Iimagyars zi ... Imvelaphi, imbali

Umbuzo onomdla: luhlobo luni lwabantu abathiwa ngamaMagyars? Kulo lonke ilizwe laseHungary kukho abahlali abayizigidi ezilishumi. Bahlala eRomania (malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezi-2), iSlovakia kunye neminye indawo emininzi hhayi kuphela kwilizwekazi lase-Eurasia, kodwa naseMelika naseCanada.

Bangaphi babo?

I-Magyars epheleleyo kwihlabathi elimalunga nabantu abayizigidi ezilishumi elinesine. Ulwimi oluphambili kubo luHungary. Kukho ezininzi iilwimi ezenza intetho eyahlukileyo kuxhomekeke kwintsimi.

Amagyars ngabantu base-mandulo kakhulu, abanomlando onokude kunye nokuzonwabisa ukuyiqonda. Ukubhala kuye kwaphuhliswa ukususela ngekhulu leshumi. Inkolo exhaphake kakhulu yiKatolika. Uninzi lwabanye abalandeli beeLutheran neCalvinist.

Bavela phi?

AmaMagyars anamhlanje achaza imvelaphi yazo ngale ndlela: ngaphambili babezizwe ezincinci zincinci, ikakhulukazi zibandakanya iinkomo zokuzalisa. Bavela kumazwe empuma yeeUreals.

Ngethuba lokuqala kwe-millennium yokuqala laba bantu ba landela i-Bas, baza bahlala kwicala elisenyakatho loLwandle oluMnyama. Ngelo xesha, kwakufuneka balalele abantu abalawulayo kuloo mmandla. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-9, iiMagyri zanyuka ziza kwiiNtaba zaseCarpathian zahlala kwiindawo ezikuMlambo waseDanube.

Apha bahlala ixesha elide, kuba kulo mhlaba yonke into yayiyindlela yokuphila ehleliweyo. Iimagyars, ngokwenene, abalimi. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini aba bantu baba yinxalenye yombuso waseHungary kunye noKatolika.

Ngaloo ndlela, iMagyars yamandulo yajoyina abantu baseHungary, ekwakheni iikhola. Abahlali bawathatha. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwi-Hungary kunye neeMagyars kwakukho iintlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazisondelene ngokukodwa kwimigaqo yenkcubeko neyenokomoya.

Ngokusemthethweni ukubhala, isiLatini sasisetyenziswa okokuqala, kwaye ke isiJamani. Kuvela kubo ukuba ulwimi lwaseHungary luye lwafunda amaninzi amanqaku. Iimagyars ziyingxenye enkulu ye-quuldron ebilisayo, okuqulethwe kuyo kwaye yanyuka ukusuka kwenye indawo iya kwenye ikhulu leminyaka.

Kwakhona, abanye abameli balo bantu bashiya intsimi yaseHungary ukwenzela ukuba babekwe kwimimandla emihle kwiphondo laseMpuma yeKarpathian. Ngenkulungwane ye-16, ijoka lase-Ottoman lilawulwa, lachaphazela iHungary ngokunjalo, ukuze abemi bayo babalekele ngasentla nakuma empuma.

Abantu baseburhulumenteni baba ngaphantsi. Xa iMfazwe yaseAustro-Turki iphelile kwaye inkululeko yokukhululwa yanyuswa, amazwe aseHungary athatyathwa yi-Habsburgs. Intsimi yaseHungary yayinabantu abahlala kwiikholoni zaseJamani. Emva kwexesha, njengoko abantu batshintsha iiMagyars. Imbali kunye nelifa lemveli liye lafumana utshintsho oluthile ngexesha elo, kuba ukuphikisana kwelizwe kwanda nje.

Amandla karhulumente akhula ngamandla, kwaye bonke abantu abahlala kuwo babegqitha iMagyrization. Ngaloo ndlela, iHungary yaba li-republic republic.

Yiyiphi kubo ebalungile kuyo?

