Igolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iigugu zeGolide ezingenayo

Ngaba uthanda izinto zegolide? Ngaba uyazi ukuba igolide yinto enqwenelekayo yensimbi enemibala emininzi kunye nayo yonke imibala yobuninzi? Ngoko kunjalo ngokwenene. Igolide ingabomvu, umhlophe, obomvu, obomvu, obuluhlaza, obomvu, obomvu, obomvu, obomvu kunye nomnyama! Ngonyango oluthile kunye neendlela zobugcisa, unokufumana igolide kuyo nayiphi na imibala.

Umbala wentsimbi exabisekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimichiza yamakhemikhali, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo. Kule nqaku, makhe sithethe ngegolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye sithinte ezinye zezinye iifolda.

Imbali yemvelaphi yesinyithi sezulu

Iingubo zangaphambili zamandulo zenza iimvavanyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwi-alloy yeetsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ezongezelelweyo kunye nezitye eziqhelekileyo. Njengomphumo weenkulungwane zamava, sinalo uluhlu olubanzi kunazo zonke zee-alloys zegolide, kwaye ngenxa yoko - ubuninzi bezinto zokugcoba kuzo zonke iingubo kunye nombala.

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zavunywa ukuba igolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yafunyanwa kuqala kumaSkithe. Ngenxa yeziphumo zokufunyanwa kwafunyanwa ubucwebu obuhle obuvela kulo mbala wensimbi wasezulwini. Ekubeni lo mfuziselo wawunexabiso eliphezulu, akukho mntu waqala ukuphanda ukubunjwa kwamakhosi eScythian. Kodwa kukho inkcazelo yokuba izazinzi zakudala zathola igolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yombumba we-alloy, enye yesithathu equkethe isinyithi kunye neyesibini kwi-golide yegolide. Xa uvavanya le ngcamango, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-compound yayingaqinisekanga kwaye iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwesikhokelo se-oxidation kwigolide, kubakho ukubola. Thetha ngathi njengetsimbi exabisekileyo ayikho imfuneko, i-alloy ihambelana ngakumbi nentsimbi yegolide.

Ixabiso lentsimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ekubeni inkqubo yokuvelisa isinyithi isele ijikelezwe yimfihlelo, akuyiyo yonke into enokuziqhayisa ngayo ithuba lokufumana. Kuyaziwa nje ukuba inkqubo ngokwayo iyabasebenzi kakhulu, ngoko ke intengo yeso sinyithi iphezulu kunegolide eqhelekileyo (ukusuka kuma-ruble ayi-10,000 nge-1 gram). Njengomthetho, lo ngumyalelo owodwa, ovela kumxhasi onomvuzo ophezulu. Emva koko, ukwenza umhlobiso onjalo ukuthengiswa ngokubanzi kungenzi nzuzo.

Akunjalo kuphela i-alloy yintsimbi exabisekileyo kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi kuxhomekeke kwixabiso lezinto zokugqoka. Ixabiso lichongiwe yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Ingcamango yobugcisa yemveliso;
• Ubukho kunye nomthamo weempawu zamatye ezibandakanya ukubunjwa komhlobiso;
• Izinga lobuchule bezakhono, igama le-jeweler okanye i-jewelry factory.

Ukubunjwa kwegolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ukuze uthole igolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yongeza indium kuyo. Njengomphumo wale nkomfa, isakhiwo senziwe sisinxephezelo esaneleyo-esingaqinisekiyo. Kwaye akunqabile isetyenziswe njengesigxina esisisiseko sezinto zokugqoka, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswe njengezinto zokuzihombisa ngegolide.

Enye into eyenziwa yikhemikhali iyakwazi ukutsala igolide yezemvelo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - yiyo rhodium. I-jeweller eyaziwayo e-Argentina Antoniassi yakwazi ukuhlakulela ukwakheka kwe-alloy ngendlela enokuthi isampuli yegolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iphantse ibe ngu-958 (igolide ecocekileyo i-90% yenani elipheleleyo). Kodwa iresiphi yegolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka igcinwa ngaphantsi kwe-secrets. Into efundwayo kumlawuli wase-Argentina - ukongezwa kwamanani amancinci e-cobalt kunika isinyithi esibaluleke kakhulu ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

