonzo ibhotolo kunye yesundu yeoli? Ewe, ezahlukeneyo eyona yokunyibilika, imveliso ungaphantsi kakhulu yesundu bukhrim oyile, ukuba trudnousvaivaemym. On icandelo imveliso yokwenene unalo ayenechaphothi iimpawu, iziqwenga ukudla baphuke. ioli ezikhohlisayo embi eqina kwifriji, uye umbala oqaqambileyo kakhulu, loo nto ayenzi aphule. Ingongoma ukunyibilika ioli yesundu - 48 ° C - 52 ° C

oyile Palm: ukusetyenziswa

Kwiintlobo zokutya neoli esundu ithathwa ukuba obomvu kakhulu luncedo, igcina kakhulu izondlo emva konyango.

1. iivithamini eziluncedo kumafa yayo: A nempembelelo entle amalungu ezibonwayo, E efunekayo umbono elungileyo luvuselele namadlala ngokwesini.
2. Ukwehlisa cholesterol ngenxa oleic, asidi linoleic. ioli Palm lilawulwa umsebenzi bile duct kwemali kunye nenkqubo yokucola ukutya xa iyonke. Bebesisulungekisile amarhanana ngexesha ingxinano.
3. Abanye imveliso zokudla Kucetyiswa njengendlela elwe (2 TSP ukudla).
4. Xa ngembiza ioli kwi umtshiso sobuqu kunye chadit kunye nemveliso ezinikezelwa yi upholile nomtsalane ezinjalo. Ifakwe kwi intlama, oko kunika crispness imveliso kunye livumba noxhamla ubuncwane.
5. "Palm" iimaski esetyenziselwa isilungiseleli seglosi, ukukhula iinwele kunye nokufunyanwa.
6. Kwi siseko wayo, izithambiso izithambiso, iisepha bagqibileyo. Ngenxa ixabiso yendalo isetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ulusu ingxaki, lobomi kwalo ulungiso-olululo.
7. Lokuhlambela kunye imali encinane amathontsi oyile kunciphisa uxinezeleko, ulawula umsebenzi kwemithambo yegazi.
8. Ukuhlamba powder enesiqulatho yayo engenabungozi empilweni.

Kufuneka ukwahlula ukutya obomvu (iphathwa) oyile yobugcisa (lunganyangwa) kunye nombala efanayo. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezizodwa fractionation uhlobo lokutya ikhuselekile. Umgangatho, uluvo abathengi uthathwa ukuba iimveliso "Zlata Palma" yaye "Royal".

oyile Palm: ingozi

Ingaba oyile eziyingozi hydrogenation elidlulileyo. I-oyile elulwelo, saturable athom inkqubo hydrogen ne-nickel kunye platinum ehlanganisa iguqulelwa ibe fat esiqinileyo. Kungenxa ukuvela kwamafutha kwelentshona ye ngu hydrogenation, ibangela enezifo:

• ukuphazamiseka neuropsychiatric, yehlile baphaphe engqondweni ngenxa yokuba kwamanqatha yothutho ukucola iinkqubo pathways zobuchopho;
• olun ukubangela igazi isitya sclerosis, isifo kobuchopho, ukusilela intliziyo, ngesibetho;
• transzhirovymi molekyuli kakubi kuthetha phezu secretion of enzyme, kungoko iingxaki digestibility processing kunye nemveliso;
• ezi amafutha ekucaphukisayo ukuguga kunye iseli ukuguquka, nto leyo igcwele nokuphazamiseka omzimba kunye nomhlaza.

Upakisho eziqulathe imveliso hydrogenated kufuneka sikhatshwe esihambelanayo nokuwiswe ( «yothutho-fat»).

Ulwazi: okunene, kungona iqondo ukuhluzwa, kuba nzima ukuba nokwenziwa kwemveliso ogqityiweyo. Kodwa ukusebenza oluchanekileyo ometyiso ayikwazi akuxhomekekanga kuphela kwi ubushushu: Musa bathembele iphupho ukuvaleka lilonke umzimba "yokudlala yesundu". oyile wesundu Non-hydrogenated kunokuba buhlungu kuphela xa ukusetyenziswa ukuphuza ngayo.

Kakuhle eli "intende" umbuzo

Ngokubanzi, i "ingxaki intende" imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• iimveliso ezisemgangathweni zikhuselekile ukutyiwa;
• ukusetyenziswa imveliso nokuba ngcono kukuninzi ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezimbi kwimpilo;
• oyile technical akufuneki ukuba tapeworm.

Ukophulwa imithetho yokuhamba (umzekelo, xa amatanki iimveliso zepetroliyam), izinto zokwenza imveliso ubugcisa processing echasene nomthetho Russian - ukuba oonobangela mgangathweni ezishelfini neoli yesundu. Kodwa ngenkankulu abenzi amaqhinga elaziwayo-avareji ngumsebenzisi iintsilelo zabo.