Amaqela ahlukahlukeneyo aseHungari aqala ukwenza. Magyars - oku akusiyo iqela elincinci labahlali, kodwa abantu bonke, baninzi, njengobunzima. Ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, la maqela alondoloze iimpawu zawo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, indawo yokuhlala nganye yayinehhashi layo, into eyahlukileyo komnye kunye nokuba yintoni eyaphumelela ngakumbi kunabemi bakubo.

Ngokomzekelo, abemi beentaba (i-palotsi kunye nonina) babe nekhono elihle lokubopha isikhumba kunye neengcambu. Abantu baseSharkyeza bakhunjulwa ngokuyinzala yezakhono zabo ezigqwesileyo ekudaleni izinto zobuciko kunye nezambatho. Kwintshona kwiphondo laseTransdanubi ngexesha lamaqela aphakathi kwama-Middle Ages asekwa kwimimandla ye-Hetesh ne-Gocei. Ngeempumelelo kwimveli yenkcubeko, babenomdla njengabamelwane babo - iiSlovenes.

Kubantu abahlanjwe yimilambo yeRab kunye noMlambo waseDanube, abantu baseRabaciosis babekwe. Ama-Kumans, yi-kuns, inzala yamaPolvvusi, eqonda ukutshatyalaliswa kweTatar-Mongols kwiklasi yeshumi elinesithathu, kwaye i-yasas yanikezwa umhlaba ukusuka kookumkani baseHungary. Njengesiponji, bafumana ukunambitheka kwendawo, inkcubeko kunye nolwimi. Ngoko kwakukho ne-hayduki.

Kwaye kuthiwani namhlanje?

Kwaye emva kweenkulungwane, yintoni isizwe saseHungary? Amagyars awayilibali imvelaphi kunye nembeko yembali. Namhlanje, iHungary ithathwa njengesimo esilungileyo. Kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo, ishishini lisebenza, kunye necandelo leenkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, ezolimo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, ngenxa yokuba la mazwe asakhulayo kwaye atshabalala, kwaye inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ivula amathuba amatsha okusebenza ngawo. Ukuphuhliswa kakuhle njengento yokuzaliswa kweenkomo (eyaqala ukunyusa amaHungari kuqala), kunye nezolimo.

Zonke zaqala njani?

Ngamaxesha amandulo ukuphuhliswa kwemfuyo kwavezwa ngamathafa aseNtshona empuma. Eyona nto yayithandwayo yayikuzaliswa kwamahashe kwisezantsi laseHungary. Uninzi olunenzuzo ekuzaliseni ihagu. Ulwazi lobugcisa bokucubungula umhlaba wamaHungary lufunyenwe kwi-Proto-Bulgarians abakhuluma isiTurkki, kunye namaSlav. Oku kubonakaliswe nakwizwi lesi sigama sabantu abalwe ngenhla.

Uninzi lwazo zonke iMagyars zondliwa ngqolowa. Isityalo esikhulu sefowuni sasingqolowa. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, iifatata zakhula. Akukho nto yahlawulwa kwi-winemaking, ukulima kwemithi yasegadi kunye nemifuno eyahlukileyo. I-Flax ne-hemp zaphathwa. Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo inokunikezwa kumzobo omhle kunye oyingqayizivele, i-lace, ubumbi. Kwakhona, iMagyars yayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngesikhumba. Abantu baseHungary banamhlanje bayayihlonela izithethe zabo kwaye bazame ukugcina amasiko amandulo.

Ziziphi iimeko ababephila ngazo?

Iidolophana zaseHungary zazikhulu kakhulu, kwaye zahlala kwiindawo zokulima (ikakhulukazi kwicala lasempumalanga yeHungary). Namhlanje, uninzi lwabantu baseburhulumenteni baseburhulumenteni. Ukususela kuma-Middle Ages ukuya kwiintsuku zethu, izixeko ezifana nePec, iBuda, iGyor kunye nabanye baye basinda.

Ukongezelela, kwakhiwa iindawo zokuhlala, ezahluke kakhulu kwiingcamango zesigcawu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, babemi ngabasimili, ngoko ke igama lomzi-uhlobo lwezolimo. Namhlanje, umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini zeedolophu azivekanga kakhulu.