OMhlaza oMhlaza

Kodwa ngeli alloy konke kulula kakhulu. Abaphathi bakhe abathile benziwe ngegolide yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokongezwa kwe-chromium kunye nentsimbi. Isalathisi esiphumelayo sinokukhubazeka ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba ayiyi kusebenza ngokupheleleyo kuyo. Isetyenziswe kuphela njengenye yezinto zokubhabisa. Ukunikezela okwesibhakabhaka kunye namandla kwisitye esinqabileyo, ukubunjwa kwayo kufuneka kube ngale ndlela:

• Icandelo eliphambili igolide ecocekileyo;
• 22% yentsimbi;
• I-25% yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo (kuquka i-2.5% yeplatinum kunye ne-0.5% ye-iridium).

Ulwakhiwo olunjalo luya kuvumela intsimbi exabisekileyo ukuba ithwale isampuli ngokuchongwa kwe-750.

Kukho enye indlela yokufumana umbala ogcweleyo wegolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kubalulekile ukudibanisa igolide ephuzi (46%) kunye ne-indium (54%). Emva koko igolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iya kuba ngumthunzi omnyama. Yaye ukuba i-gallium iphuma njengento yokongeza, umthunzi uya kukhanya, ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezu kobhakabhaka. Isampuli iya kubelwa ku-585.

I-alloy enjalo ixabiso elibizayo nelinenqabileyo, ngoko ke ii-workshops eziphezulu kuphela ziyakwazi ukuvelisa ubunxibe kuyo kwaye zisebenzise igolide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengento yokuhlobisa ngenxa yeempawu zenyama kunye nezobugcisa.

I-Red Red Gold

Esi sinyithi sinegama elinye - igolide yegolide. Kwakuyibonga ngenxa yokuba le alloy yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimali-mali, oko kukuthi i-chervontsi. Kwiinkozo zebukhosi, isabelo segolide lezemvelo sasiphezulu kwaye saba ngama-90% (isampula 900). Okwangoku, igolide elibomvu lilahlekelwe yinto ebalulekileyo, kodwa kwimihla ngemihla igama liye laphila. Ukufezekisa umthunzi obomvu, ubethusi buyongezwa kuyo. Okwangoku, igolide elibomvu lihambelana nesampuli 585, kunye nokubunjwa kwayo, ngaphezu kwethusi (33.5%), iquka nesilivere (8%). Zizinto zokugcoba ezenziwe yile sinyithi ezenza isiqingatha somthamo opheleleyo wemarike yegolide yegolide yaseRussia.

Umbala wegolide

Ukuze ufumane umthunzi onqwenelekayo wesinyithi, izazinzulu kunye namajelo angamava avelise iindlela zokulinga kunye neemposiso zobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zamakhemikhali kwi-alloys ngegolide ecocekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umphezulu wensimbi uboshwe ngento efunekayo yamachiza, kwaye umthunzi ofanelekileyo ufezekiswa ngempembelelo ye-thermal okanye yamakhemikhali. Kodwa le yindlela elula, kukho ezinye iindlela:

• Ukuxhoma;
• Ukuxhoma;
• Ukuhlaziywa;
• Utyunyulo;
• Rhodium;
• Ukupasa kompu wamachiza we-carbon amorphous;

Kungekude kudlulileyo, indlela entsha yokufumana igolide yegolide (nayiphina imthunzi efunwayo) yafunyanwa yizinzululwazi zesiNgesi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiprogram ekhethiweyo, ubunzulu obufunekayo bokungena kunye nobuninzi bomda we-ion obhekiswe kwi-metal surface. Ngaloo ndlela, umbala wegolide utshintsho kwinqanaba le-athomu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-ionic.

Enye yeendlela zokugqibela zefashini kwicandelo lezinto zokugcoba zizinto ezidibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi. Ngoko unako ukufumana umgca wegolide elimhlophe, eliluphuzi nelomvu okanye uthenge umhlobiso, apho kuya kuba lunomdla ukudibanisa igolide emhlophe neyemnyama.

I-Jewelcrafting iye yafezekiswa yintlalo ngeenkulungwane ezininzi: izinto ezitsha zenziwe, ezisoloko zenza umgudu wokuphuhliswa kwezindlela ezintsha kwifashoni. Ingumthombo ongapheliyo wobuchule, oza kutsalela kunye nokuthabatha abantu abanokubaluleka okungaqhelekanga kwezitye ezixabisekileyo.