Ifom ye isiqabu kweqonga yaseSiberia. Le izimbiwa ye Siberian Platform

iqonga eSiberia, okanye. njengokuba kubhaliwe ngokuba, eMpuma Siberian Platform, ukuze ukwahlula kwi-West Siberian yenye yezinto eziphambili zokufunda yokwakheka komhlaba Russian. On mmandla waso zezimbiwa ebalulekileyo, ukongeza, ukufundisisa kusekwe kwaye likuyo ngoku ihlbathi umdla esuka kwindawo imbono kuphela zenzululwazi. Ongaphantsi kunye nefomu isiqabu kweqonga eSiberia useza iingqondo ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana izazinzulu. Makhe, yaye siya kujongana nemiba engundoqo enxulumene kweli candelo uqweqwe lizwekazi.

nendawo

Okokuqala ukufumanisa apho ngokobume sisiseko kweqonga yaseSiberia. main mass Its ise kwinxalenye esempuma eRashiya eSiberia ukuya eSiberia kunye Far Eastern Federal Districts. Emzantsi, iqonga uza kummandla Mongolia.

Ukusuka ngasentshonalanga oko umda ngokwendalo ijelo elo Yenisei River, kumntla - entabeni Byrranga kwi Taimyr Peninsula empumalanga - i Lena River emzantsi - Yablonovy nasentshonalanga, uba Dzhugdur kunye Pribaikalskaya inkqubo iziphene.

Eli candelo nokwakheka Siberia Platform yinxalenye lithosfere imbasa yaseYurophu kwaye ibekwe emantla-mpuma inxalenye yawo. Entshonalanga oko nebheyi Platform Western aseSiberia, nakwelasezantsi - ibhanti phambene-Mongolian, empuma - zone Western Pacific, kwaye emanzini kumntla-ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Ocean ukuba uninzi konyaka, olufihlwe phantsi ngumkhenkce.

History of imfundo

Ngoku makhe sifunde ukwenza indlela yoncedo ahambelana kweqonga eSiberia ukuba kwizigidi zeminyaka iinkqubo zejoloji iye yasekwa.

Le ndawo lwezwekazi qweqwe lomhlaba uhlobo kumaqonga bamandulo, okanye cratons. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye amaqela, yasungulwa emva kwixesha Precambrian, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubudala ukuba kwiziseko ezinjengezo million 541 iminyaka. Bakhonza njengesiseko ukuze kwakhiwe amazwekazi, ukuba core zabo.

platform Siberian ibhekisa kudidi Laurasian. Oku kuthetha ukuba eli xesha Mesozoic, yaba yinxalenye kwelizwekazi Laurasia. Kodwa elide ngaphambi kweli xesha waqala ukubonakala neqonga yamandulo yaseSiberia. Elimi waqala ukuba imilo emva kumaxesha Archean, ie akukho emva kweminyaka emi-2.5 billion eyadlulayo. Noko ke, ngoxa lifana mihla kancinane. Ndiyila isiseko yagqitywa ekuqaleni kwexesha Proterozoic, ekupheleni apho eqongeni yambathiswa ulwandle nzulu, abaphenjelelwa kakhulu ukuyilwa kwesigubungelo ludaka. Xa iqonga emva kwexesha Ordovician phezu kummandla kwelizwekazi Angarida. Kamva, yena kunye namanye amazwekazi ze umhlaba zadityaniswa ilizwekazi single - Pangea. E Mesozoic, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kunye Siberian Platform West Siberian imbasa kunye neqonga East Yurophu, emva kokwahlulwa Pangea, kwasekwa Laurasia lizwekazi. Emva ukuwa kwayo neqonga eSiberia iye yaba yinxalenye Eurasia.

Oko kumalunga kwaye kwasekwa i Siberian Platform.

isakhiwo

Ubume kweqonga eSiberia kuyafana isakhiwo zonke ezinye amaqonga yamandulo. Ezingcanjini zawo lisisiseko abunjwe emva era Archean nasekuqaleni Proterozoic. isiseko Top ihlanganisa nasemaweni inshorensi lentlenga, kwakheka kwiminyaka kamva, okokuqala nje imisebenzi imveliso daka. Oku kungenxa yokuba kumaxesha amandulo sasingummandla umsebenzi ophezulu mlilo kunye daka aphuma izibilini emhlabeni, wabumba isigubungelo emgibeni. Kodwa kwiindawo ezimbini isiseko kweqonga nangoku uza kumphezulu. Sesivuno rocks Precambrian-sangqa kumphandle kuthiwa namakhaka.

izakhiwo Solid luqulathe zeengxondorha ezintathu: greenstone, ibhanti granular, kwakunye orthogneisses entsonkothileyo sigaba.

Iingweletshetshe Siberian Platform

Ngomhla kummandla kweqonga eSiberia, kukho iibhodi ezimbini - i Anabar kunye Aldan.

Aldan ise-mpuma eqongeni. Le Ukuma kwale ndawo kuthiwa Aldan ithafa.

Anabar Isihlangu ezincinane eyendayo kwinxalenye esemantla eqongeni kummandla Central Siberian Plateau kakhulu, kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba Anabar ithafa. ukuphakama Ubuninzi kwayo ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kweemitha 905.

enkangala Central Siberia

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ikhangeleka njani isiqabu mihla le platform yaseSiberia.

Kwindawo engundoqo ye intsimi i Central Siberian Plateau. It ukhuphela alternation nasentshonalanga ephantsi umhlaba. Eliphezulu ihewu ngongoma - Mount Stone. Le ise neKwaZulu Putorana kwaye ukuphakama 1701 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kodwa ke ukuphakama avareji ye-Central Siberian Plateau yi 500-800 kuphela mitha. Ukongeza, kule mathafa kufuneka yabelwe Anabar yehewu, leyo okhankanywe nje ngentla. It is a Anabarskiy Buze nesihlangu komhlaba. Ingongoma eliphezulu lehewu - 905 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Xa entshona lehewu ojikeleze i Yenisei Ridge, leyo ngaxeshanye isebenza umda kuye kunye neqonga eSiberia xa iyonke. avareji ukuphakama kwayo kwiimitha 900 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle, kodwa ufikelela ubuninzi kwiNtaba Enashimsky Polkan kwaye 1104 m. Kwimeko Yenisei Ridge, kukho iqonga West yaseSiberia.

Emzantsi-kumzantsi mpuma we-Central Siberian Plateau yi Angarsk Ridge. I-avareji yehla luphakathi 700 no-1000 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, le ubuninzi - 1022 m.

Ukuya empuma kumntla-mpuma we-Central Siberian Plateau, yaye ngenxa yoko ke uhlobo ofana nawo womGaqo-isiqabu kweqonga eSiberia, kakuhle kwi Tsentralnoyakutskuyu ethafeni. Xa ngenye indlela, ukuba kwathiwa Tsentralnoyakutskoy okanye Leno Vilyui emathafeni. Inxalenye enkulu kummandla walo kubude obungaphezulu ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ayidluli 100-200 m, kodwa ngaphandle ukuya ku-400 leemitha.

kunokuba elimi platform eSiberia mpuluswa kwi watersheds angaphakathi. Ngoko ke, ezi watersheds ukuphakama akufuneki ube ngaphezu kweemitha 400-600. Ingakumbi, le ngxelo ibhekisela kwimida nezitya le Angara River, i-Lower Tunguska kunye Vilyuya.

Ezinye iziqalelo ze ukukhululeka Siberian Platform

Emzantsi-mpuma Central Siberian Plateau kukho Aldan ithafa. Ngokungafaniyo ezi zinto zingasentla, asiyiyo inxalenye yehewu, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, inxalenye aseSiberia Platform, emele isivuno phezu kwamanzi saso crystalline. It is on kummandla Aldan Plateau lelona nqanaba eliphezulu kweqonga eSiberia, ufikelela umphakamo ngentla komgangatho wolwandle eemitha 2306. Ke enkulu Highlands lunobude esingekho ngaphezulu kwamawaka leemitha.

Elimi Platform eSiberia ngokugqithileyo emzantsi-mpuma inophawu weentaba. Apha, kwi yaseKhabarovsk Territory, ibekwe ezintabeni Dzhugdzhugur. Nangona ukuphakama umndilili zakhiwo ingaphezulu kwiinduli Aldan, ephakeme kunazo Topko enasilela ngayo ubungakanani kwindawo eliphezulu ethafeni. Intaba neziko lunobude ka-1906 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ubude ezintabeni Dzhugdzhugur ukusuka emantla-mpuma ukuya emazantsi-ntshona ecaleni konxweme oLwandle Okhotsk yi-700 km.

Ngoko ke, siyazi ngokubanzi, yintoni na uhlobo uncedo kweqonga yaseSiberia.

hydrography

Ngoku cinga imizimba amanzi engundoqo kweqonga yaseSiberia. Njengomgaqo, indawo yazo yoqobo kwakuxhomekeke kwendawo, nalapho ke kuphela, emva ekusekweni kwayo, imilambo namachibi, ezi ke ziyafumaneka kummandla kwi imali enkulu kangangoko, bona baqala ukuphembelela ukuyilwa ngengingqi.

Umzila inkulu - Yenisey - lowo umda ntshona platform yaseSiberia. Lo ngomnye weyona milambo mikhulu ehlabathini, apho ubude kweemitha 3487.

Ubukhulu becala umda kweqonga eSiberia, kodwa eli xesha empumalanga, lelinye umlambo omkhulu - Lena. Nangona inxalenye yayo ithwala amanzi alo ngqo ukusuka kwindawo eqongeni. Ubude bayo km 4400.

Xa ngasezantsi iqonga eSiberia kwindawo encinane wadibana chibi zinzulu ehlabathini - Lake zamanzi.

Phakathi kwezinye misele ezinkulu ayahamba na aseSiberia Platform, kandziyisa Angara River, eseZantsi Tunguska Viluy.

Izimbiwa kumzantsi Platform eSiberia

Ngoku kufuneka sihlolisise izimbiwa kweqonga yaseSiberia. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Mother Nature wabanika nommandla nangokomthamo eninzi. Yintoni abagcina izibilini Eastern Siberian Platform?

ikhaka Aldansky yinto yokugcina wokwenene yentsimbi ekrwada. Ukongeza, i-Aldan Plateau nayo geni nobhedu, amalahle, mica, kunye negolide.

Kodwa ke oovimba inkulu zegolide kunye nedayimani akhiwe kwi kummandla Yakutia, nto leyo ubutyebi wokwenene Russia. Kweli lizwe geni "ilitye enokutsha" kwi kummandla Lena amalahle isitya.

Ngaphezu koko, wamalahle ithatha indawo Kumbindi tunguska Irkutsk kunye amachibi zifumaneka kwiindawo Yakutia Krasnoyarsk kunye kummandla Irkutsk.

LeziMbiwa Northern Siberian Platform

Le izimbiwa kweqonga eSiberia kwinxalenye esemantla kuyo, ikakhulu buzinze kummandla Anabar ikhaka. Apha kukho iidipozithi of apatite, anorthosite, titanomagnetites. Yobhedu nickel ukuba kwenziwe ngeenxa Norilsk.

Kodwa oyile negesi, xa kuthelekiswa kunye neendawo e Western eSiberia, ummandla kweqonga East-eSiberia amahlwempu. Ngoxa ngasezantsi owasentla kananjalo amasimi ioli, kodwa ngamanani amancinci kakhulu.

umhlaba

Umaleko liphezulu liya equka ummandla kweqonga eSiberia, na umhlaba. Khawuve oko iintlobo bamelwa kwinginqi zifundonzulu.

Njengoko ukuba inxalenye enkulu iqonga eSiberia ogubungele ihlathi boreal, umhlaba, ukusekwa apha kunxibelelana kule ndawo zendalo. Emantla - ngaba permafrost hlathi emzantsi - bazipheka-ehlathini. Emzantsi, iindawo ezinkulu yelungu emihlabeni bazipheka-podzolic, maxa wambi kukho ihlathi zingwevu, kwaye nkqu umhlaba omnyama. Kuphela uhlobo yokugqibela lomhlaba zonke ezi ukuchuma eliphezulu ezahlukeneyo.

iimpawu Jikelele Siberian Platform

Njengoko ubona, iqonga eSiberia - enye kuzo ilitye le ezindala zomhlaba on Earth. UNcedo phantse ummandla bubonakaliswe umhlaba, yaye kuphela imida qonga yabakho iintaba iphantsi kakhulu okanye neenduli.

Le ngingqi esisityebi kunene kwizimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo simele bonisa intsimbi, amalahle, apatite, igolide nedayimani. Kukho ioli, nangona ingelilo sisalathisi engundoqo ngobutyebi ngingqi. Kodwa ke umhlaba nomhlaba iqonga akanalo ukuchuma eliphezulu.